草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 51-61.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020330
收稿日期:
2020-07-14
修回日期:
2020-11-23
出版日期:
2021-08-30
发布日期:
2021-08-30
通讯作者:
宋彦涛
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: yantaosong@dlnu.edu.cn基金资助:
Jing-dong ZHAO(), Wuyunna, Yan-tao SONG()
Received:
2020-07-14
Revised:
2020-11-23
Online:
2021-08-30
Published:
2021-08-30
Contact:
Yan-tao SONG
摘要:
围封对退化草地牧草品质的影响是评价围封效果的重要方面。以辽西北退化草地为研究对象,研究3年间(2017-2019年)围封和自由放牧处理下群落特征和牧草品质各项指标的变化。结果表明:围封区群落高度、盖度、地上生物量、枯落物量以及牧草粗蛋白、非纤维性碳水化合物、产奶净能、奶吨指数显著高于放牧区(P<0.05),具有较高的营养成分以及饲喂价值,而放牧区牧草粗灰分、粗脂肪、木质素、酸性洗涤纤维、体外干物质消化率、中性洗涤纤维消化率、可消化中性洗涤纤维、钙、镁以及磷元素含量极显著高于围封区(P<0.01),具有较高的消化率和更为丰富的矿质元素,但适口性较差。2019年牧草粗蛋白、非纤维性碳水化合物、钾元素、维持净能以及总可消化养分含量相比围封初年(2017年)均得到显著提高(P<0.05),且中性洗涤纤维含量最低(P<0.05)。结果表明退化草地经短期围封后群落特征指标和牧草品质均得以提高,这为退化草地短期围封提供理论参考,对草原管理和利用具有重要意义。
赵京东, 乌云娜, 宋彦涛. 短期围封对辽西北退化草地群落牧草品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(9): 51-61.
Jing-dong ZHAO, Wuyunna, Yan-tao SONG. Effect of short-term fencing on the forage quality of plant communities in degraded grassland in Northwestern Liaoning[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(9): 51-61.
处理 Treatment | 年份 Year | 群落高度 Community height (cm) | 群落盖度 Community coverage (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 枯落物量 Plant litter (g·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
围封Fencing | 2017 | 55.8±7.8 | 90.8±5.3 | 291.35±44.82 | 25.37±9.54 |
2018 | 54.2±5.8 | 70.0±7.6 | 154.18±21.39 | 103.29±20.82 | |
2019 | 49.6±7.5 | 67.4±6.6 | 213.83±19.65 | 227.95±31.57 | |
放牧Grazing | 2017 | 42.4±4.1 | 61.2±7.3 | 140.53±38.60 | 30.51±9.77 |
2018 | 21.1±1.6 | 48.0±2.0 | 89.50±4.66 | 49.70±6.40 | |
2019 | 14.4±1.1 | 43.8±3.7 | 44.66±6.11 | 48.76±9.15 | |
LSD0.05 | 14.00 | 16.00 | 75.07 | 47.23 |
表1 围封处理和年份对植物群落特征的影响
Table 1 Effects of fencing treatment and year on plant community characteristics (Mean±SE)
处理 Treatment | 年份 Year | 群落高度 Community height (cm) | 群落盖度 Community coverage (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 枯落物量 Plant litter (g·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
围封Fencing | 2017 | 55.8±7.8 | 90.8±5.3 | 291.35±44.82 | 25.37±9.54 |
2018 | 54.2±5.8 | 70.0±7.6 | 154.18±21.39 | 103.29±20.82 | |
2019 | 49.6±7.5 | 67.4±6.6 | 213.83±19.65 | 227.95±31.57 | |
放牧Grazing | 2017 | 42.4±4.1 | 61.2±7.3 | 140.53±38.60 | 30.51±9.77 |
2018 | 21.1±1.6 | 48.0±2.0 | 89.50±4.66 | 49.70±6.40 | |
2019 | 14.4±1.1 | 43.8±3.7 | 44.66±6.11 | 48.76±9.15 | |
LSD0.05 | 14.00 | 16.00 | 75.07 | 47.23 |
指标Index | 围封Fencing | 年份Year | 围封×年份Fencing×year |
---|---|---|---|
非纤维性碳水化合物Non-fibrous carbohydrate | ** | * | ns |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | ** | ns | ns |
粗灰分Crude ash | *** | ns | * |
粗脂肪Ether extract | *** | * | * |
粗蛋白Crude protein | *** | *** | * |
木质素Lignin | *** | ns | * |
可溶性碳水化合物Water soluble carbohydrate | ns | * | * |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | ns | * | * |
表2 围封处理和年份对牧草营养成分含量的重复测量方差分析
Table 2 Analysis of variance of repeated measurements of nutrient composition content of herbage by fencing treatment and year
指标Index | 围封Fencing | 年份Year | 围封×年份Fencing×year |
---|---|---|---|
非纤维性碳水化合物Non-fibrous carbohydrate | ** | * | ns |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | ** | ns | ns |
粗灰分Crude ash | *** | ns | * |
粗脂肪Ether extract | *** | * | * |
粗蛋白Crude protein | *** | *** | * |
木质素Lignin | *** | ns | * |
可溶性碳水化合物Water soluble carbohydrate | ns | * | * |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | ns | * | * |
图1 围封处理和年份对牧草营养成分的影响不同小写字母表示有交互作用时处理间多重比较有显著差异(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示无交互作用时年际间多重比较有显著差异(P<0.05);*表示无交互作用时围封与放牧处理间有显著差异(P<0.05);**表示无交互作用时围封与放牧处理间有极显著差异(P<0.01)。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the treatments when there was interaction; Different capital letters indicate significant difference among three years when there was no interaction ; * indicates that there is significant difference between fencing and grazing treatments at 0.05 level; ** indicates that there is significant difference between fencing and grazing treatments at 0.01 level. The same below.
Fig.1 The effect of fencing treatment and year on nutrient composition of forage grass
项目Item | 钙Ca | 镁Mg | 钾K | 磷P |
---|---|---|---|---|
围封Fencing | *** | ** | ns | *** |
年份Year | ns | * | * | ns |
围封×年份Fencing×year | ns | ns | ns | ** |
表3 围封处理和年份对牧草矿质元素含量的重复测量方差分析
Table 3 Variance analysis of repeated measurements of herbage mineral element content by fencing treatment and year
项目Item | 钙Ca | 镁Mg | 钾K | 磷P |
---|---|---|---|---|
围封Fencing | *** | ** | ns | *** |
年份Year | ns | * | * | ns |
围封×年份Fencing×year | ns | ns | ns | ** |
年份Year | 围封Fencing | 放牧Grazing |
---|---|---|
2017 | 2.613±0.094 | 2.875±0.119 |
2018 | 2.545±0.140 | 1.777±0.106 |
2019 | 2.508±0.212 | 2.195±0.110 |
LSD0.05 | 0.434 | 0.311 |
表4 3年间不同处理下牧草钙磷比
Table 4 Calcium and phosphorus ratio of forage under different treatments for three years
年份Year | 围封Fencing | 放牧Grazing |
---|---|---|
2017 | 2.613±0.094 | 2.875±0.119 |
2018 | 2.545±0.140 | 1.777±0.106 |
2019 | 2.508±0.212 | 2.195±0.110 |
LSD0.05 | 0.434 | 0.311 |
指标Index | 围封Fencing | 年份Year | 围封×年份Fencing×year |
---|---|---|---|
体外干物质消化率In vitro dry-matter digestibility | ** | ** | ns |
维持净能Net energy for maintenance | *** | ** | *** |
增重净能Net energy for gain | ** | ** | *** |
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrients | *** | ** | *** |
中性洗涤纤维消化率Neutral detergent fiber digestibility | ** | * | ** |
相对牧草质量Relative forage quality | ns | ** | ** |
奶吨指数Milk perton index | *** | * | ** |
可消化中性洗涤纤维Digestible neutral detergent fiber | ** | ns | * |
产奶净能Net energy for lactation | *** | * | * |
相对饲喂价值Relative feeding value | ** | ns | * |
表5 围封处理和年份对牧草饲喂价值的重复测量方差分析
Table 5 Analysis of variance of repeated measurements of forage feeding value by fencing treatment and year
指标Index | 围封Fencing | 年份Year | 围封×年份Fencing×year |
---|---|---|---|
体外干物质消化率In vitro dry-matter digestibility | ** | ** | ns |
维持净能Net energy for maintenance | *** | ** | *** |
增重净能Net energy for gain | ** | ** | *** |
总可消化养分Total digestible nutrients | *** | ** | *** |
中性洗涤纤维消化率Neutral detergent fiber digestibility | ** | * | ** |
相对牧草质量Relative forage quality | ns | ** | ** |
奶吨指数Milk perton index | *** | * | ** |
可消化中性洗涤纤维Digestible neutral detergent fiber | ** | ns | * |
产奶净能Net energy for lactation | *** | * | * |
相对饲喂价值Relative feeding value | ** | ns | * |
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