草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 180-189.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022354
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2022-08-31
修回日期:
2022-10-10
出版日期:
2023-05-20
发布日期:
2023-03-20
通讯作者:
刘秦华
作者简介:
E-mail: liuqinhua@njau.edu.cn基金资助:
Meng-qi LIANG(), Qi-feng WU, Tao SHAO, Ai-li WU, Qin-hua LIU()
Received:
2022-08-31
Revised:
2022-10-10
Online:
2023-05-20
Published:
2023-03-20
Contact:
Qin-hua LIU
摘要:
为提高多花黑麦草青贮发酵品质,减少α-生育酚、β-胡萝卜素含量损失,以无添加为对照,研究了添加剂:0.4%丙酸(PA)、植物乳杆菌(LP)、环状芽孢杆菌(BC)、植物乳杆菌和环状芽孢杆菌菌株混合添加(LP+BC)对青贮发酵品质、α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素的影响,在青贮3、7、35和70 d后开窖取样,检测发酵品质、营养成分、α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素含量。结果表明:添加剂对多花黑麦草发酵品质有显著影响(P<0.05),LP+BC组提高青贮发酵品质的效果最好,其次为LP组。青贮70 d后,与对照组相比,添加剂组均降低了饲料的pH,且pH都在4.0以下。LP、BC和LP+BC组提高了乳酸含量和乳酸乙酸比(P<0.05);PA组在青贮初期抑制了乳酸发酵,后期提高了青贮发酵品质,但提高效果不如其余3种添加剂。在各个青贮时期,PA组的α-生育酚含量均显著高于其余4组(P<0.05);在青贮35和70 d时,除PA组外,LP组α-生育酚含量最高(P<0.05)。青贮7 d后,各添加剂组β-胡萝卜素含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),LP组在青贮7和35 d时β-胡萝卜素含量最高(P<0.05)。综上所述,LP组处理下多花黑麦草青贮发酵品质良好且减少了α-生育酚含量损失,增加了β-胡萝卜素含量。
梁梦琪, 武齐丰, 邵涛, 吴艾丽, 刘秦华. 添加剂对多花黑麦草青贮发酵品质、α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素含量的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(5): 180-189.
Meng-qi LIANG, Qi-feng WU, Tao SHAO, Ai-li WU, Qin-hua LIU. Effects of additives on the fermentation quality and α-tocopherol and β-carotene contents in Italian ryegrass silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(5): 180-189.
项目Items | 含量Content |
---|---|
pH | 6.07 |
缓冲能Buffering capacity (mEq·kg-1 DM) | 49.2 |
干物质Dry matter (g·kg-1 FW) | 302 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (g·kg-1 DM) | 7.23 |
水溶性碳水化合物Water soluble carbohydrates (g·kg-1 DM) | 233 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fibre (g·kg-1 DM) | 556 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fibre (g·kg-1 DM) | 306 |
酸性洗涤木质素Acid detergent lignin (g·kg-1 DM) | 57.4 |
乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 6.87 |
好氧性细菌Aerobic bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 7.35 |
酵母菌Yeasts (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 6.40 |
霉菌Mold (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | <1.00 |
α-生育酚α-tocopherol (mg·kg-1 DM) | 15.3 |
β-胡萝卜素β-carotene (mg·kg-1 DM) | 57.4 |
表1 青贮前多花黑麦草化学和微生物组成
Table 1 Chemical and microbial compositions ofItalian ryegrass before silage
项目Items | 含量Content |
---|---|
pH | 6.07 |
缓冲能Buffering capacity (mEq·kg-1 DM) | 49.2 |
干物质Dry matter (g·kg-1 FW) | 302 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (g·kg-1 DM) | 7.23 |
水溶性碳水化合物Water soluble carbohydrates (g·kg-1 DM) | 233 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fibre (g·kg-1 DM) | 556 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fibre (g·kg-1 DM) | 306 |
酸性洗涤木质素Acid detergent lignin (g·kg-1 DM) | 57.4 |
乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 6.87 |
好氧性细菌Aerobic bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 7.35 |
酵母菌Yeasts (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 6.40 |
霉菌Mold (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | <1.00 |
α-生育酚α-tocopherol (mg·kg-1 DM) | 15.3 |
β-胡萝卜素β-carotene (mg·kg-1 DM) | 57.4 |
青贮时间 Ensiling time (d) | 添加剂 Additive | pH | 乳酸 Lactic acid (g·kg-1 DM) | 乙酸 Acetic acid (g·kg-1 DM) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (g·kg-1 DM) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (g·kg-1 DM) | 乙醇 Ethanol (g·kg-1 DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | CK | 4.79a | 78.0jkl | 6.76g | 2.83cde | 9.31defg | 0.016 |
PA | 4.84a | 71.1kl | 8.21fg | 16.08a | 5.75efg | 0.012 | |
LP | 4.18c | 126.2fgh | 8.63efg | 2.72cde | 6.51efg | 0.020 | |
BC | 4.19c | 106.9ghij | 6.87fg | 2.78cde | 7.79efg | 0.003 | |
LP+BC | 4.07d | 138.6defg | 8.22fg | 2.73cde | 7.55efg | ND | |
7 | CK | 4.46b | 97.3hijk | 7.86fg | 2.02cde | 12.18cd | 0.040 |
PA | 4.54b | 82.9ijkl | 9.43defg | 17.15a | 8.80defg | 0.053 | |
LP | 3.90efg | 162.7cde | 10.17cdefg | 1.83de | 8.20defg | 0.003 | |
BC | 3.85g | 168.8bcd | 8.72efg | 2.25cde | 8.38defg | ND | |
LP+BC | 3.87fg | 157.3cdef | 8.75efg | 1.80de | 8.76defg | 0.038 | |
35 | CK | 3.98def | 124.6gh | 13.52abc | 1.39e | 18.03a | 0.012 |
PA | 3.93efg | 127.2fgh | 16.99a | 15.46a | 13.67bc | ND | |
LP | 3.58ij | 197.1ab | 12.43cde | 4.16c | 8.05defg | ND | |
BC | 3.74h | 185.2bc | 10.33cdefg | 4.05cd | 9.54def | 0.007 | |
LP+BC | 3.55j | 183.3bc | 10.91cdef | 2.73cde | 7.75efg | 0.038 | |
70 | CK | 4.25c | 61.0l | 6.35g | 1.16e | 16.49ab | 0.006 |
PA | 4.00de | 110.7ghi | 16.30ab | 11.24b | 10.08cde | 0.006 | |
LP | 3.71h | 130.6fg | 9.09efg | 2.18cde | 5.58fg | 0.037 | |
BC | 3.71h | 135.1efg | 8.25fg | 2.77cde | 4.93g | 0.025 | |
LP+BC | 3.68hi | 217.3a | 13.06bcd | 3.19cde | 8.99defg | 0.007 | |
青贮时间Ensiling time (d) | |||||||
3 | 4.41a | 104.2c | 7.74c | 5.43a | 7.38b | 0.010 | |
7 | 4.12b | 133.8b | 8.98bc | 5.01a | 9.26ab | 0.027 | |
35 | 3.76c | 163.5a | 12.84a | 5.56a | 11.41a | 0.011 | |
70 | 3.87c | 130.9b | 10.61b | 4.11b | 9.22ab | 0.016 | |
添加剂Additive | |||||||
CK | 4.37a | 90.2c | 8.62b | 1.85b | 14.00a | 0.018 | |
PA | 4.33a | 97.9c | 12.73a | 14.98a | 9.58b | 0.018 | |
LP | 3.85b | 154.2ab | 10.08b | 2.72b | 7.08b | 0.015 | |
BC | 3.87b | 148.9b | 8.54b | 2.96b | 7.67b | 0.009 | |
LP+BC | 3.79b | 174.1a | 10.24b | 2.61b | 8.27b | 0.021 | |
标准误Standard error | 0.04 | 5.16 | 0.40 | 0.59 | 0.45 | 0.472 | |
显著性Significance | |||||||
添加剂Additive | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.785 | |
青贮时间Ensiling time | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.255 | |
交互作用Interaction | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.110 |
表2 添加剂和青贮时间对多花黑麦草pH和有机酸含量的影响
Table 2 Effects of additive and ensiling time on the pH and organic acid content of Italian ryegrass silage
青贮时间 Ensiling time (d) | 添加剂 Additive | pH | 乳酸 Lactic acid (g·kg-1 DM) | 乙酸 Acetic acid (g·kg-1 DM) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (g·kg-1 DM) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (g·kg-1 DM) | 乙醇 Ethanol (g·kg-1 DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | CK | 4.79a | 78.0jkl | 6.76g | 2.83cde | 9.31defg | 0.016 |
PA | 4.84a | 71.1kl | 8.21fg | 16.08a | 5.75efg | 0.012 | |
LP | 4.18c | 126.2fgh | 8.63efg | 2.72cde | 6.51efg | 0.020 | |
BC | 4.19c | 106.9ghij | 6.87fg | 2.78cde | 7.79efg | 0.003 | |
LP+BC | 4.07d | 138.6defg | 8.22fg | 2.73cde | 7.55efg | ND | |
7 | CK | 4.46b | 97.3hijk | 7.86fg | 2.02cde | 12.18cd | 0.040 |
PA | 4.54b | 82.9ijkl | 9.43defg | 17.15a | 8.80defg | 0.053 | |
LP | 3.90efg | 162.7cde | 10.17cdefg | 1.83de | 8.20defg | 0.003 | |
BC | 3.85g | 168.8bcd | 8.72efg | 2.25cde | 8.38defg | ND | |
LP+BC | 3.87fg | 157.3cdef | 8.75efg | 1.80de | 8.76defg | 0.038 | |
35 | CK | 3.98def | 124.6gh | 13.52abc | 1.39e | 18.03a | 0.012 |
PA | 3.93efg | 127.2fgh | 16.99a | 15.46a | 13.67bc | ND | |
LP | 3.58ij | 197.1ab | 12.43cde | 4.16c | 8.05defg | ND | |
BC | 3.74h | 185.2bc | 10.33cdefg | 4.05cd | 9.54def | 0.007 | |
LP+BC | 3.55j | 183.3bc | 10.91cdef | 2.73cde | 7.75efg | 0.038 | |
70 | CK | 4.25c | 61.0l | 6.35g | 1.16e | 16.49ab | 0.006 |
PA | 4.00de | 110.7ghi | 16.30ab | 11.24b | 10.08cde | 0.006 | |
LP | 3.71h | 130.6fg | 9.09efg | 2.18cde | 5.58fg | 0.037 | |
BC | 3.71h | 135.1efg | 8.25fg | 2.77cde | 4.93g | 0.025 | |
LP+BC | 3.68hi | 217.3a | 13.06bcd | 3.19cde | 8.99defg | 0.007 | |
青贮时间Ensiling time (d) | |||||||
3 | 4.41a | 104.2c | 7.74c | 5.43a | 7.38b | 0.010 | |
7 | 4.12b | 133.8b | 8.98bc | 5.01a | 9.26ab | 0.027 | |
35 | 3.76c | 163.5a | 12.84a | 5.56a | 11.41a | 0.011 | |
70 | 3.87c | 130.9b | 10.61b | 4.11b | 9.22ab | 0.016 | |
添加剂Additive | |||||||
CK | 4.37a | 90.2c | 8.62b | 1.85b | 14.00a | 0.018 | |
PA | 4.33a | 97.9c | 12.73a | 14.98a | 9.58b | 0.018 | |
LP | 3.85b | 154.2ab | 10.08b | 2.72b | 7.08b | 0.015 | |
BC | 3.87b | 148.9b | 8.54b | 2.96b | 7.67b | 0.009 | |
LP+BC | 3.79b | 174.1a | 10.24b | 2.61b | 8.27b | 0.021 | |
标准误Standard error | 0.04 | 5.16 | 0.40 | 0.59 | 0.45 | 0.472 | |
显著性Significance | |||||||
添加剂Additive | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.785 | |
青贮时间Ensiling time | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.255 | |
交互作用Interaction | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.110 |
青贮时间 Ensiling time (d) | 添加剂 Additive | 干物质 Dry matter (g·kg-1) | 氨态氮/总氮 Ammonia nitrogen/ total nitrogen (g·kg-1 N) | 乳酸/乙酸 Lactic acid/ acetic acid (LA/AA) |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 | CK | 278 | 58.4g | 11.71fgh |
PA | 286 | 83.9efg | 8.79hi | |
LP | 285 | 62.5g | 14.90cde | |
BC | 282 | 111.3cde | 15.57bcd | |
LP+BC | 276 | 162.4b | 16.97abcd | |
7 | CK | 275 | 152.4bc | 12.39efg |
PA | 285 | 202.8a | 8.96hi | |
LP | 281 | 154.4b | 16.41abcd | |
BC | 264 | 138.9bcd | 19.39a | |
LP+BC | 284 | 128.7bcd | 18.49ab | |
35 | CK | 283 | 87.1efg | 9.25hi |
PA | 285 | 134.2bcd | 7.50i | |
LP | 283 | 105.5def | 16.07bcd | |
BC | 286 | 106.3def | 18.00abc | |
LP+BC | 284 | 67.0fg | 16.97abcd | |
70 | CK | 280 | 131.3bcd | 9.86ghi |
PA | 285 | 168.5ab | 6.89i | |
LP | 283 | 73.1efg | 14.27def | |
BC | 285 | 141.0bcd | 16.87abcd | |
LP+BC | 284 | 149.7bc | 16.64abcd | |
青贮时间 Ensiling time (d) | ||||
3 | 282 | 95.7c | 13.59b | |
7 | 278 | 155.5a | 15.13a | |
35 | 284 | 100.0c | 13.56b | |
70 | 283 | 132.8b | 12.91b | |
添加剂 Additive | ||||
CK | 279 | 107.3cd | 10.80c | |
PA | 285 | 147.4a | 8.04d | |
LP | 283 | 99.0d | 15.41b | |
BC | 279 | 121.7bc | 17.46a | |
LP+BC | 282 | 124.4b | 17.27a | |
标准误Standard error | 1.10 | 5.08 | 0.25 | |
显著性Significance | ||||
添加剂Additive | 0.322 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
青贮时间Ensiling time | 0.204 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
交互作用Interaction | 0.509 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
表3 添加剂和青贮时间对多花黑麦草干物质、氨态氮/总氮和乳酸/乙酸的影响
Table 3 Effects of additive and ensiling time on the dry matter, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen and lactic acid/acetic acid of Italian ryegrass silage
青贮时间 Ensiling time (d) | 添加剂 Additive | 干物质 Dry matter (g·kg-1) | 氨态氮/总氮 Ammonia nitrogen/ total nitrogen (g·kg-1 N) | 乳酸/乙酸 Lactic acid/ acetic acid (LA/AA) |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 | CK | 278 | 58.4g | 11.71fgh |
PA | 286 | 83.9efg | 8.79hi | |
LP | 285 | 62.5g | 14.90cde | |
BC | 282 | 111.3cde | 15.57bcd | |
LP+BC | 276 | 162.4b | 16.97abcd | |
7 | CK | 275 | 152.4bc | 12.39efg |
PA | 285 | 202.8a | 8.96hi | |
LP | 281 | 154.4b | 16.41abcd | |
BC | 264 | 138.9bcd | 19.39a | |
LP+BC | 284 | 128.7bcd | 18.49ab | |
35 | CK | 283 | 87.1efg | 9.25hi |
PA | 285 | 134.2bcd | 7.50i | |
LP | 283 | 105.5def | 16.07bcd | |
BC | 286 | 106.3def | 18.00abc | |
LP+BC | 284 | 67.0fg | 16.97abcd | |
70 | CK | 280 | 131.3bcd | 9.86ghi |
PA | 285 | 168.5ab | 6.89i | |
LP | 283 | 73.1efg | 14.27def | |
BC | 285 | 141.0bcd | 16.87abcd | |
LP+BC | 284 | 149.7bc | 16.64abcd | |
青贮时间 Ensiling time (d) | ||||
3 | 282 | 95.7c | 13.59b | |
7 | 278 | 155.5a | 15.13a | |
35 | 284 | 100.0c | 13.56b | |
70 | 283 | 132.8b | 12.91b | |
添加剂 Additive | ||||
CK | 279 | 107.3cd | 10.80c | |
PA | 285 | 147.4a | 8.04d | |
LP | 283 | 99.0d | 15.41b | |
BC | 279 | 121.7bc | 17.46a | |
LP+BC | 282 | 124.4b | 17.27a | |
标准误Standard error | 1.10 | 5.08 | 0.25 | |
显著性Significance | ||||
添加剂Additive | 0.322 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
青贮时间Ensiling time | 0.204 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
交互作用Interaction | 0.509 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
青贮时间 Ensiling time (d) | 添加剂 Additive | 好氧性细菌 Aerobic bacteria | 酵母菌 Yeasts | 霉菌 Mold | 乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | CK | 6.71a | <3.00g | <3.00b | 9.25ab |
PA | 6.52ab | <3.00g | 4.68a | 9.48ab | |
LP | 6.19b | 4.75efg | 4.68a | 9.36ab | |
BC | 6.37ab | 6.31a | <3.00b | 9.33ab | |
LP+BC | 6.54ab | 4.81efg | <3.00b | 9.48ab | |
7 | CK | 6.73a | 5.60bcd | <3.00b | 9.39ab |
PA | 6.62a | 5.06defg | 4.68a | 9.60a | |
LP | 4.83d | 4.68fg | <3.00b | 9.37ab | |
BC | 6.36ab | 5.32cde | 4.72a | 9.10b | |
LP+BC | 4.93d | 4.68fg | <3.00b | 9.14ab | |
35 | CK | 5.51c | 5.88abc | <3.00b | 8.34cd |
PA | 5.65c | 5.52bcd | <3.00b | 8.60c | |
LP | 5.44c | 5.73bc | 4.75a | 9.22ab | |
BC | 5.55c | 5.49bcd | <3.00b | 9.15ab | |
LP+BC | 4.90d | 5.94ab | <3.00b | 9.19ab | |
70 | CK | 4.87d | 4.68fg | 4.68a | 7.92de |
PA | 4.79d | 4.62g | <3.00b | 8.08d | |
LP | 4.72d | 5.00defg | <3.00b | 7.60e | |
BC | 4.60d | 5.04defg | <3.00b | 7.53e | |
LP+BC | 4.87d | 5.28cdef | <3.00b | 7.60e | |
青贮时间 Ensiling time(d) | |||||
3 | 6.47a | 5.02b | 3.43a | 9.38a | |
7 | 5.89b | 5.07b | 3.44a | 9.32a | |
35 | 5.41c | 5.71a | 3.03b | 8.90b | |
70 | 4.77d | 4.92b | 3.02c | 7.75c | |
添加剂 Additive | |||||
CK | 5.95a | 5.19b | 3.12b | 8.72 | |
PA | 5.90ab | 4.95b | 3.64a | 8.94 | |
LP | 5.29c | 5.04b | 3.66a | 8.89 | |
BC | 5.72b | 5.54a | 3.13b | 8.78 | |
LP+BC | 5.31c | 5.18b | <3.00c | 8.85 | |
标准误Standard error | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.08 | |
显著性Significance | |||||
添加剂Additive | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.247 | |
青贮时间Ensiling time | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
交互作用Interaction | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
表4 添加剂和青贮时间对多花黑麦草微生物组成的影响
Table 4 Effects of additive and ensiling time on the microbial composition of Italian ryegrass silage (lg cfu·g-1 FW)
青贮时间 Ensiling time (d) | 添加剂 Additive | 好氧性细菌 Aerobic bacteria | 酵母菌 Yeasts | 霉菌 Mold | 乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | CK | 6.71a | <3.00g | <3.00b | 9.25ab |
PA | 6.52ab | <3.00g | 4.68a | 9.48ab | |
LP | 6.19b | 4.75efg | 4.68a | 9.36ab | |
BC | 6.37ab | 6.31a | <3.00b | 9.33ab | |
LP+BC | 6.54ab | 4.81efg | <3.00b | 9.48ab | |
7 | CK | 6.73a | 5.60bcd | <3.00b | 9.39ab |
PA | 6.62a | 5.06defg | 4.68a | 9.60a | |
LP | 4.83d | 4.68fg | <3.00b | 9.37ab | |
BC | 6.36ab | 5.32cde | 4.72a | 9.10b | |
LP+BC | 4.93d | 4.68fg | <3.00b | 9.14ab | |
35 | CK | 5.51c | 5.88abc | <3.00b | 8.34cd |
PA | 5.65c | 5.52bcd | <3.00b | 8.60c | |
LP | 5.44c | 5.73bc | 4.75a | 9.22ab | |
BC | 5.55c | 5.49bcd | <3.00b | 9.15ab | |
LP+BC | 4.90d | 5.94ab | <3.00b | 9.19ab | |
70 | CK | 4.87d | 4.68fg | 4.68a | 7.92de |
PA | 4.79d | 4.62g | <3.00b | 8.08d | |
LP | 4.72d | 5.00defg | <3.00b | 7.60e | |
BC | 4.60d | 5.04defg | <3.00b | 7.53e | |
LP+BC | 4.87d | 5.28cdef | <3.00b | 7.60e | |
青贮时间 Ensiling time(d) | |||||
3 | 6.47a | 5.02b | 3.43a | 9.38a | |
7 | 5.89b | 5.07b | 3.44a | 9.32a | |
35 | 5.41c | 5.71a | 3.03b | 8.90b | |
70 | 4.77d | 4.92b | 3.02c | 7.75c | |
添加剂 Additive | |||||
CK | 5.95a | 5.19b | 3.12b | 8.72 | |
PA | 5.90ab | 4.95b | 3.64a | 8.94 | |
LP | 5.29c | 5.04b | 3.66a | 8.89 | |
BC | 5.72b | 5.54a | 3.13b | 8.78 | |
LP+BC | 5.31c | 5.18b | <3.00c | 8.85 | |
标准误Standard error | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.08 | |
显著性Significance | |||||
添加剂Additive | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.247 | |
青贮时间Ensiling time | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
交互作用Interaction | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
图1 添加剂和青贮时间对多花黑麦草青贮饲料水溶性碳水化合物含量的影响CK: 无添加No addition; PA: 0.4%丙酸0.4% propionic acid; LP: 植物乳杆菌L. plantarum B11; BC: 环状芽孢杆菌B. circulans 12; LP+BC: 植物乳杆菌及环状芽孢杆菌L. plantarum B11 and B. circulans 12. 不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05). A: 添加剂Additive; T: 贮藏时间Ensiling time; A×T: 添加剂和贮藏时间交互作用Interaction between additive and ensiling time. 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Effects of additive and ensiling time on the water-soluble carbohydrates content of Italian ryegrass silage
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