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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 34-46.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021266

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

高寒草地小型土壤节肢动物群落特征及其对草地退化的指示作用

周磊(), 魏雪, 王长庭(), 吴鹏飞()   

  1. 西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-05 修回日期:2021-09-13 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 王长庭,吴鹏飞
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: wupf@swun.edu.cnctwang@swun.edu.cn
    周磊(1994-),男,湖北襄阳人,在读硕士。E-mail: 727013894@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302);国家自然科学基金项目(41971064);西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目(CX2020SZ26)

Differences in soil microarthropod community structure in alpine grasslands with differing degrees of degradation

Lei ZHOU(), Xue WEI, Chang-ting WANG(), Peng-fei WU()   

  1. Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China
  • Received:2021-07-05 Revised:2021-09-13 Online:2022-03-20 Published:2022-01-15
  • Contact: Chang-ting WANG,Peng-fei WU

摘要:

小型土壤节肢动物是草地生态系统的重要组成部分,并对环境变化具有高度敏感性。为了查明小型土壤节肢动物群落对高寒草地退化的响应及其在退化过程中的指示作用,在川西北地区选取了未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化的高寒草地,于2019和2020年的7月对小型土壤节肢动物群落进行调查。采集各样地0~20 cm的土样,用干漏斗法(Tullgren法)分离小型土壤节肢动物。结果为:1)小型土壤节肢动物群落组成结构和优势类群在不同退化阶段高寒草地间存在差异,群落密度、类群数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均随退化程度加重呈先增加后下降的趋势(P<0.01),而Simpson优势度指数则先下降后上升(P<0.01);2)不同类群的小型土壤节肢动物对退化的响应不同,随高寒草地退化程度的加重,螨类密度持续降低(P<0.01),而跳虫密度则呈先增加后下降的趋势(P<0.01),表明高寒草地退化对螨类具有持续抑制作用,而对跳虫则是先促进后抑制;3)土壤有机碳(SOC)、湿度、全氮(TN)、pH、碳氮比(C/N),以及植物的群落高度和物种数是影响小型土壤节肢动物群落密度及多样性的主要因子(P<0.001, 0.01或0.05),其中土壤容重、SOC、TN、C/N和pH对螨类数量有显著影响(P<0.001, 0.01或0.05),而各因子对跳虫均无显著影响(P>0.05)。研究表明,小型土壤节肢动物群落的组成结构、密度及多样性对高寒草地响应敏感,并受土壤等环境因子影响;而螨类密度在退化过程中持续下降,可以用作高寒草地退化的指示生物。

关键词: 小型土壤节肢动物, 高寒草地, 退化, 川西北

Abstract:

Soil microarthropod communities are an important component of grassland ecosystems and community structures are highly sensitive to environmental changes. This study aimed to characterize the changes in soil microarthropod communities associated with alpine grassland degradation and to make tentative deductions on the roles of microarthropods in the process of degradation. Four alpine grasslands in Northwest Sichuan, comprising a degradation series including non-degraded, lightly degraded, moderately degraded and severely degraded grasslands, were selected for study and the soil microarthropod communities within the 0-20 cm soil layer were investigated in July 2019 and July 2020. Soil microarthropods were extracted from the soil samples for 48 h at 38 ℃ using the Tullgren method in the laboratory. It was found that: 1) The taxonomic composition and dominant taxonomic groups of soil microarthropod communities differed among the four different degradation stages. With increasing degradation, the density, number of taxonomic groups and Shannon diversity index of soil microarthropod communities initially increased then decreased (P<0.01), while Simpson index initially decreased then increased (P<0.01). 2) Different groups of soil microarthropods responded variously to degradation. The abundance of mites decreased steadily with each increase in alpine grassland degradation (P<0.01), while the abundance of Collembola increased from non-degraded to moderately grassland but was decreased in severely degraded grasslands (P<0.01). 3) The density and diversity of soil microarthropods were significantly correlated with soil environmental factors such as soil organic carbon, humidity, total N, pH, C/N ratio, height and species number of plant communities (P<0.001, 0.01 or 0.05). The mite abundance differed significantly with differences in soil bulk density, soil organic carbon, total N, C/N ratio and pH (P<0.001, 0.01 or 0.05), but none of these factors was significantly linked to change in the Collembola abundance (P>0.05). The results indicate that the degradation of alpine grasslands affects the taxonomic composition, density and diversity of soil microarthropod communities mainly through soil environmental factors, and the abundance of mites can be used to monitor the degree of degradation of alpine grasslands.

Key words: soil microarthropod, alpine grassland, degradation, Northwest Sichuan