草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 75-85.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021439
周力1,2(), 王志有1, 杨葆春1, 侯生珍1, 张峰硕1, 桂林生1()
收稿日期:
2021-11-27
修回日期:
2022-01-17
出版日期:
2022-11-20
发布日期:
2022-10-01
通讯作者:
桂林生
作者简介:
E-mail: 3085968221@qq.com基金资助:
Li ZHOU1,2(), Zhi-you WANG1, Bao-chun YANG1, Sheng-zhen HOU1, Feng-shuo ZHANG1, Lin-sheng GUI1()
Received:
2021-11-27
Revised:
2022-01-17
Online:
2022-11-20
Published:
2022-10-01
Contact:
Lin-sheng GUI
摘要:
为探讨不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)饲粮对青海黑藏羊体尺指数、肌纤维类型组成及肉品质的影响。选取40只体况良好、体重相近[(10.28±0.43) kg]的2月龄黑藏羊,随机分为2组,每组20只,分别饲喂NDF为26.33%(L组)和46.14%(H组)的饲粮。通过酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)、ATP酶(ATPase)组织化学染色以及实时荧光定量PCR(real-time qPCR)对黑藏羊背最长肌的肌纤维特性、肌球蛋白重链(MyHCs)基因表达量及肉质特性进行了研究。结果显示:1)H组体躯指数显著小于L组(P<0.05)。2)H组Ⅱa型肌纤维数量比例显著大于L组(P<0.05),H组Ⅰ型和Ⅱa型肌纤维面积比例亦大于L组(P<0.05)。3)L组MyHC Ⅰ和MyHC Ⅱa基因的mRNA表达量显著小于H组(P<0.05),而MyHC Ⅱb和MyHC Ⅱx基因的mRNA表达量则相反(P<0.05)。4)相较于L组,H组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)含量均提高,丙二醛(MDA)含量下降,其中二者总抗氧化能力差异显著(P<0.05)。5)L组剪切力显著大于H组(P<0.05),而红度(a*)则相反(P<0.05)。综上,与低水平NDF饲粮相比,高水平NDF饲粮条件下黑藏羊可有效减少酵解型肌纤维数量比例,并增强其抗氧化能力,在一定程度上能改善肉品质。
周力, 王志有, 杨葆春, 侯生珍, 张峰硕, 桂林生. 饲粮中性洗涤纤维水平对黑藏羊肌纤维类型组成比例与肉质特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(11): 75-85.
Li ZHOU, Zhi-you WANG, Bao-chun YANG, Sheng-zhen HOU, Feng-shuo ZHANG, Lin-sheng GUI. Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber on muscle fiber type composition and meat quality characteristics of black Tibetan sheep[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(11): 75-85.
项目Items | H组Group H | L组 Group L |
---|---|---|
原料 Ingredients | ||
燕麦青干草 Oat hay (%) | 35.00 | 15.00 |
燕麦青贮 Oat silage (%) | 35.00 | 15.00 |
玉米 Corn (%) | 16.14 | 40.05 |
菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal (%) | 2.28 | 14.13 |
棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (%) | 2.22 | 6.39 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 2.16 | 2.23 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.80 | 0.80 |
石粉 Limestone (%) | 0.80 | 0.80 |
小苏打 NaHCO3 (%) | 0.10 | 0.10 |
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 (%) | 0.50 | 0.50 |
预混料 Premix1)(%) | 5.00 | 5.00 |
合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平Nutrient levels 2) | ||
消化能 Digestive energy (DE, MJ.kg-1) | 12.58 | 12.65 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %) | 13.78 | 13.86 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fibre (NDF, %) | 46.14 | 26.33 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 29.17 | 16.15 |
钙 Calcium (Ca, %) | 0.95 | 1.02 |
磷 Phosphorus (P, %) | 0.41 | 0.53 |
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平
Table 1 Basal diet composition and nutrient
项目Items | H组Group H | L组 Group L |
---|---|---|
原料 Ingredients | ||
燕麦青干草 Oat hay (%) | 35.00 | 15.00 |
燕麦青贮 Oat silage (%) | 35.00 | 15.00 |
玉米 Corn (%) | 16.14 | 40.05 |
菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal (%) | 2.28 | 14.13 |
棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal (%) | 2.22 | 6.39 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 2.16 | 2.23 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.80 | 0.80 |
石粉 Limestone (%) | 0.80 | 0.80 |
小苏打 NaHCO3 (%) | 0.10 | 0.10 |
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 (%) | 0.50 | 0.50 |
预混料 Premix1)(%) | 5.00 | 5.00 |
合计 Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平Nutrient levels 2) | ||
消化能 Digestive energy (DE, MJ.kg-1) | 12.58 | 12.65 |
粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP, %) | 13.78 | 13.86 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fibre (NDF, %) | 46.14 | 26.33 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 29.17 | 16.15 |
钙 Calcium (Ca, %) | 0.95 | 1.02 |
磷 Phosphorus (P, %) | 0.41 | 0.53 |
Sequence of primer | GenBank 登录号 GenBank accession No. | 退火温度 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
MyHC Ⅰ | XM-004010325.3 | |||
MyHC Ⅱa | XM-012122422.2 | |||
MyHC Ⅱb | XM-027974884.1 | |||
MyHC Ⅱx | XM-004012706.4 | |||
β-actin | F:GAGCGCAAGTACTCCGTGTG R:CATTTGCGGTGGACGATG | NM-001009784.1 |
表2 实时定量PCR引物
Table 2 Primer sequences used for real-time PCR
Sequence of primer | GenBank 登录号 GenBank accession No. | 退火温度 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
MyHC Ⅰ | XM-004010325.3 | |||
MyHC Ⅱa | XM-012122422.2 | |||
MyHC Ⅱb | XM-027974884.1 | |||
MyHC Ⅱx | XM-004012706.4 | |||
β-actin | F:GAGCGCAAGTACTCCGTGTG R:CATTTGCGGTGGACGATG | NM-001009784.1 |
P值 P value | |||
---|---|---|---|
L组 Group L | H组 Group H | ||
体躯指数Tagma index | 115.48±3.06a | 101.03±6.78b | 0.039 |
体长指数 Body length index | 99.44±4.25 | 87.66±2.03 | 0.098 |
胸围指数 Heart girth index | 112.80±5.03 | 100.55±7.26 | 0.071 |
表3 不同NDF饲粮对黑藏羊体尺指数的影响
Table 3 Effects of different NDF diets on body size index of black Tibetan sheep (%)
P值 P value | |||
---|---|---|---|
L组 Group L | H组 Group H | ||
体躯指数Tagma index | 115.48±3.06a | 101.03±6.78b | 0.039 |
体长指数 Body length index | 99.44±4.25 | 87.66±2.03 | 0.098 |
胸围指数 Heart girth index | 112.80±5.03 | 100.55±7.26 | 0.071 |
图2 不同NDF饲粮下黑藏羊肌纤维的直径、横截面积和密度*表示差异显著(P<0.05),ns表示差异不显著(P>0.05), 下同。* means significant differences (P<0.05), ns means no significant difference (P>0.05), the same below.
Fig.2 Muscle fiber diameter, cross-sectional area and density of black Tibetan sheep in different NDF diets
P值 P value | |||
---|---|---|---|
L组 Group L | H组 Group H | ||
Ⅰ | 9.11±1.36 | 10.68±1.05 | 0.058 |
Ⅱa | 23.71±4.62b | 30.57±5.11a | 0.017 |
67.18±7.02 | 58.75±6.84 | 0.061 |
表4 不同NDF饲粮对黑藏羊肌纤维数量比例的影响
Table 4 Effects of different NDF diets on the proportion of muscle fiber in black Tibetan sheep (%)
P值 P value | |||
---|---|---|---|
L组 Group L | H组 Group H | ||
Ⅰ | 9.11±1.36 | 10.68±1.05 | 0.058 |
Ⅱa | 23.71±4.62b | 30.57±5.11a | 0.017 |
67.18±7.02 | 58.75±6.84 | 0.061 |
P值 P value | |||
---|---|---|---|
L组 Group L | H组 Group H | ||
Ⅰ | 2.95±0.43b | 3.87±0.51a | 0.036 |
Ⅱa | 5.84±0.67b | 9.74±1.02a | 0.025 |
91.21±8.83 | 86.39±8.06 | 0.078 |
表5 不同NDF饲粮对黑藏羊肌纤维面积比例的影响
Table 5 Effects of different NDF diets on the area of muscle fiber in black Tibetan sheep (%)
P值 P value | |||
---|---|---|---|
L组 Group L | H组 Group H | ||
Ⅰ | 2.95±0.43b | 3.87±0.51a | 0.036 |
Ⅱa | 5.84±0.67b | 9.74±1.02a | 0.025 |
91.21±8.83 | 86.39±8.06 | 0.078 |
P值 P value | |||
---|---|---|---|
L组 Group L | H组 Group H | ||
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD (ng·mL-1) | 15.37±0.86 | 15.83±0.94 | 0.466 |
过氧化氢酶 CAT (ng·mL-1) | 153.86±4.42 | 155.53±5.51 | 0.653 |
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px (pg·mL-1) | 277.64±10.01 | 308.07±20.92 | 0.117 |
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC (U·mL-1) | 15.87±1.35b | 19.53±2.03a | 0.041 |
丙二醛 MDA (nmol·mL-1) | 6.43±0.80 | 6.22±0.25 | 0.256 |
表6 不同NDF饲粮对黑藏羊肌肉抗氧化能力的影响
Table 6 Effects of different NDF diets on muscle antioxidant capacity of black Tibetan sheep
P值 P value | |||
---|---|---|---|
L组 Group L | H组 Group H | ||
超氧化物歧化酶 SOD (ng·mL-1) | 15.37±0.86 | 15.83±0.94 | 0.466 |
过氧化氢酶 CAT (ng·mL-1) | 153.86±4.42 | 155.53±5.51 | 0.653 |
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px (pg·mL-1) | 277.64±10.01 | 308.07±20.92 | 0.117 |
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC (U·mL-1) | 15.87±1.35b | 19.53±2.03a | 0.041 |
丙二醛 MDA (nmol·mL-1) | 6.43±0.80 | 6.22±0.25 | 0.256 |
P值 P value | |||
---|---|---|---|
L组 Group L | H组 Group H | ||
pH | 6.02±0.08 | 6.26±0.21 | 0.102 |
亮度Lightness (L*) | 27.42±2.65 | 24.67±1.68 | 0.089 |
红度Redness (a*) | 9.88±2.04b | 14.15±3.61a | 0.017 |
黄度Yellowness (b*) | 5.80±0.32 | 5.11±0.63 | 0.095 |
剪切力 Shear force (N) | 44.02±5.23a | 36.37±4.20b | 0.042 |
蒸煮损失 Cooking loss (%) | 38.87±7.12 | 36.28±3.69 | 0.059 |
表7 不同NDF饲粮对黑藏羊肌肉食用品质的影响
Table 7 Effects of different NDF diets on muscle dietary quality of black Tibetan sheep
P值 P value | |||
---|---|---|---|
L组 Group L | H组 Group H | ||
pH | 6.02±0.08 | 6.26±0.21 | 0.102 |
亮度Lightness (L*) | 27.42±2.65 | 24.67±1.68 | 0.089 |
红度Redness (a*) | 9.88±2.04b | 14.15±3.61a | 0.017 |
黄度Yellowness (b*) | 5.80±0.32 | 5.11±0.63 | 0.095 |
剪切力 Shear force (N) | 44.02±5.23a | 36.37±4.20b | 0.042 |
蒸煮损失 Cooking loss (%) | 38.87±7.12 | 36.28±3.69 | 0.059 |
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