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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 154-166.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021167

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

精氨酸水平对梅花鹿仔鹿瘤胃发酵参数和菌群结构的影响

范玉洁(), 司华哲, 王晓旭, 杨乾龙, 张新宇, 钟伟, 王凯英()   

  1. 中国农业科学院特产研究所,特种经济动物分子生物学国家重点实验室,吉林 长春 130112
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-28 修回日期:2022-01-28 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 王凯英
  • 作者简介:E-mail: tcswky@126.com
    范玉洁(1995-),女,新疆伊宁人,硕士。E-mail: 1357155206@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“梅花鹿优质高效养殖关键技术研究与示范”(2018YFC1706602);吉林省科技攻关项目(20170204041NY);吉林省技术攻关项目(20190304007YY)

Effects of arginine level on rumen flora population structure and fermentation in weaning sika deer

Yu-jie FAN(), Hua-zhe SI, Xiao-xu WANG, Qian-long YANG, Xin-yu ZHANG, Wei ZHONG, Kai-ying WANG()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology,Institute of Special Animal and Plant Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130112,China
  • Received:2021-04-28 Revised:2022-01-28 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-09-14
  • Contact: Kai-ying WANG

摘要:

为研究精氨酸水平对离乳期梅花鹿瘤胃发酵参数和微生物菌群结构的影响,试验选择3月龄,体重相近的12只健康雄性梅花鹿,随机分为3组,每组4只。仔鹿饲喂蛋白质水平为12.28%的低蛋白质饲粮,精氨酸水平分别为0.80%(A组)、1.08%(B组)、1.26%(C组), 试验期50 d。在试验期的最后1 d抽取仔鹿瘤胃液20 mL,一部分用于测定瘤胃发酵参数,一部分用于提取DNA分析瘤胃细菌多样性。结果表明:1) B组氨态氮含量极显著高于C组(P<0.01); B组乙酸、丁酸、异丁酸含量极显著低于A组(P<0.01),总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著低于A组(P<0.05);B组的乙丙比极显著低于A、C组(P<0.01)。2) B组ACE指数显著高于C组(P<0.05),Chao1指数显著高于A、C组(P<0.05),B组Simpson指数极显著高于A、C组(P<0.01),Shannon指数则极显著低于A、C组(P<0.01), A组细菌群落结构与B、C组差异显著(P<0.05)。3)在门水平上,B组拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度极显著低于A组(P<0.01),而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著高于A组(P<0.05);B组变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度极显著高于A组(P<0.01),显著高于C组(P<0.05);在属水平上,未分类普雷沃氏菌科(unidentified_Prevotellaceae)相对丰度在3组之间无显著差异(P>0.05),A组甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)相对丰度极显著高于B、C组(P<0.01);B组琥珀酸弧菌属(Succinivibrio)相对丰度极显著高于A组(P<0.01),显著高于C组(P<0.05)。由此可见,精氨酸水平为1.08%时,能够显著提高梅花鹿仔鹿瘤胃菌群丰富度并改变细菌群落结构和优势菌比例,促使仔鹿瘤胃发酵方式向丙酸型发酵转变,增强机体供能。

关键词: 离乳期梅花鹿, 精氨酸, 瘤胃发酵, 菌群结构

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of arginine level on rumen fermentation and flora population structure of weaning sika deer. Twelve three month old male sika deer with similar body weight were randomly divided into three groups of four. All groups were fed the same basal diet containing 12.28% crude protein (CP) with differing levels of arginine: 0.80% (A), 1.08% (B), and 1.26% (C). The experimental period was 50 days. On the last day, 20 mL rumen fluid was extracted from each animal, rumen fermentation parameters were measured, and DNA was extracted to analyze rumen bacterial diversity. It was found that: 1) The content of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid of Group B was higher (P<0.01) than that in Group C, while the contents of acetic acid, butyric acid and isobutyric acid in Group B were lower (P<0.01) than those in Group A. The content of total volatile fatty acids in Group B was lower (P<0.05) than that in Group A and the ratio of acetate to propionate in Group B was lower (P<0.01) than that in Groups A and C. 2) The ACE index of Group B was higher (P<0.05) than that of Group C while the Chao1 index of Group B was significantly higher than that of Groups A and C (P<0.05) and the Simpson index of group B was higher (P<0.01) than that of Groups A and C and the Shannon index showed the opposite pattern. The bacterial diversity of Group A differed (P<0.05) from that of Groups B and C. 3) Taxonomically, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in Group B was lower (P<0.01) than that in Group A, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was higher (P<0.05) than in Group A, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in Group B was higher (P<0.05) than in Groups A and C. At the genus level, the relative abundance of unidentified_Prevotellaceae did not differ (P>0.05) among the three groups, the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter in Group A was higher (P>0.01) than in Groups B and C, the relative abundance of Succinivibrio in Group B was higher than in Group A (P<0.01) and Group C (P<0.05). In conclusion, 1.08% dietary arginine level significantly improved the microbial richness of sika deer, changed the bacterial diversity and the taxonomic structure of dominant bacteria, and thus promoted rumen propionic acid fermentation, and enhanced the body energy supply.

Key words: weaning sika deer, arginine, rumen fermentation, flora population structure