草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 92-104.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025309
马江萍1,2,3(
), 曹立娟4, 张文文5, 赵梦雨5, 王腾飞1,2,3, 张译尹1,2,3, 王斌1,2,3, 李佳旺1,2,3, 王小兵1,2,3, 兰剑1,2,3(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-22
修回日期:2025-09-29
出版日期:2026-07-20
发布日期:2026-05-21
通讯作者:
兰剑
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: ndlanjian@163.com基金资助:
Jiang-ping MA1,2,3(
), Li-juan CAO4, Wen-wen ZHANG5, Meng-yu ZHAO5, Teng-fei WANG1,2,3, Yi-yin ZHANG1,2,3, Bin WANG1,2,3, Jia-wang LI1,2,3, Xiao-bing WANG1,2,3, Jian LAN1,2,3(
)
Received:2025-07-22
Revised:2025-09-29
Online:2026-07-20
Published:2026-05-21
Contact:
Jian LAN
摘要:
退化草地修复是草地复壮更新以及实现生态可持续发展的关键,补播和施磷是恢复和提升退化草地生产力的重要措施,针对黄土高原雨养区苜蓿草地中度退化问题,本研究于2018-2020年以苇状羊茅为试验材料,采用双因素随机区组试验设计,设置3个补播量(R1: 20.2 kg·hm-2; R2: 40.4 kg·hm-2; R3: 60.6 kg·hm-2),4个施磷梯度(F0: 0 kg·hm-2; F1: 75 kg·hm-2; F2: 150 kg·hm-2; F3: 225 kg·hm-2),对草地生产力、产量稳定性、可持续性及土壤养分进行研究。结果表明,补播和施磷均可在一定程度上促进牧草的株高和密度;2018年干草产量在R3F3处理时为最高,达9.3 t·hm-2,2019-2020年处理为R2F2时干草产量和总干草粗蛋白产量均达到最高(11.1、11.4 t·hm-2和2.4、2.2 t·hm-2),较F0R1分别提高了60.4%、51.8%和62.5%、59.1%;且该处理的变异系数较F0R1分别降低了50.0%和40.2%,产量可持续指数则分别提高了4.7%和7.7%。补播和施磷对0~20 cm和20~40 cm的土壤理化性质均产生影响,土壤有机质、全氮含量和土壤容重随补播量和施肥量的增加均先升高后降低,土壤孔隙度随补播量的变化趋势与之相反,随施磷量的增加而上升。综上,黄土高原雨养区退化苜蓿草地苇状羊茅补播量为40.4 kg·hm-2、施磷量为150 kg·hm-2是提高草地生产力、增加草地植被覆盖度、促进草地可持续生产和改良土壤环境的最佳补播量和施磷量。
马江萍, 曹立娟, 张文文, 赵梦雨, 王腾飞, 张译尹, 王斌, 李佳旺, 王小兵, 兰剑. 补播与施磷对退化苜蓿草地生产力及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(7): 92-104.
Jiang-ping MA, Li-juan CAO, Wen-wen ZHANG, Meng-yu ZHAO, Teng-fei WANG, Yi-yin ZHANG, Bin WANG, Jia-wang LI, Xiao-bing WANG, Jian LAN. Effects of reseeding and phosphorus application on productivity and soil in improvement of degraded alfalfa stands[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(7): 92-104.
图2 补播-施磷对牧草株高的影响不同小写字母代表各处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different lowercase letters represent significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.2 Effect of reseeding-phosphorus application on plant height of forage
| 因素Factor | HA | HF | DA | DF | DMA | DMF | CPY | CVDM | CVCPY | SYIDM | SYICPY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年份Year | ** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| 施磷量Phosphorus application | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | * | ** | * | ** |
| 补播量Reseeding rate | *** | ** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| 年份×施磷量Year×phosphorus application | ** | ** | * | ns | *** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| 年份×补播量Year×reseeding rate | *** | ns | * | ns | *** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| 施磷量×补播量Phosphorus application×reseeding rate | *** | ns | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| 年份×施磷量×补播量Year×phosphorus application×reseeding rate | * | ns | *** | ns | *** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
表1 牧草生长发育、产量以及产量稳定性和可持续性的方差分析
Table 1 Analysis of variance for forage growth and development, yield, and yield stability and sustainability
| 因素Factor | HA | HF | DA | DF | DMA | DMF | CPY | CVDM | CVCPY | SYIDM | SYICPY |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 年份Year | ** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| 施磷量Phosphorus application | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | * | ** | * | ** |
| 补播量Reseeding rate | *** | ** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| 年份×施磷量Year×phosphorus application | ** | ** | * | ns | *** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| 年份×补播量Year×reseeding rate | *** | ns | * | ns | *** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| 施磷量×补播量Phosphorus application×reseeding rate | *** | ns | *** | *** | ** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
| 年份×施磷量×补播量Year×phosphorus application×reseeding rate | * | ns | *** | ns | *** | *** | *** | ns | ns | ns | ns |
图7 干草产量和总干草粗蛋白产量与补播量和施磷量的关系
Fig.7 The relationship between hay yield and crude protein yield of total hay and phosphorus application rate and reseeding rate
图8 结构方程模型SYI: 产量可持续指数Yield sustainable index; CV: 变异系数Coefficient of variation; SP: 土壤孔隙度Soil porosity; BD: 土壤容重Soil bulk density; SOM: 土壤有机质Soil organic matter; DM: 干草产量Hay yield; TN: 土壤全氮Soil total nitrogen; TD: 总密度Total density; X2/DF: 卡方自由度比Chi-square/degrees of freedom; GFI: 拟合优度指数Goodness-of-fit index; CFI: 比较拟合指数Comparative fit index; RMSEA: 近似误差均方根Root mean square error of approximation. 红色线条表示正相关关系,绿色线条表示负相关关系,黑色线条表示无显著相关关系;箭头宽度表示显著的标准化路径系数强度(P<0.05)。Red lines indicate positive correlations, green lines indicate negative correlations, and black lines indicate no significant correlations. Arrow widths indicate significant standardized path coefficient strengths (P<0.05). ***: P<0.001; **: P<0.01; *: P<0.05.
Fig.8 Structural equation model
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