草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 76-85.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020396
收稿日期:
2020-08-24
修回日期:
2020-10-26
出版日期:
2021-08-30
发布日期:
2021-08-30
通讯作者:
周青平
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: qpingzh@aliyun.com基金资助:
Chuan-qi WANG1(), Wen-hui LIU1, Yong-chao ZHANG1, Qing-ping ZHOU1,2()
Received:
2020-08-24
Revised:
2020-10-26
Online:
2021-08-30
Published:
2021-08-30
Contact:
Qing-ping ZHOU
摘要:
选取适宜于“三江源”地区寒旱环境生长的垂穗披碱草为试验材料,采用纸上发芽法,利用高分子渗透剂聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)配制成-0.15、-0.30、-0.50、-0.75和-1.00 MPa溶液模拟干旱胁迫,以超纯水(0 MPa)溶液为对照组,研究了垂穗披碱草在成苗期间的耐旱性及其发芽出苗阶段的需水阈值。结果表明,干旱胁迫降低了种子发芽出苗率和发芽出苗速率。推迟了种子群体发芽、出苗的高峰期,且复水后种子发芽出苗高峰期同样存在推迟现象;垂穗披碱草种子发芽率、出苗率、发芽指数和活力指数、芽长、芽干鲜重和干物质积累率均随水分亏缺的加重呈下降的趋势,根长和根干鲜重则随水分亏缺的加重呈先升后降趋势;复水后,垂穗披碱草种子发芽率、出苗率、发芽指数、活力指数随着水分亏缺的加重呈先升后降的趋势,而根长、芽长及根芽干鲜重则呈下降的趋势;干旱胁迫对垂穗披碱草幼苗根的伸长影响较小,但对芽的伸长影响较大,且随着水分亏缺的加重而越发明显,从而使幼苗根芽比不断增加;垂穗披碱草发芽阶段与出苗阶段对环境水势的要求不同,发芽阶段的耐旱性较强。垂穗披碱草在成苗期间具有较强的耐旱性,且干旱后复水对垂穗披碱草种子发芽、出苗具有积极作用,即使重度(-0.50 MPa)干旱胁迫,复水后种子仍可大量发芽、出苗。本研究对于进一步探讨垂穗披碱草干旱适应机理具有重要理论研究价值,同时对利用垂穗披碱草有效防治“三江源”地区草地退化、沙化及水土流失具有重要的现实意义。
王传旗, 刘文辉, 张永超, 周青平. 野生垂穗披碱草成苗期间的耐旱性研究[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(9): 76-85.
Chuan-qi WANG, Wen-hui LIU, Yong-chao ZHANG, Qing-ping ZHOU. Drought tolerance of wild Elymus nutans during germination and seedling establishment[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(9): 76-85.
图1 干旱胁迫及复水对种子发芽进程的影响竖线条表示开始复水时间。下同。The line indicates the time of rewatering. The same below.
Fig.1 Effects of drought stress and rewatering on seed germination process
指标 Index | 环境水势Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
发芽率Germination percentage (%) | 100.00±0.00a | 91.00±3.00a | 80.00±5.00ab | 70.00±4.00ab | 58.00±4.00b | 42.00±5.00b |
出苗率Emergence percentage (%) | 100.00±0.00a | 91.00±2.00a | 79.00±1.00a | 67.00±2.00a | 41.00±3.00b | 33.00±2.00b |
发芽指数Germination index | 90.82±1.54a | 72.91±2.05ab | 58.47±2.67b | 48.82±1.33bc | 36.57±0.75c | 30.07±0.39c |
活力指数Vigor index | 1246.05±2.59a | 993.76±3.67ab | 700.47±4.42b | 504.80±3.95b | 331.69±2.16c | 220.12±1.97d |
表1 干旱胁迫对种子发芽和出苗的影响
Table 1 Effects of drought stress on seed germination and emergence
指标 Index | 环境水势Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
发芽率Germination percentage (%) | 100.00±0.00a | 91.00±3.00a | 80.00±5.00ab | 70.00±4.00ab | 58.00±4.00b | 42.00±5.00b |
出苗率Emergence percentage (%) | 100.00±0.00a | 91.00±2.00a | 79.00±1.00a | 67.00±2.00a | 41.00±3.00b | 33.00±2.00b |
发芽指数Germination index | 90.82±1.54a | 72.91±2.05ab | 58.47±2.67b | 48.82±1.33bc | 36.57±0.75c | 30.07±0.39c |
活力指数Vigor index | 1246.05±2.59a | 993.76±3.67ab | 700.47±4.42b | 504.80±3.95b | 331.69±2.16c | 220.12±1.97d |
指标 Index | 环境水势Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
发芽率Germination percentage (%) | 0.00±0.00d | 6.00±0.15c | 11.00±1.75b | 18.00±2.25a | 14.00±1.25ab | 14.00±0.75ab |
出苗率Emergence percentage (%) | 0.00±0.00d | 6.00±0.10c | 11.00±0.65b | 18.00±1.55a | 14.00±0.85ab | 14.00±0.35ab |
发芽指数Germination index | 0.00±0.00d | 8.08±0.49c | 13.55±0.78b | 24.69±0.93a | 16.61±0.62ab | 16.50±0.57ab |
活力指数Vigor index | 0.00±0.00d | 105.77±1.17c | 183.60±1.34b | 304.67±1.49a | 204.97±1.03ab | 180.35±0.82b |
表2 旱后复水对种子发芽和出苗的影响
Table 2 Effects of rewatering after drought stress on seed germination and emergence
指标 Index | 环境水势Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
发芽率Germination percentage (%) | 0.00±0.00d | 6.00±0.15c | 11.00±1.75b | 18.00±2.25a | 14.00±1.25ab | 14.00±0.75ab |
出苗率Emergence percentage (%) | 0.00±0.00d | 6.00±0.10c | 11.00±0.65b | 18.00±1.55a | 14.00±0.85ab | 14.00±0.35ab |
发芽指数Germination index | 0.00±0.00d | 8.08±0.49c | 13.55±0.78b | 24.69±0.93a | 16.61±0.62ab | 16.50±0.57ab |
活力指数Vigor index | 0.00±0.00d | 105.77±1.17c | 183.60±1.34b | 304.67±1.49a | 204.97±1.03ab | 180.35±0.82b |
指标 Index | 环境水势 Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
根长Root length (cm) | 6.80±0.23a | 7.39±0.31a | 6.62±0.19a | 6.07±0.35a | 5.79±0.47a | 5.11±0.26a |
芽长Bud length (cm) | 6.92±0.39a | 6.25±0.27a | 5.36±0.24a | 4.24±0.41ab | 3.28±0.50b | 2.26±0.33b |
根芽比Root/bud | 0.98±0.14b | 1.18±0.17b | 1.22±0.23b | 1.43±0.20b | 1.77±0.26ab | 2.26±0.21a |
表3 干旱胁迫对垂穗披碱草幼苗根长和芽长的影响
Table 3 Effects of drought stress on root length and bud length of E. nutans seedlings
指标 Index | 环境水势 Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
根长Root length (cm) | 6.80±0.23a | 7.39±0.31a | 6.62±0.19a | 6.07±0.35a | 5.79±0.47a | 5.11±0.26a |
芽长Bud length (cm) | 6.92±0.39a | 6.25±0.27a | 5.36±0.24a | 4.24±0.41ab | 3.28±0.50b | 2.26±0.33b |
根芽比Root/bud | 0.98±0.14b | 1.18±0.17b | 1.22±0.23b | 1.43±0.20b | 1.77±0.26ab | 2.26±0.21a |
指标 Index | 环境水势Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
根 (鲜重) Root fresh weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.1323a | 0.1467a | 0.1264a | 0.1093ab | 0.0971ab | 0.0744b |
芽 (鲜重) Bud fresh weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.2459a | 0.2338ab | 0.2169ab | 0.1794ab | 0.1635b | 0.1463b |
根 (干重) Root dry weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0207a | 0.0256a | 0.0194a | 0.0139ab | 0.0107b | 0.0048c |
芽 (干重) Bud dry weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0333a | 0.0293ab | 0.0262ab | 0.0201b | 0.0183b | 0.0154b |
干物质积累率Dry matter accumulation percentage (%) | 0.14±0.01a | 0.14±0.02a | 0.13±0.01ab | 0.11±0.04ab | 0.10±0.01b | 0.09±0.00b |
表4 干旱胁迫对垂穗披碱草幼苗干鲜重的影响
Table 4 Effects of drought stress on fresh and dry weight of E. nutans seedlings
指标 Index | 环境水势Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
根 (鲜重) Root fresh weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.1323a | 0.1467a | 0.1264a | 0.1093ab | 0.0971ab | 0.0744b |
芽 (鲜重) Bud fresh weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.2459a | 0.2338ab | 0.2169ab | 0.1794ab | 0.1635b | 0.1463b |
根 (干重) Root dry weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0207a | 0.0256a | 0.0194a | 0.0139ab | 0.0107b | 0.0048c |
芽 (干重) Bud dry weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0333a | 0.0293ab | 0.0262ab | 0.0201b | 0.0183b | 0.0154b |
干物质积累率Dry matter accumulation percentage (%) | 0.14±0.01a | 0.14±0.02a | 0.13±0.01ab | 0.11±0.04ab | 0.10±0.01b | 0.09±0.00b |
指标 Index | 环境水势Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
根长Root length (cm) | 0.00±0.00b | 6.98±0.66a | 6.77±0.59a | 6.54±0.47a | 6.25±0.51a | 5.94±0.41a |
芽长Bud length (cm) | 0.00±0.00b | 8.32±0.79a | 8.04±1.02a | 7.69±1.21a | 7.54±1.33a | 7.39±0.92a |
根芽比Root/bud | 0.00±0.00b | 0.84±0.01a | 0.84±0.02a | 0.85±0.01a | 0.83±0.01a | 0.82±0.03a |
表5 旱后复水对垂穗披碱草幼苗根长和芽长的影响
Table 5 Effects of rewatering after drought stress on root length and bud length of E. nutans seedlings
指标 Index | 环境水势Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
根长Root length (cm) | 0.00±0.00b | 6.98±0.66a | 6.77±0.59a | 6.54±0.47a | 6.25±0.51a | 5.94±0.41a |
芽长Bud length (cm) | 0.00±0.00b | 8.32±0.79a | 8.04±1.02a | 7.69±1.21a | 7.54±1.33a | 7.39±0.92a |
根芽比Root/bud | 0.00±0.00b | 0.84±0.01a | 0.84±0.02a | 0.85±0.01a | 0.83±0.01a | 0.82±0.03a |
指标 Index | 环境水势Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
根 (鲜重) Root fresh weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0000b | 0.1392a | 0.1336a | 0.1278a | 0.1195a | 0.1170a |
芽 (鲜重) Bud fresh weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0000c | 0.3144a | 0.3114ab | 0.2079b | 0.2056b | 0.2035b |
根 (干重) Root dry weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0000c | 0.0251a | 0.0224ab | 0.0196ab | 0.0163b | 0.0124b |
芽 (干重) Bud dry weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0000b | 0.0394a | 0.0371a | 0.0359a | 0.0347a | 0.0333a |
干物质积累率Dry matter accumulation percentage (%) | 0.00±0.00b | 0.14±0.01a | 0.14±0.02a | 0.14±0.01a | 0.14±0.02a | 0.14±0.03a |
表6 旱后复水对垂穗披碱草幼苗干鲜重的影响
Table 6 Effects of rewatering after drought stress on dry and fresh weight of E. nutans seedlings
指标 Index | 环境水势Environmental water potential | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | -0.15 MPa | -0.30 MPa | -0.50 MPa | -0.75 MPa | -1.00 MPa | |
根 (鲜重) Root fresh weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0000b | 0.1392a | 0.1336a | 0.1278a | 0.1195a | 0.1170a |
芽 (鲜重) Bud fresh weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0000c | 0.3144a | 0.3114ab | 0.2079b | 0.2056b | 0.2035b |
根 (干重) Root dry weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0000c | 0.0251a | 0.0224ab | 0.0196ab | 0.0163b | 0.0124b |
芽 (干重) Bud dry weight (g·10 plant-1) | 0.0000b | 0.0394a | 0.0371a | 0.0359a | 0.0347a | 0.0333a |
干物质积累率Dry matter accumulation percentage (%) | 0.00±0.00b | 0.14±0.01a | 0.14±0.02a | 0.14±0.01a | 0.14±0.02a | 0.14±0.03a |
环境水势 Environmental water potential | 拟合方程 Fitting equation | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r) | 发芽时间 Germination time (h) |
---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | 0.97 | 76.95 | |
-0.15 MPa | 0.95 | 93.31 | |
-0.30 MPa | 0.96 | 114.77 | |
-0.50 MPa | 0.96 | 136.45 | |
-0.75 MPa | 0.88 | 164.76 | |
-1.00 MPa | 0.88 | 236.12 |
表7 50%种子群体吸水时间与发芽率的关系
Table 7 Relationship between water absorption time and germination percentage of 50% seeds population
环境水势 Environmental water potential | 拟合方程 Fitting equation | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r) | 发芽时间 Germination time (h) |
---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | 0.97 | 76.95 | |
-0.15 MPa | 0.95 | 93.31 | |
-0.30 MPa | 0.96 | 114.77 | |
-0.50 MPa | 0.96 | 136.45 | |
-0.75 MPa | 0.88 | 164.76 | |
-1.00 MPa | 0.88 | 236.12 |
材料Material | 拟合方程Fitting equation | 相关系数Correlation coefficient (r) | 临界水势Critical water potential (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 1/t=0.0153ψw+0.0130 | 0.85 | -0.85 |
表8 50%种子群体发芽时间与水势的关系
Table 8 Relationship between germination time and water potential of 50% seeds population
材料Material | 拟合方程Fitting equation | 相关系数Correlation coefficient (r) | 临界水势Critical water potential (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 1/t=0.0153ψw+0.0130 | 0.85 | -0.85 |
环境水势 Environmental water potential | 拟合方程 Fitting equation | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r) | 发芽时间 Emergence time (h) |
---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | 0.97 | 78.96 | |
-0.15 MPa | 0.95 | 103.84 | |
-0.30 MPa | 0.96 | 117.05 | |
-0.50 MPa | 0.96 | 144.39 | |
-0.75 MPa | 0.88 | 208.66 | |
-1.00 MPa | 0.88 | 277.09 |
表9 50%种子群体吸水时间与出苗率的关系
Table 9 Relationship between water absorption time and emergence percentage of 50% seeds population
环境水势 Environmental water potential | 拟合方程 Fitting equation | 相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r) | 发芽时间 Emergence time (h) |
---|---|---|---|
0 MPa | 0.97 | 78.96 | |
-0.15 MPa | 0.95 | 103.84 | |
-0.30 MPa | 0.96 | 117.05 | |
-0.50 MPa | 0.96 | 144.39 | |
-0.75 MPa | 0.88 | 208.66 | |
-1.00 MPa | 0.88 | 277.09 |
材料Material | 拟合方程Fitting equation | 相关系数Correlation coefficient (r) | 临界水势Critical water potential (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 1/t=0.0207ψw+0.0127 | 0.90 | -0.61 |
表10 50%种子群体出苗时间与水势的关系
Table 10 Relationship between emergence time and water potential of 50% seeds population
材料Material | 拟合方程Fitting equation | 相关系数Correlation coefficient (r) | 临界水势Critical water potential (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 1/t=0.0207ψw+0.0127 | 0.90 | -0.61 |
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