草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 158-170.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022087
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
李海萍1,3(), 关皓2, 贾志锋1, 刘文辉1, 马祥1, 刘勇1, 汪辉2, 马力4, 周青平2()
收稿日期:
2022-02-22
修回日期:
2022-04-14
出版日期:
2022-12-20
发布日期:
2022-10-17
通讯作者:
周青平
作者简介:
E-mail: qpingzh@aliyun.com基金资助:
Hai-ping LI1,3(), Hao GUAN2, Zhi-feng JIA1, Wen-hui LIU1, Xiang MA1, Yong LIU1, Hui WANG2, Li MA4, Qing-ping ZHOU2()
Received:
2022-02-22
Revised:
2022-04-14
Online:
2022-12-20
Published:
2022-10-17
Contact:
Qing-ping ZHOU
摘要:
为提高冻融条件下燕麦青贮的发酵品质和有氧稳定性,利用传统的平板培养法,从青藏高原地区分离到437株乳酸菌,从中筛选出4株在反复冻融条件下(20 ℃/-5 ℃)能快速生长、高效产酸的抗冻融乳酸菌。经生理、生化特性检测和16S rRNA基因序列比对鉴定,4株菌分别是植物乳杆菌157(LP157)、植物乳杆菌160(LP160)、短乳杆菌248(LB248)和戊糖乳杆菌260(LPE260)。为进一步评价其在冻融条件下对燕麦青贮发酵品质、营养成分、微生物数量及有氧稳定性的影响,试验设7个处理,分别为:1)LP157; 2)LP160; 3)LB248; 4)LPE260; 5)LP160+鼠李糖乳杆菌753混合(MIX); 6)商业菌(COM); 7)等量灭菌蒸馏水(CK),在20 ℃恒温和20 ℃/-5 ℃每12 h交替条件(冻融)下分别青贮60 d。结果表明,无论在20 ℃恒温条件还是在冻融条件下,LP157、LP160、LB248和LPE260处理组青贮后的pH和干物质损失显著低于CK(P<0.05),乳酸、乙酸含量均显著高于CK(P<0.05),肠杆菌、酵母菌和霉菌等不良微生物的生长得到抑制,提高了燕麦青贮品质。有氧暴露5 d后,LP157、LP160、LB248和LPE260处理组pH和NH3-N显著(P<0.05)低于CK、MIX和COM处理组,提高了燕麦青贮的有氧稳定性,尤其LP160作用最显著(70 h VS. 对照11 h)。结果表明,筛选出的4株乳酸菌均具有作为青藏高原地区冻融环境下青贮调制用乳酸菌添加剂的潜质。
李海萍, 关皓, 贾志锋, 刘文辉, 马祥, 刘勇, 汪辉, 马力, 周青平. 抗冻融乳酸菌的筛选及其对燕麦青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(12): 158-170.
Hai-ping LI, Hao GUAN, Zhi-feng JIA, Wen-hui LIU, Xiang MA, Yong LIU, Hui WANG, Li MA, Qing-ping ZHOU. Screening of antifreeze-thawed lactic acid bacteria and their effects on oat silage fermentation quality and aerobic stability[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(12): 158-170.
项目 Item | 菌株Strain | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | 10 | 67 | 74 | 103 | 117 | 157 | 160 | 248 | 260 | 270 | 286 | 365 | 376 | 407 | |
采样点Collection site | 海晏 Haiyan | 海晏 Haiyan | 湟中 Huangzhong | 大通 Datong | 平安 Pingan | 平安 Pingan | 门源 Menyuan | 门源 Menyuan | 祁连 Qilian | 贵南 Guinan | 贵南 Guinan | 贵南 Guinan | 贵南 Guinan | 贵南 Guinan | 湟源 Huangyuan |
来源Source | 玉米 Maize | 玉米 Maize | 玉米 Maize | 燕麦 Oat | 玉米 Maize | 玉米 Maize | 燕麦 Oat | 燕麦 Oat | 酸奶 Yogurt | 玉米 Maize | 玉米 Maize | 玉米 Maize | 黑麦 Rye | 黑麦 Rye | 小黑麦 Triticale |
形状Shape | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod |
革兰氏染色Gram stain | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
5 ℃ | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ++ | + |
10 ℃ | + | + | + | + | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | + | + | + |
15 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | + | + | + | + |
20 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
30 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
50 ℃ | ++ | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
3.0% NaCl,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | + | ++ | + | w | + | + | w | w | w | w |
3.0% NaCl,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
6.5% NaCl,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | w | + | + | + | w | w | w | w | w | w |
6.5% NaCl,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
pH 3.0,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | + | + | + | w | + | + | + | + | + | + |
pH 3.0,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ |
pH 3.5,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | + | + | + | w | + | + | + | + | + | + |
pH 3.5,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
pH 4.0,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | + | + | + | w | + | + | + | + | + | + |
pH 4.0,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
pH 5.0,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | + | + | + | w | + | + | + | + | + | + |
pH 5.0,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
pH 6.0,10 ℃ | + | + | w | w | w | + | ++ | + | w | + | + | + | + | + | + |
pH 6.0,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
表1 乳酸菌生理生化特征
Table 1 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from silages
项目 Item | 菌株Strain | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | 10 | 67 | 74 | 103 | 117 | 157 | 160 | 248 | 260 | 270 | 286 | 365 | 376 | 407 | |
采样点Collection site | 海晏 Haiyan | 海晏 Haiyan | 湟中 Huangzhong | 大通 Datong | 平安 Pingan | 平安 Pingan | 门源 Menyuan | 门源 Menyuan | 祁连 Qilian | 贵南 Guinan | 贵南 Guinan | 贵南 Guinan | 贵南 Guinan | 贵南 Guinan | 湟源 Huangyuan |
来源Source | 玉米 Maize | 玉米 Maize | 玉米 Maize | 燕麦 Oat | 玉米 Maize | 玉米 Maize | 燕麦 Oat | 燕麦 Oat | 酸奶 Yogurt | 玉米 Maize | 玉米 Maize | 玉米 Maize | 黑麦 Rye | 黑麦 Rye | 小黑麦 Triticale |
形状Shape | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod | 杆菌Rod |
革兰氏染色Gram stain | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
5 ℃ | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ++ | + |
10 ℃ | + | + | + | + | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | + | + | + | + |
15 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | + | + | + | + |
20 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
30 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
50 ℃ | ++ | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
3.0% NaCl,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | + | ++ | + | w | + | + | w | w | w | w |
3.0% NaCl,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
6.5% NaCl,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | w | + | + | + | w | w | w | w | w | w |
6.5% NaCl,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
pH 3.0,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | + | + | + | w | + | + | + | + | + | + |
pH 3.0,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | + | ++ |
pH 3.5,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | + | + | + | w | + | + | + | + | + | + |
pH 3.5,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
pH 4.0,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | + | + | + | w | + | + | + | + | + | + |
pH 4.0,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
pH 5.0,10 ℃ | w | + | w | w | w | + | + | + | w | + | + | + | + | + | + |
pH 5.0,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
pH 6.0,10 ℃ | + | + | w | w | w | + | ++ | + | w | + | + | + | + | + | + |
pH 6.0,37 ℃ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ |
底物 Substrate | 菌株Strain | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | 10 | 67 | 74 | 103 | 117 | 157 | 160 | 248 | 260 | 270 | 286 | 365 | 376 | 407 | |
菊糖Inulin | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | + |
水杨苷Salicin (1% NaCl) | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | + | + | - | - | + | - |
M01a乳糖M01a actose | - | + | + | - | - | + | w | - | - | + | - | - | w | - | - |
M-蔗糖M-saccharose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | - |
山梨醇Sorbitol | - | - | w | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | w | w | - |
半乳糖Galactose | - | - | - | - | w | - | - | - | - | - | w | + | - | - | - |
果糖Fructose | + | w | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
木糖醇Xylitol | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
七叶苷Esculin | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | + |
棉子糖Raffinose | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
L-蔗糖L-saccharose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | + |
甘露醇Mannitol | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
甘露糖Mannose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | + |
水杨苷Salicin | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
鼠李糖Rhamnose | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
纤维二糖Cellobiose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | + |
阿拉伯糖Arabinose | w | - | - | - | - | - | w | - | + | - | + | + | - | - | - |
葡萄糖Glucose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
麦芽糖Maltose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
蜜二糖Melibiose | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
马尿酸Hippuric acid | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | - | + | + | + |
葡萄糖Glucose (产气Gas production) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | + | + | + |
表2 乳酸菌糖发酵特性
Table 2 Carbohydrate fermentation patens of lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from silages
底物 Substrate | 菌株Strain | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | 10 | 67 | 74 | 103 | 117 | 157 | 160 | 248 | 260 | 270 | 286 | 365 | 376 | 407 | |
菊糖Inulin | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | + |
水杨苷Salicin (1% NaCl) | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | + | + | - | - | + | - |
M01a乳糖M01a actose | - | + | + | - | - | + | w | - | - | + | - | - | w | - | - |
M-蔗糖M-saccharose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | - |
山梨醇Sorbitol | - | - | w | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | w | w | - |
半乳糖Galactose | - | - | - | - | w | - | - | - | - | - | w | + | - | - | - |
果糖Fructose | + | w | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
木糖醇Xylitol | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
七叶苷Esculin | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | + |
棉子糖Raffinose | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
L-蔗糖L-saccharose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | + |
甘露醇Mannitol | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
甘露糖Mannose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | + |
水杨苷Salicin | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
鼠李糖Rhamnose | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
纤维二糖Cellobiose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | + |
阿拉伯糖Arabinose | w | - | - | - | - | - | w | - | + | - | + | + | - | - | - |
葡萄糖Glucose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
麦芽糖Maltose | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
蜜二糖Melibiose | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
马尿酸Hippuric acid | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | - | + | + | + |
葡萄糖Glucose (产气Gas production) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | + | + | + |
项目Item | 含量Content |
---|---|
干物质Dry matter (DM, %FW) | 28.96±0.350 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 11.01±0.129 |
灰分Ash (%DM) | 8.90±0.175 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 65.17±1.169 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 29.69±0.982 |
水溶性碳水化合物Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, %DM) | 13.30±1.050 |
乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FW, LAB) | 3.70 |
肠杆菌Coliform bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FW, CB) | 4.12 |
酵母菌Yeast (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 2.89 |
霉菌Mold (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 3.14 |
表3 燕麦青贮原料特性
Table 3 Chemical, microbial composition of oat before ensiling
项目Item | 含量Content |
---|---|
干物质Dry matter (DM, %FW) | 28.96±0.350 |
粗蛋白Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 11.01±0.129 |
灰分Ash (%DM) | 8.90±0.175 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 65.17±1.169 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 29.69±0.982 |
水溶性碳水化合物Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, %DM) | 13.30±1.050 |
乳酸菌Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FW, LAB) | 3.70 |
肠杆菌Coliform bacteria (lg cfu·g-1 FW, CB) | 4.12 |
酵母菌Yeast (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 2.89 |
霉菌Mold (lg cfu·g-1 FW) | 3.14 |
温度 Temperature (℃) | 菌剂 Inoculation | pH | NH3-N/TN (%) | 乳酸LA (mg·g-1 DM) | 乙酸AA (mg·g-1 DM) | 丙酸PA (mg·g-1 DM) | 丁酸BA (mg·g-1 DM) | LA/AA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 对照CK | 4.59abc | 3.86a | 46.86g | 21.95b | ND | ND | 2.14g | |
LP157 | 4.01c | 1.34fgh | 69.31ab | 24.70ab | ND | ND | 2.81def | ||
LP160 | 4.02c | 1.65def | 58.44d | 12.60de | ND | ND | 4.68a | ||
LB248 | 4.02c | 1.39fgh | 71.41a | 27.78a | ND | ND | 2.59efg | ||
LPE260 | 3.99c | 1.09h | 69.56ab | 24.71ab | ND | ND | 2.85def | ||
MIX | 4.37abc | 2.08bc | 44.46g | 13.46de | ND | ND | 3.31cd | ||
COM | 4.90a | 1.49efg | 54.27ef | 18.04c | ND | ND | 3.01cde | ||
20/-5 | 对照CK | 4.81ab | 2.33b | 27.73h | 6.61f | ND | ND | 4.21ab | |
LP157 | 4.00c | 1.75de | 56.82def | 15.75cd | ND | ND | 3.64bc | ||
LP160 | 4.02c | 1.84cd | 66.75bc | 15.50cd | ND | ND | 4.34a | ||
LB248 | 4.04c | 1.38fgh | 57.93de | 17.83c | ND | ND | 3.26cd | ||
LPE260 | 4.03c | 1.35fgh | 64.15c | 22.93b | ND | ND | 2.83def | ||
MIX | 4.07c | 1.24gh | 53.22f | 11.67e | ND | ND | 4.58a | ||
COM | 4.16bc | 1.97cd | 55.39def | 24.16ab | ND | ND | 2.32fg | ||
标准误SEM | 0.228 | 0.027 | 0.341 | 0.317 | ND | ND | 0.054 | ||
菌剂Inoculation (I) | * | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** | ||
温度Temperature (T) | NS | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** | ||
I×T | NS | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** |
表4 燕麦青贮60 d的发酵特性
Table 4 Fermentation characteristics of oat silage ensiled at 60 days
温度 Temperature (℃) | 菌剂 Inoculation | pH | NH3-N/TN (%) | 乳酸LA (mg·g-1 DM) | 乙酸AA (mg·g-1 DM) | 丙酸PA (mg·g-1 DM) | 丁酸BA (mg·g-1 DM) | LA/AA | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 对照CK | 4.59abc | 3.86a | 46.86g | 21.95b | ND | ND | 2.14g | |
LP157 | 4.01c | 1.34fgh | 69.31ab | 24.70ab | ND | ND | 2.81def | ||
LP160 | 4.02c | 1.65def | 58.44d | 12.60de | ND | ND | 4.68a | ||
LB248 | 4.02c | 1.39fgh | 71.41a | 27.78a | ND | ND | 2.59efg | ||
LPE260 | 3.99c | 1.09h | 69.56ab | 24.71ab | ND | ND | 2.85def | ||
MIX | 4.37abc | 2.08bc | 44.46g | 13.46de | ND | ND | 3.31cd | ||
COM | 4.90a | 1.49efg | 54.27ef | 18.04c | ND | ND | 3.01cde | ||
20/-5 | 对照CK | 4.81ab | 2.33b | 27.73h | 6.61f | ND | ND | 4.21ab | |
LP157 | 4.00c | 1.75de | 56.82def | 15.75cd | ND | ND | 3.64bc | ||
LP160 | 4.02c | 1.84cd | 66.75bc | 15.50cd | ND | ND | 4.34a | ||
LB248 | 4.04c | 1.38fgh | 57.93de | 17.83c | ND | ND | 3.26cd | ||
LPE260 | 4.03c | 1.35fgh | 64.15c | 22.93b | ND | ND | 2.83def | ||
MIX | 4.07c | 1.24gh | 53.22f | 11.67e | ND | ND | 4.58a | ||
COM | 4.16bc | 1.97cd | 55.39def | 24.16ab | ND | ND | 2.32fg | ||
标准误SEM | 0.228 | 0.027 | 0.341 | 0.317 | ND | ND | 0.054 | ||
菌剂Inoculation (I) | * | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** | ||
温度Temperature (T) | NS | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** | ||
I×T | NS | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** |
处理 Treatment | 乳酸菌LAB | 肠杆菌CB | 酵母菌Yeast | 霉菌Mold | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 ℃ | 20 ℃/-5 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 20 ℃/-5 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 20 ℃/-5 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 20 ℃/-5 ℃ | |
对照CK | 4.62 | 4.63 | ND | 4.06 | 2.30 | 3.78 | ND | 2.00 |
LP157 | 2.95 | 3.32 | ND | 2.95 | 0.90 | 1.25 | ND | ND |
LP160 | 3.46 | 4.00 | ND | ND | ND | 1.70 | ND | ND |
LB248 | 4.21 | 4.03 | ND | ND | 0.08 | 0.63 | ND | ND |
LPE260 | 5.26 | 4.71 | 1.60 | ND | 4.29 | ND | 2.70 | ND |
MIX | 4.79 | 4.77 | 1.54 | ND | 3.62 | ND | 2.48 | ND |
COM | 5.83 | 4.06 | 4.70 | ND | 4.37 | 3.72 | 3.75 | ND |
表5 燕麦青贮60 d后微生物计数
Table 5 Microorganism counts of oat silage ensiled at 60 days (lg cfu·g-1 FW)
处理 Treatment | 乳酸菌LAB | 肠杆菌CB | 酵母菌Yeast | 霉菌Mold | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 ℃ | 20 ℃/-5 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 20 ℃/-5 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 20 ℃/-5 ℃ | 20 ℃ | 20 ℃/-5 ℃ | |
对照CK | 4.62 | 4.63 | ND | 4.06 | 2.30 | 3.78 | ND | 2.00 |
LP157 | 2.95 | 3.32 | ND | 2.95 | 0.90 | 1.25 | ND | ND |
LP160 | 3.46 | 4.00 | ND | ND | ND | 1.70 | ND | ND |
LB248 | 4.21 | 4.03 | ND | ND | 0.08 | 0.63 | ND | ND |
LPE260 | 5.26 | 4.71 | 1.60 | ND | 4.29 | ND | 2.70 | ND |
MIX | 4.79 | 4.77 | 1.54 | ND | 3.62 | ND | 2.48 | ND |
COM | 5.83 | 4.06 | 4.70 | ND | 4.37 | 3.72 | 3.75 | ND |
温度Temperature (℃) | 菌剂Inoculation | 干物质DM(%FW) | 干物质损失DM loss (%) | 灰分Ash (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维NDF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%DM) | 粗蛋白CP (%DM) | 水溶性碳水化合物WSC (%DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 对照CK | 28.35f | 1.22a | 8.09a | 54.28cd | 29.76bc | 9.05abcd | 4.84def |
LP157 | 28.67ef | 0.09e | 7.99a | 48.36e | 23.01e | 9.18abc | 4.64efg | |
LP160 | 29.18ef | 0.39cde | 7.96a | 46.24e | 21.26e | 9.15abcd | 5.36cde | |
LB248 | 28.61ef | 0.24de | 7.98a | 54.21cd | 26.75d | 9.67a | 4.00fg | |
LPE260 | 28.53ef | 0.07e | 8.00a | 53.53d | 27.84cd | 9.24ab | 7.70b | |
MIX | 29.20ef | 0.12de | 8.38a | 56.61bcd | 30.01bc | 8.71bcd | 6.93b | |
COM | 28.60ef | 0.19de | 7.25a | 56.35bcd | 29.26bcd | 8.82bcd | 3.73g | |
20/-5 | 对照CK | 31.38b | 0.89abc | 7.84a | 58.45bc | 31.76ab | 8.78bcd | 5.85c |
LP157 | 30.60bc | 0.43cde | 7.46a | 59.06b | 31.01b | 8.55cde | 5.73cd | |
LP160 | 29.58de | 0.52cde | 7.98a | 55.28bcd | 30.44bc | 8.48de | 4.59efg | |
LB248 | 31.03bc | 0.37cde | 7.88a | 56.22bcd | 31.73ab | 9.36ab | 4.20fg | |
LPE260 | 32.49a | 0.67bcd | 7.38a | 56.48bcd | 29.25bcd | 8.91bcd | 5.92c | |
MIX | 32.70a | 1.13ab | 8.13a | 63.82a | 34.10a | 7.76f | 10.39a | |
COM | 30.31cd | 0.49cde | 7.97a | 56.77bcd | 30.68bc | 8.06ef | 5.38cde | |
标准误SEM | 0.090 | 0.045 | 0.370 | 1.340 | 0.930 | 0.050 | 0.300 | |
菌剂Inoculation (I) | ** | ** | NS | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
温度Temperature (T) | ** | ** | NS | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
I×T | ** | * | NS | ** | ** | NS | ** |
表6 燕麦青贮60 d的营养品质
Table 6 Nutritional components of oat silage ensiled at 60 days
温度Temperature (℃) | 菌剂Inoculation | 干物质DM(%FW) | 干物质损失DM loss (%) | 灰分Ash (%DM) | 中性洗涤纤维NDF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%DM) | 粗蛋白CP (%DM) | 水溶性碳水化合物WSC (%DM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 对照CK | 28.35f | 1.22a | 8.09a | 54.28cd | 29.76bc | 9.05abcd | 4.84def |
LP157 | 28.67ef | 0.09e | 7.99a | 48.36e | 23.01e | 9.18abc | 4.64efg | |
LP160 | 29.18ef | 0.39cde | 7.96a | 46.24e | 21.26e | 9.15abcd | 5.36cde | |
LB248 | 28.61ef | 0.24de | 7.98a | 54.21cd | 26.75d | 9.67a | 4.00fg | |
LPE260 | 28.53ef | 0.07e | 8.00a | 53.53d | 27.84cd | 9.24ab | 7.70b | |
MIX | 29.20ef | 0.12de | 8.38a | 56.61bcd | 30.01bc | 8.71bcd | 6.93b | |
COM | 28.60ef | 0.19de | 7.25a | 56.35bcd | 29.26bcd | 8.82bcd | 3.73g | |
20/-5 | 对照CK | 31.38b | 0.89abc | 7.84a | 58.45bc | 31.76ab | 8.78bcd | 5.85c |
LP157 | 30.60bc | 0.43cde | 7.46a | 59.06b | 31.01b | 8.55cde | 5.73cd | |
LP160 | 29.58de | 0.52cde | 7.98a | 55.28bcd | 30.44bc | 8.48de | 4.59efg | |
LB248 | 31.03bc | 0.37cde | 7.88a | 56.22bcd | 31.73ab | 9.36ab | 4.20fg | |
LPE260 | 32.49a | 0.67bcd | 7.38a | 56.48bcd | 29.25bcd | 8.91bcd | 5.92c | |
MIX | 32.70a | 1.13ab | 8.13a | 63.82a | 34.10a | 7.76f | 10.39a | |
COM | 30.31cd | 0.49cde | 7.97a | 56.77bcd | 30.68bc | 8.06ef | 5.38cde | |
标准误SEM | 0.090 | 0.045 | 0.370 | 1.340 | 0.930 | 0.050 | 0.300 | |
菌剂Inoculation (I) | ** | ** | NS | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
温度Temperature (T) | ** | ** | NS | ** | ** | ** | ** | |
I×T | ** | * | NS | ** | ** | NS | ** |
温度 Temperature (℃) | 菌剂 Inoculation | pH | NH3-N (mg·g-1 DM) | 乳酸LA (mg·g-1 DM) | 乙酸AA (mg·g-1 DM) | 丙酸PA (mg·g-1 DM) | 丁酸BA (mg·g-1 DM) | LA/AA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 对照CK | 8.68ab | 3.38bc | 23.65de | 13.59bc | ND | ND | 1.74g |
LP157 | 4.24e | 2.79d | 41.56b | 14.27b | ND | ND | 2.91cd | |
LP160 | 4.01e | 1.35f | 25.68d | 7.36f | ND | ND | 3.49b | |
LB248 | 4.33e | 1.60f | 79.29a | 31.92a | ND | ND | 2.49e | |
LPE260 | 8.06b | 2.84d | 20.31f | 12.77c | ND | ND | 1.59g | |
MIX | 8.99a | 3.48bc | 20.19f | 9.29e | ND | ND | 2.17f | |
COM | 8.97a | 4.39a | 11.00h | 6.50f | ND | ND | 1.69g | |
20/-5 | 对照CK | 8.79ab | 4.54a | 13.14gh | 5.59g | ND | ND | 2.35e |
LP157 | 6.62c | 3.03cd | 25.41d | 9.21e | ND | ND | 2.76d | |
LP160 | 5.70d | 2.22e | 35.73c | 5.47g | ND | ND | 6.54a | |
LB248 | 7.07c | 2.59de | 21.68ef | 7.27f | ND | ND | 2.99c | |
LPE260 | 6.86c | 3.41bc | 42.24b | 11.60d | ND | ND | 3.64b | |
MIX | 8.76ab | 3.53b | 41.81b | 11.76d | ND | ND | 3.56b | |
COM | 8.44ab | 4.30a | 15.15g | 5.27g | ND | ND | 2.87cd | |
标准误SEM | 0.277 | 0.040 | 0.253 | 0.076 | ND | ND | 0.016 | |
菌剂Inoculation (I) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** | |
温度Temperature (T) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** | |
I×T | ** | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** |
表7 燕麦青贮有氧暴露5 d后的有机酸和氨态氮含量
Table 7 Content of organic acid and ammonia nitrogen of oat silage aerobically exposed for 5 days
温度 Temperature (℃) | 菌剂 Inoculation | pH | NH3-N (mg·g-1 DM) | 乳酸LA (mg·g-1 DM) | 乙酸AA (mg·g-1 DM) | 丙酸PA (mg·g-1 DM) | 丁酸BA (mg·g-1 DM) | LA/AA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 对照CK | 8.68ab | 3.38bc | 23.65de | 13.59bc | ND | ND | 1.74g |
LP157 | 4.24e | 2.79d | 41.56b | 14.27b | ND | ND | 2.91cd | |
LP160 | 4.01e | 1.35f | 25.68d | 7.36f | ND | ND | 3.49b | |
LB248 | 4.33e | 1.60f | 79.29a | 31.92a | ND | ND | 2.49e | |
LPE260 | 8.06b | 2.84d | 20.31f | 12.77c | ND | ND | 1.59g | |
MIX | 8.99a | 3.48bc | 20.19f | 9.29e | ND | ND | 2.17f | |
COM | 8.97a | 4.39a | 11.00h | 6.50f | ND | ND | 1.69g | |
20/-5 | 对照CK | 8.79ab | 4.54a | 13.14gh | 5.59g | ND | ND | 2.35e |
LP157 | 6.62c | 3.03cd | 25.41d | 9.21e | ND | ND | 2.76d | |
LP160 | 5.70d | 2.22e | 35.73c | 5.47g | ND | ND | 6.54a | |
LB248 | 7.07c | 2.59de | 21.68ef | 7.27f | ND | ND | 2.99c | |
LPE260 | 6.86c | 3.41bc | 42.24b | 11.60d | ND | ND | 3.64b | |
MIX | 8.76ab | 3.53b | 41.81b | 11.76d | ND | ND | 3.56b | |
COM | 8.44ab | 4.30a | 15.15g | 5.27g | ND | ND | 2.87cd | |
标准误SEM | 0.277 | 0.040 | 0.253 | 0.076 | ND | ND | 0.016 | |
菌剂Inoculation (I) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** | |
温度Temperature (T) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** | |
I×T | ** | ** | ** | ** | ND | ND | ** |
图2 燕麦青贮有氧稳定性不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level.
Fig.2 Aerobic stability of oat silages with inoculants
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