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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 14-26.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024286

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

祁连山国家公园高寒草地功能群多样性与生产力研究

罗顺华1(), 刘新宇2,3,4, 孟宝平5,6, 陈璇黎5,6, 胡仁杰5,6, 于红妍7, 王贤颖7, 张勃1(), 秦彧2,3,4()   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,冰冻圈科学与冻土工程全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    4.中国科学院大学,北京 101408
    5.南通大学地理科学学院,江苏 南通 226007
    6.南通大学脆弱生态环境研究所,江苏 南通 226007
    7.祁连山国家公园青海服务保障中心,青海 西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-17 修回日期:2024-08-08 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 张勃,秦彧
  • 作者简介:qiny@lzb.ac.cn
    Corresponding author. E-mail: zbsonny@163.com
    罗顺华(2001-),男,甘肃临夏人,在读硕士。E-mail: 2045517981@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42071139);甘肃省杰出青年基金(21JR7RA066);中国科学院西部之光“西部青年学者”项目(xbzglzb2022022);甘肃省科技创新人才计划-西部之光“西部青年学者”项目(23JR6KA009);甘肃省科技计划项目(22JR5RA367);南通市科技计划(JC12022061)

A study of functional group diversity and productivity of alpine grassland in Qilian Mountain National Park

Shun-hua LUO1(), Xin-yu LIU2,3,4, Bao-ping MENG5,6, Xuan-li CHEN5,6, Ren-jie HU5,6, Hong-yan YU7, Xian-ying WANG7, Bo ZHANG1(), Yu QIN2,3,4()   

  1. 1.College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China
    5.School of Geographic Sciences,Nantong University,Nantong 226007,China
    6.Institute of Fragile Eco-Environment,Nantong University,Nantong 226007,China
    7.Qinghai Service and Guarantee Center of Qilian Mountain National Park,Xining 810001,China
  • Received:2024-07-17 Revised:2024-08-08 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-04-03
  • Contact: Bo ZHANG,Yu QIN

摘要:

物种多样性是维持祁连山草地生态系统功能,进而保障祁连山生态屏障作用的基础。目前关于祁连山高寒草地植物功能群物种多样性与生产力维持机制的研究较为匮乏。本研究基于2023年7月中下旬在祁连山国家公园青海片区7种典型高寒草地的无人机航拍-地面协同调查,分析了不同高寒草地的植物群落特征,阐明了植物功能群物种丰富度和地上生物量的特性,揭示了功能群物种多样性对生产力的影响机制。结果表明:1)高寒荒漠植被高度显著高于其他类型草地,但是山地草甸植被盖度、物种丰富度和地上生物量在7种草地中最高,分别为91.73%、16种和179.19 g·m-2,高寒沼泽草甸的植株密度最高,达到了4111株·m-2。2)杂类草是多种高寒草地的主要功能群,在山地草甸中杂类草物种丰富度高达8种,约占其总物种丰富度的50%;高寒沼泽草甸中莎草科贡献了地上生物量总量的90%以上,但是在高寒草甸、高寒草甸草原、高寒草原呈现出莎草科逐渐减少而禾本科增多的特征;高寒荒漠和高寒荒漠草原仅有2~3种功能群,物种少且生产力较低。3)高寒草地群落和功能群物种丰富度与地上生物量的关系总体上呈正相关,表明维持高寒草地植物功能群物种多样性有利于生态系统生产力的提高。

关键词: 高寒草地, 功能群, 物种多样性, 生物量

Abstract:

Species diversity plays a vital role in maintaining ecosystem function of grasslands and the role of the Qilian Mountains as an ecological barrier. However, our understanding about the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem productivity and the mechanisms involved in maintaining that balance remain limited in this region. Using aerial photography by a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle and field sampling at seven typical alpine grassland sites in Qilian Mountain National Park in mid-to-late July 2023, we first analyzed the plant community composition of the seven alpine grassland sites, then evaluated the species richness and above-ground biomass of plant functional groups, and finally quantified the influence and mechanism of action of functional group species diversity on productivity. Results show that: 1) The vegetation height in alpine desert was significantly higher than in other grassland types. However, mountain meadow had the highest vegetation cover, species richness and aboveground biomass, with mean values of 91.73%, 16 species and 179.19 g·m-2, respectively. The plant density of alpine swamp meadow was the highest, being up to 4111 plants·m-2. 2) Forbs were found to be the main functional groups in most types of alpine grassland. In mountain meadows, the species richness of forbs was 8, which accounted for about 50% of the total species richness. The sedges contributed more than 90% of the total aboveground biomass in alpine swamp meadow, nevertheless, the sedges gradually decreased and the grasses increased in series represented by alpine meadow, alpine meadow steppe and alpine steppe grasslands. There were only 2-3 functional groups in alpine desert and alpine desert grassland, resulting in few species. Productivity was also low. 3) Species richness of community and functional groups positively correlated with aboveground biomass, indicating that maintaining plant functional group species diversity was conducive to improving ecosystem productivity.

Key words: alpine grassland, functional group, species diversity, biomass