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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 212-222.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024294

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

燕麦干草与燕麦草块对绵羊瘤胃发酵及微生物组成影响的比较分析

韩航琪1,2(), 王梓凡1, 丁赫1,2, 陈玉荣3, 王琦3, 张晓庆1,2()   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院草原研究所，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
    2.北方农牧业技术创新中心，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
    3.内蒙古兴安盟农牧科学研究所，内蒙古 乌兰浩特 137400
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-23 修回日期:2024-09-12 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 张晓庆
  • 作者简介:E-mail： zhangxiaoqing@caas.cn
    韩航琪（2001-），男，山西吕梁人，在读硕士。E-mail： 996760663@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    呼和浩特市科技创新领域人才项目（2023RC-产研院-7），“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(NMKJXM202401-05);兴安盟定向科技合作项目资助

Comparative analysis of effects of oat hay and oat cubes on rumen fermentation and microbial composition in sheep

Hang-qi HAN1,2(), Zi-fan WANG1, He DING1,2, Yu-rong CHEN3, Qi WANG3, Xiao-qing ZHANG1,2()   

  1. 1.Institute of Grassland Research，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Hohhot 010010，China
    2.Northern Agriculture and Livestock Husbandry Technology Innovation Center，Hohhot 010010，China
    3.Xing’an League Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science Research Institute，Ulanhot 137400，China
  • Received:2024-07-23 Revised:2024-09-12 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-03-20
  • Contact: Xiao-qing ZHANG

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摘要：

本试验旨在研究燕麦草块对绵羊瘤胃发酵及微生物组成的影响。选用12只1岁左右、体重相近的公羔羊，随机分为2个处理组。其中一组饲喂不经过任何加工的燕麦干草（OH组），另一组饲喂燕麦草块（OC组）。两组饲喂质量和数量均相同的商业羊用精饲料补充料。试验期60 d，其中预试期10 d，正试期50 d。结果表明：1）OC组干物质、粗蛋白质、中性和酸性洗涤纤维采食量均显著高于OH组（P≤0.05）。2）与OH组相比，OC组瘤胃pH、总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸和丙酸含量、乙酸/丙酸以及氨态氮浓度没有显著变化（P>0.05）。3）两处理组瘤胃细菌OTU数目和Chao1指数无显著差异（P>0.05），但OC组瘤胃细菌Shannon指数和Simpson指数显著高于OH组（P≤0.05）。4）在门水平瘤胃细菌组成上，两处理组均以拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门为优势菌门，但OC组的未命名细菌门、疣微菌门、浮霉菌门、圣诞岛盐菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、黏胶球形菌门和放线菌门相对丰度均显著高于OH组（P≤0.05），拟杆菌门相对丰度有显著增加的趋势（P=0.075）而其丝状杆菌门相对丰度有显著降低的趋势（P=0.096）；在属水平上，OC组的瘤胃未命名细菌属相对丰度显著高于OH组（P≤0.05），未命名黏胶球形菌属相对丰度有显著增加的趋势（P=0.071），而其丝状杆菌属相对丰度有显著降低的趋势（P=0.069）；在种水平上，OC组瘤胃普雷沃氏菌_sp._ lc2012相对丰度有显著高于OH组的趋势（P=0.065）。5）总挥发性脂肪酸与未命名细菌属（r=0.660，P=0.027）和细菌_P3（r=0.638，P=0.035）相对丰度呈显著正相关；乙酸与未命名普雷沃氏菌科（r=0.627，P=0.039）和Prevotellaceae_bacterium_MN60（r=0.752，P=0.008）相对丰度呈显著或极显著正相关，而与细菌_P3（r=-0.642，P=0.033）相对丰度呈显著负相关；丙酸与细菌_P3（r=0.647，P=0.031）相对丰度呈显著正相关；乙酸/丙酸与Prevotellaceae_bacterium_MN60（r=0.699，P=0.017）相对丰度呈显著正相关；氨态氮与另枝菌属（r=-0.752，P=0.008）相对丰度呈极显著负相关。综上所述，饲喂燕麦草块对绵羊瘤胃发酵没有不良影响，并且可以提高瘤胃菌群多样性和有益菌相对丰度，优化瘤胃微生物组成，适合在牛羊等反刍动物养殖中应用。

关键词: 燕麦, 干草, 草块, 绵羊, 发酵参数, 瘤胃微生物

Abstract:

This research aimed to investigate the effects of oat （Avena sativa） cubes， compared to oat hay， on rumen fermentation and microbial composition in sheep. Twelve one year old ram lambs with similar body weight were randomly divided into two treatment groups. One group was fed unprocessed oat hay （OH）， and the other group was fed oat cubes （OC）. The two groups were fed the same quantity of the respective commercial feeds at the same quality. The duration the experiment was 60 days， comprising a feed adaptation period of 10 days and a formal experiment period of 50 days. The results were as follows： 1） The intakes of dry matter， crude protein， neutral and acidic detergent fibers in the OC group were significantly higher than the OH group （P≤0.05）. 2） There were no significant differences in rumen pH， total volatile fatty acid， acetic acid and propionic acid contents； nor in the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen concentration between the two groups （P>0.05）. 3） There was no significant difference in the OTU number and Chao1 index of rumen bacteria between the two groups （P>0.05）， but the Shannon index and Simpson index of rumen bacteria were significantly higher in the OC group than in the OH group （P≤0.05）. 4） Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla of rumen bacteria in both treatment groups. However， the relative abundances of unidentified-bacteria， Verrucomicobacteria， Planctomycetes， Kiritimaitiellaeota， Acidobacteria， Chloroflexi， Lentiphaerae， and Actinobacteria in the OC group were significantly higher than in the OH group （P≤0.05）. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes tended to be significantly increased （P=0.075） and the relative abundance of Fibrobacteres tended to be significantly reduced in the OC group （P=0.096）. At the genus level for the OC group， there was a tendency to have significantly increased relative abundance （P=0.071） of unidentified taxa from the phylum Lentiphaerae and to have significantly decreased Fibrobacter relative abundance （P=0.069）； at the species level， compared with the OH group， the relative abundance of Prevotella_sp._1c2012 in the OC group showed an significantly increasing trend （P=0.065）. 5） The total volatile fatty acids were significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of the unidentified-bacteria species （r=0.660， P=0.027） and Bacterium_P3 （r=0.638， P=0.035）. There was a significant positive correlation between acetic acid and the relative abundance of unnamed Prevotellaceae （r=0.627， P=0.039） and Prevotellaceae_bacterium_MN60 （r=0.752， P=0.008）， but acetic acid was significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Bacterium_P3 （r=-0.642， P=0.033）. Propionic acid was significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Bacterium_P3 （r=0.647， P=0.031）， acetic acid∶propionic acid was significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae_bacterium_MN60 （r=0.699， P=0.017）； and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Alistipes （r=-0.752， P=0.008）. In summary， feeding oat cubes had no adverse effect on rumen fermentation of sheep， and increased the diversity of rumen microbiota and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria， optimized rumen microbial composition. These results are applicable to both sheep and cattle rearing.

Key words: oat, hay, cube, sheep, fermentation parameter, rumen microorganism

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