草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 66-75.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022052
收稿日期:
2022-01-29
修回日期:
2022-04-09
出版日期:
2022-12-20
发布日期:
2022-10-17
通讯作者:
龚成文
作者简介:
E-mail: gongcw@163.com基金资助:
Yong-wei MI(), Cheng-wen GONG(), Wu-ping SHAO, Yun-xia PENG
Received:
2022-01-29
Revised:
2022-04-09
Online:
2022-12-20
Published:
2022-10-17
Contact:
Cheng-wen GONG
摘要:
在当归道地产区设起垄覆膜穴栽(LS)、膜侧开沟斜栽(MC)和露地开沟斜栽(LD)3种种植方式,研究不同种植方式对当归田根系层土壤含水量、温度及根系生长动态的调控效应,以期从土壤水热环境角度揭示覆膜种植的增产提效机制,为进一步全面评估当归覆膜技术体系及应用提供理论依据。结果表明:覆膜显著提高了当归返青期0~20 cm耕层土壤含水量,其中LS和MC分别较LD增加22.94%和14.57%,后期由于降水,各处理含水量间差异不显著;覆膜显著提高了0~15 cm耕层土壤日均温度,其中LS和MC较LD分别增加1.04和0.61 ℃,生育期内各处理土壤温度随土层加深而逐渐降低,温度日变化呈“S”型负正弦曲线,且随土壤深度增加土壤温度变化幅度减小,土层每加深5 cm,日变化曲线相位依次推移1 h,同时覆膜还缓解了温度下降幅度,缩短了昼夜温差。0~15 cm耕层土壤地温大于14 ℃时,覆膜后当归根系生长提前进入快速时期,其单根鲜重显著高于LD方式,采收时覆膜处理当归药材芦头茎粗和单根鲜重均较LD方式显著增加,根系长度间差异不显著。0~20 cm耕层土壤含水量与当归根长、芦头茎粗和单根鲜重均呈显著正相关,对药材产量构成起着决定性的作用。综上所述,覆膜种植改善了当归根系层土壤水热环境,具有明显的增温保墒效应,能缓解春季低温干旱和季节性水分亏缺所导致的当归生长发育缓慢的问题,可作为高寒阴湿区当归种植的高效模式。
米永伟, 龚成文, 邵武平, 彭云霞. 覆膜对高寒阴湿区土壤水热与当归根系生长的调控效应[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(12): 66-75.
Yong-wei MI, Cheng-wen GONG, Wu-ping SHAO, Yun-xia PENG. Effects of plastic film mulching on soil moisture, soil temperature and root growth of Angelica sinensis in cold and humid areas[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(12): 66-75.
处理Treatment | 种植方式Planting methods |
---|---|
起垄覆膜穴栽Hole seeding under ridging with plastic film mulching (LS) | 采用100 cm宽幅的黑膜,起垄高15 cm,垄面宽80 cm,垄沟宽35 cm,按株距20 cm,行距35 cm在膜面上开穴单株直栽。Black film with a width of 100 cm was used, ridge height was 15 cm, ridge surface width was 80 cm, ridge furrow width was 35 cm, plant spacing was 20 cm, row spacing was 35 cm, hole was cut on the film surface and single plant was planted straight. |
膜侧开沟斜栽Trenching and slant planting under film-side cultivation (MC) | 不起垄。采用35 cm宽幅的黑膜按膜间距5 cm平铺,株距15 cm单株斜栽。No ridges, black film of 35 cm width was used to spread tiled with film spacing of 5 cm, and single plant was sloped with plant spacing of 15 cm. |
露地开沟斜栽Trenching and slant planting in open field (LD) | 不起垄,不覆膜。按行距35 cm开沟,株距20 cm单株斜栽。No ridges, no film mulching, furrow according to the row spacing of 35 cm, plant spacing of 20 cm single slope planting. |
表1 各处理田间种植方式
Table 1 The planting method of different treatments in the field
处理Treatment | 种植方式Planting methods |
---|---|
起垄覆膜穴栽Hole seeding under ridging with plastic film mulching (LS) | 采用100 cm宽幅的黑膜,起垄高15 cm,垄面宽80 cm,垄沟宽35 cm,按株距20 cm,行距35 cm在膜面上开穴单株直栽。Black film with a width of 100 cm was used, ridge height was 15 cm, ridge surface width was 80 cm, ridge furrow width was 35 cm, plant spacing was 20 cm, row spacing was 35 cm, hole was cut on the film surface and single plant was planted straight. |
膜侧开沟斜栽Trenching and slant planting under film-side cultivation (MC) | 不起垄。采用35 cm宽幅的黑膜按膜间距5 cm平铺,株距15 cm单株斜栽。No ridges, black film of 35 cm width was used to spread tiled with film spacing of 5 cm, and single plant was sloped with plant spacing of 15 cm. |
露地开沟斜栽Trenching and slant planting in open field (LD) | 不起垄,不覆膜。按行距35 cm开沟,株距20 cm单株斜栽。No ridges, no film mulching, furrow according to the row spacing of 35 cm, plant spacing of 20 cm single slope planting. |
项目 Item | 月份Month | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
降水量Precipitation | 13.0 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 41.8 | 71.8 | 86.2 | 100.7 | 103.1 | 75.4 | 46.7 | 15.9 | 12.6 |
表2 岷县麻子川乡2019年月均降水量
Table 2 Average monthly precipitation in Mazichuan Country of Minxian in 2019 (mm)
项目 Item | 月份Month | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
降水量Precipitation | 13.0 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 41.8 | 71.8 | 86.2 | 100.7 | 103.1 | 75.4 | 46.7 | 15.9 | 12.6 |
处理Treatment | 0~5 cm | 5~10 cm | 10~15 cm | 0~15 cm |
---|---|---|---|---|
LS | 15.61±0.12a | 15.48±0.15a | 15.27±0.06a | 15.46±0.11a |
MC | 15.36±0.10a | 14.93±0.09b | 14.79±0.12b | 15.03±0.04b |
LD | 14.78±0.16b | 14.38±0.08c | 14.11±0.11c | 14.42±0.08c |
表3 生育期内0~15 cm耕层土壤温度的日均温度
Table 3 Changes of daily average soil temperature in 0~15 cm soil layer during growth period (24-hour average,℃)
处理Treatment | 0~5 cm | 5~10 cm | 10~15 cm | 0~15 cm |
---|---|---|---|---|
LS | 15.61±0.12a | 15.48±0.15a | 15.27±0.06a | 15.46±0.11a |
MC | 15.36±0.10a | 14.93±0.09b | 14.79±0.12b | 15.03±0.04b |
LD | 14.78±0.16b | 14.38±0.08c | 14.11±0.11c | 14.42±0.08c |
指标 Index | 处理 Treatment | 移栽后天数Days after transplant (d) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | ||
根长 Root length (cm) | LS | 12.6±1.0a | 14.9±1.8a | 16.1±2.6a | 17.8±1.6a | 18.1±0.7b | 23.1±3.5a |
MC | 12.1±1.2a | 14.2±1.3a | 18.8±1.4a | 19.1±1.7a | 24.3±2.4a | 25.8±1.6a | |
LD | 12.4±1.4a | 15.1±2.0a | 15.8±1.0a | 16.7±2.2a | 19.6±0.8b | 22.7±2.9a | |
芦头茎粗 Reed head thick stems (mm) | LS | 4.53±1.21a | 7.26±1.88a | 9.85±2.92a | 20.51±0.38a | 24.61±2.50a | 27.86±2.36a |
MC | 5.23±0.58a | 6.29±1.06a | 12.13±1.65a | 20.38±1.67a | 23.04±1.01a | 25.83±1.73ab | |
LD | 4.27±0.63a | 6.95±1.29a | 9.43±1.13a | 15.59±0.92b | 17.02±2.42b | 23.83±1.38b | |
单根鲜重 Fresh weight of single (g) | LS | 0.98±0.16ab | 2.95±0.14a | 13.75±1.40a | 30.40±1.56a | 31.67±3.01a | 81.13±5.05a |
MC | 1.13±0.19a | 3.28±0.46a | 14.12±1.56a | 28.39±4.37a | 29.44±3.63ab | 61.69±4.61b | |
LD | 0.68±0.26b | 1.62±0.76b | 6.61±1.21b | 16.91±2.66b | 22.81±4.08b | 51.23±5.23c |
表4 生育期内当归根系生长变化动态
Table 4 Dynamics of root growth of A. sinensis during growth period
指标 Index | 处理 Treatment | 移栽后天数Days after transplant (d) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 | 60 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 180 | ||
根长 Root length (cm) | LS | 12.6±1.0a | 14.9±1.8a | 16.1±2.6a | 17.8±1.6a | 18.1±0.7b | 23.1±3.5a |
MC | 12.1±1.2a | 14.2±1.3a | 18.8±1.4a | 19.1±1.7a | 24.3±2.4a | 25.8±1.6a | |
LD | 12.4±1.4a | 15.1±2.0a | 15.8±1.0a | 16.7±2.2a | 19.6±0.8b | 22.7±2.9a | |
芦头茎粗 Reed head thick stems (mm) | LS | 4.53±1.21a | 7.26±1.88a | 9.85±2.92a | 20.51±0.38a | 24.61±2.50a | 27.86±2.36a |
MC | 5.23±0.58a | 6.29±1.06a | 12.13±1.65a | 20.38±1.67a | 23.04±1.01a | 25.83±1.73ab | |
LD | 4.27±0.63a | 6.95±1.29a | 9.43±1.13a | 15.59±0.92b | 17.02±2.42b | 23.83±1.38b | |
单根鲜重 Fresh weight of single (g) | LS | 0.98±0.16ab | 2.95±0.14a | 13.75±1.40a | 30.40±1.56a | 31.67±3.01a | 81.13±5.05a |
MC | 1.13±0.19a | 3.28±0.46a | 14.12±1.56a | 28.39±4.37a | 29.44±3.63ab | 61.69±4.61b | |
LD | 0.68±0.26b | 1.62±0.76b | 6.61±1.21b | 16.91±2.66b | 22.81±4.08b | 51.23±5.23c |
指标 Indicator | WC (20~30 cm) | RL | RHTS | FWS | 温度Temperature | WC (0~10 cm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~5 cm | 5~10 cm | 10~15 cm | ||||||
根长Root length (RL) | 0.602 | |||||||
芦头茎粗Reed head thick stems (RHTS) | 0.630 | 0.961** | ||||||
单根鲜重Fresh weight of single (FWS) | 0.568 | 0.944** | 0.924** | |||||
温度Temperature (0~5 cm) | 0.421 | -0.070 | 0.037 | -0.273 | ||||
温度Temperature (5~10 cm) | 0.441 | -0.033 | 0.073 | -0.239 | 0.999** | |||
温度Temperature (10~15 cm) | 0.484 | 0.044 | 0.149 | -0.165 | 0.993** | 0.997** | ||
含水量Water content (WC, 0~10 cm) | 0.552 | 0.814* | 0.827* | 0.809* | 0.416 | 0.448 | 0.512 | |
WC (10~20 cm) | 0.762 | 0.918** | 0.936** | 0.812* | 0.193 | 0.227 | 0.297 | 0.775 |
表5 土壤水热与当归根系生长指标间的关系
Table 5 Correlation coefficients between soil water content and temperature and root growth index of A. sinensis
指标 Indicator | WC (20~30 cm) | RL | RHTS | FWS | 温度Temperature | WC (0~10 cm) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~5 cm | 5~10 cm | 10~15 cm | ||||||
根长Root length (RL) | 0.602 | |||||||
芦头茎粗Reed head thick stems (RHTS) | 0.630 | 0.961** | ||||||
单根鲜重Fresh weight of single (FWS) | 0.568 | 0.944** | 0.924** | |||||
温度Temperature (0~5 cm) | 0.421 | -0.070 | 0.037 | -0.273 | ||||
温度Temperature (5~10 cm) | 0.441 | -0.033 | 0.073 | -0.239 | 0.999** | |||
温度Temperature (10~15 cm) | 0.484 | 0.044 | 0.149 | -0.165 | 0.993** | 0.997** | ||
含水量Water content (WC, 0~10 cm) | 0.552 | 0.814* | 0.827* | 0.809* | 0.416 | 0.448 | 0.512 | |
WC (10~20 cm) | 0.762 | 0.918** | 0.936** | 0.812* | 0.193 | 0.227 | 0.297 | 0.775 |
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