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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 192-206.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025438

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

钼硅硼添加对同德短芒披碱草光合生理的影响及生长综合评价

马祖艳1,2(), 董世魁1,2(), 李颖2, 张然2, 土旦加3, 吴桂玲4, 施建军1, 史德军3   

  1. 1.青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁 810016
    2.北京林业大学草业与草原学院,北京 100083
    3.青海省草原改良试验站,青海 西宁 810016
    4.青海大学三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海 西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-21 修回日期:2025-12-17 出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 董世魁
  • 作者简介:E-mail: dongshikui@bjfu.edu.cn
    马祖艳(1997-),女,云南弥勒人,在读博士。E-mail: malbaixxi@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1304303);国家自然科学基金项目(32361143870)

Effects of molybdenum, silicon, and boron addition on the photosynthetic physiology of Elymus breviaristatus and a multivariate evaluation of growth performance

Zu-yan MA1,2(), Shi-kui DONG1,2(), Yin LI2, Ran ZHANG2, Dan-jia TU3, Gui-ling WU4, Jian-jun SHI1, De-jun SHI3   

  1. 1.Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2.School of Grassland Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
    3.Qinghai Province Grassland Improvement Experimental Station,Xining 810016,China
    4.Qinghai University,State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Animal Husbandry,Xining 810001,China
  • Received:2025-10-21 Revised:2025-12-17 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-09-09
  • Contact: Shi-kui DONG

摘要:

青藏高原地区海拔高,低温、干旱与强紫外线辐射等严苛环境因子,严重制约牧草生长。在持续恢复的草地上,适用于退化草地生态修复的优良牧草-同德短芒披碱草出现了减产现象。常规施肥策略已难以满足其生长需求,添加微量元素对维持其稳产、高产可能具有关键作用。本研究通过叶面喷施钼[钼酸铵(NH?)?MoO?:0.15、0.30、0.45 g·L?1]、硅(亲水型纳米二氧化硅SiO?NPs:0.10、0.20、0.40 g·L?1)和硼(硼酸H?BO?:0.15、0.30、0.45 g·L?1)3种微量元素开展盆栽试验。结果表明:3种元素均显著提升株高与地上部干重(P<0.05),其中0.30 g·L-1钼处理株高增幅为34.56%,根长在0.30 g·L-1钼与0.10 g·L-1硅处理下分别增加59.86%和79.53%。同时,钼、硅添加显著提高了植物的光合能力,其中0.40 g·L-1硅处理下净光合速率增幅达111.53%;0.30 g·L-1钼处理下叶绿素a、b含量分别提升46.00%和54.32%,而硼抑制叶绿素a积累。0.30 g·L-1钼处理下,分别增强了抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质积累,过氧化物酶活性提升231.10%,可溶性糖含量增幅为201.48%;硅、硼对酶活性和碳水化合物的调控呈浓度依赖性。主成分分析(前4个主成分累积贡献率为77.66%)结合隶属函数法确定0.45 g·L?1钼处理(综合评价D=0.701)抗逆性最优,其通过协同根系发育-光合-抗氧化通路提升碳同化效率,证实钼为高寒牧草抗逆性调控的关键元素,为退化草地精准修复提供理论依据。

关键词: 钼, 硅, 硼, 形态, 光合, 生理, 综合评价

Abstract:

The harsh environment of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, characterized by high elevation, low temperature, drought, and intense ultraviolet radiation, severely limits forage grass growth. Elymus breviaristatus is a high-quality forage species widely used for restoration of degraded grasslands. However, this forage species has shown yield declines during ongoing grassland restoration, and conventional fertilization is insufficient to meet its growth requirements. Instead, trace-element supplementation may be critical for sustaining stable and high yields. To explore the effects of trace element supplementation on this important forage grass, a pot experiment was conducted in which E. breviaristatus was treated with molybdenum [(NH?)?MoO?: 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 g·L-1], silicon (SiO?NPs: 0.10, 0.20, and 0.40 g·L-1), or boron (H?BO?: 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 g·L-1) applied as foliar sprays. The results show that all three elements significantly increased plant height and aboveground dry weight (P<0.05), compared with the control. Specifically, plant height was increased by 34.56% in the 0.30 g·L-1 molybdenum treatment and root length was increased by 59.86% in the 0.3 g·L-1 molybdenum treatment and by 79.53% in the 0.1 g·L-1 silicon treatment. Molybdenum and silicon addition significantly enhanced photosynthetic capacity. The net photosynthetic rate was increased by 111.53% in the 0.4 g·L-1 silicon treatment; and chlorophyll a and b contents were increased by 46.00% and 54.32%, respectively, in the 0.3 g·L?1 molybdenum treatment. Treatment with boron inhibited chlorophyll a accumulation. Antioxidant enzyme activity and osmolyte accumulation were increased in the 0.3 g·L-1 molybdenum treatment, with peroxidase activity increased by 231.10% and the soluble sugars content increased by 201.48%. The regulatory effects of silicon and boron on enzyme activity and carbohydrate accumulation were concentration dependent. In a principal component analysis (PCA), the first four components explained 77.66% of the total variance. On the basis of the PCA and a membership function analysis, 0.45 g·L-1 molybdenum (multivariate analysis D=0.701) was identified as the optimal treatment to improve overall stress resistance. This treatment improved carbon assimilation efficiency by promoting root development, photosynthetic performance, and antioxidant capacity. The results of this study show that molybdenum is a key element for regulating the stress tolerance of an alpine forage grass, and provide a theoretical basis for the targeted restoration of degraded grasslands.

Key words: molybdenum, silicon, boron, morphology, photosynthesis, physiology, comprehensive evaluation