草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 52-65.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021469
王海娣1,2(), 张勇1,2, 高玉红1,2(), 吴兵1,3, 剡斌1,2, 崔政军1,2, 王一帆1,2, 张雪1,2
收稿日期:
2021-12-13
修回日期:
2022-03-14
出版日期:
2022-12-20
发布日期:
2022-10-17
通讯作者:
高玉红
作者简介:
E-mail: gaoyh@gsau.edu.cn基金资助:
Hai-di WANG1,2(), Yong ZHANG1,2, Yu-hong GAO1,2(), Bing WU1,3, Bin YAN1,2, Zheng-jun CUI1,2, Yi-fan WANG1,2, Xue ZHANG1,2
Received:
2021-12-13
Revised:
2022-03-14
Online:
2022-12-20
Published:
2022-10-17
Contact:
Yu-hong GAO
摘要:
为探究适宜旱作农业区胡麻生产的种植模式,基于2012年开始的田间长期定位试验(4年一个轮作周期),研究了胡麻→胡麻→胡麻→胡麻[(F)FFF]、胡麻→小麦→马铃薯→胡麻[(F)WPF]、胡麻→马铃薯→胡麻→小麦[(F)PFW]、胡麻→胡麻→小麦→马铃薯[(F)FWP]、胡麻→小麦→胡麻→马铃薯[(F)WFP]和胡麻→小麦→马铃薯→小麦[(F)WPW]6种不同轮作模式下作物茬口、胡麻种植频率、胡麻间隔种植年限及连作年限对半干旱农业区胡麻株高、茎粗、干物质积累分配及籽粒产量的影响。轮作后第9年研究结果表明:与连作胡麻处理相比,轮作显著提高了籽粒产量,增幅为29.89%~109.57%,处理间依次表现为(F)WPW>(F)FWP>(F)WFP>(F)PFW>(F)WPF>(F)FFF,且受茬口、频率、间隔年限和连作年限影响显著,小麦茬和马铃薯茬较胡麻茬提高了54.45%~59.29%,25%频率分别较50%和100%频率显著增加了30.66%和109.57%,2年连作较4年连作高出29.89%,并且胡麻籽粒产量随间隔年限增加而增加。相关性分析结果显示,胡麻籽粒产量与有效蒴果数、分枝数和千粒重均呈显著正相关关系,且轮作处理下胡麻有效蒴果数、分枝数和千粒重分别较连作显著增加35.88%~108.91%、15.47%~46.19%和14.61%~16.34%。同时,胡麻高产伴随着株高、茎粗与干物质积累量的增加,全生育期轮作较连作分别增加了5.11%~42.24%、2.77%~39.92%和31.25%~117.89%,且随连作年限的缩短、茬口的更换、胡麻种植频率的减少及间隔种植年限的增加而增加。可见,通过轮作换茬可改善胡麻株高和茎粗的生长状况,优化其干物质积累与分配规律,增加胡麻分枝数、有效蒴果数和千粒重,进而提高籽粒产量。说明多元化轮作模式是解决胡麻因连作导致减产的有效种植方式,且胡麻→小麦→马铃薯→小麦是西北旱作区适宜的轮作模式。
王海娣, 张勇, 高玉红, 吴兵, 剡斌, 崔政军, 王一帆, 张雪. 胡麻籽粒产量及相关农艺性状对多元化轮作模式的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(12): 52-65.
Hai-di WANG, Yong ZHANG, Yu-hong GAO, Bing WU, Bin YAN, Zheng-jun CUI, Yi-fan WANG, Xue ZHANG. Response of grain yield and related agronomic traits of oilseed flax to diversified cropping rotations[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(12): 52-65.
处理Treatment | 代码Code | 轮作序列描述Rotation system description |
---|---|---|
胡麻→胡麻→胡麻→胡麻 Flax→flax→flax→flax (100%胡麻Flax) | (F)FFF | 2012年开始种植胡麻至今。 Flax began to be planted in 2012 until now. |
胡麻→小麦→马铃薯→胡麻 Flax→wheat→potato→flax (50%胡麻Flax) | (F)WPF | 2012年胡麻,2017-2020(2013-2016)依次种植胡麻、小麦、马铃薯、胡麻,2021年胡麻。 Flax began to be planted 2012, then planted flax, wheat, potato, flax from 2017 to 2020 (2013-2016), planted flax in 2021. |
胡麻→马铃薯→胡麻→小麦 Flax→potato→flax→wheat (50%胡麻Flax) | (F)PFW | 2012年胡麻,2017-2020(2013-2016)依次种植胡麻、马铃薯、胡麻、小麦,2021年胡麻。 Flax began to be planted 2012, then planted flax, potato, flax, wheat from 2017 to 2020 (2013-2016), planted flax in 2021. |
胡麻→胡麻→小麦→马铃薯 Flax→flax→wheat→potato (50%胡麻Flax) | (F)FWP | 2012年胡麻,2017-2020(2013-2016)依次种植胡麻、胡麻、小麦、马铃薯,2021年胡麻。 Flax began to be planted 2012, then planted flax, flax, wheat, potato from 2017 to 2020 (2013-2016), planted flax in 2021. |
胡麻→小麦→胡麻→马铃薯 Flax→wheat→flax→potato (50%胡麻Flax) | (F)WFP | 2012年胡麻,2017-2020(2013-2016)依次种植胡麻、小麦、胡麻、马铃薯,2021年胡麻。 Flax began to be planted 2012, then planted flax, wheat, flax, potato from 2017 to 2020 (2013-2016), planted flax in 2021. |
胡麻→小麦→马铃薯→小麦 Flax→wheat→potato→wheat (25%胡麻Flax) | (F)WPW | 2012年胡麻,2017-2020(2013-2016)依次种植胡麻、小麦、马铃薯、小麦,2021年胡麻。 Flax began to be planted 2012, then planted flax, wheat, potato, wheat from 2017 to 2020 (2013-2016), planted flax in 2021. |
表1 试验处理描述
Table 1 Treatments description
处理Treatment | 代码Code | 轮作序列描述Rotation system description |
---|---|---|
胡麻→胡麻→胡麻→胡麻 Flax→flax→flax→flax (100%胡麻Flax) | (F)FFF | 2012年开始种植胡麻至今。 Flax began to be planted in 2012 until now. |
胡麻→小麦→马铃薯→胡麻 Flax→wheat→potato→flax (50%胡麻Flax) | (F)WPF | 2012年胡麻,2017-2020(2013-2016)依次种植胡麻、小麦、马铃薯、胡麻,2021年胡麻。 Flax began to be planted 2012, then planted flax, wheat, potato, flax from 2017 to 2020 (2013-2016), planted flax in 2021. |
胡麻→马铃薯→胡麻→小麦 Flax→potato→flax→wheat (50%胡麻Flax) | (F)PFW | 2012年胡麻,2017-2020(2013-2016)依次种植胡麻、马铃薯、胡麻、小麦,2021年胡麻。 Flax began to be planted 2012, then planted flax, potato, flax, wheat from 2017 to 2020 (2013-2016), planted flax in 2021. |
胡麻→胡麻→小麦→马铃薯 Flax→flax→wheat→potato (50%胡麻Flax) | (F)FWP | 2012年胡麻,2017-2020(2013-2016)依次种植胡麻、胡麻、小麦、马铃薯,2021年胡麻。 Flax began to be planted 2012, then planted flax, flax, wheat, potato from 2017 to 2020 (2013-2016), planted flax in 2021. |
胡麻→小麦→胡麻→马铃薯 Flax→wheat→flax→potato (50%胡麻Flax) | (F)WFP | 2012年胡麻,2017-2020(2013-2016)依次种植胡麻、小麦、胡麻、马铃薯,2021年胡麻。 Flax began to be planted 2012, then planted flax, wheat, flax, potato from 2017 to 2020 (2013-2016), planted flax in 2021. |
胡麻→小麦→马铃薯→小麦 Flax→wheat→potato→wheat (25%胡麻Flax) | (F)WPW | 2012年胡麻,2017-2020(2013-2016)依次种植胡麻、小麦、马铃薯、小麦,2021年胡麻。 Flax began to be planted 2012, then planted flax, wheat, potato, wheat from 2017 to 2020 (2013-2016), planted flax in 2021. |
图1 轮作模式对胡麻株高的影响不同小写字母表示同一时期不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments in the same period (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig. 1 Effects of rotation patterns on plant height of oilseed flax
项目Item | 处理Treatment | 苗期Seedling | 现蕾期Budding | 盛花期Anthesis | 青果期Kernel | 成熟期Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茬口 Previous crop | 胡麻Flax | 12.65±0.25b | 39.04±1.13b | 44.75±0.77b | 48.05±1.56b | 48.29±1.81b |
小麦Wheat | 14.69±0.60a | 43.65±1.80a | 48.37±1.74ab | 55.44±3.11a | 57.95±2.72a | |
马铃薯Potato | 13.64±0.36ab | 45.18±0.91a | 49.91±1.72a | 56.54±1.09a | 57.73±0.82a | |
频率 Frequency | 100% | 12.34±0.28b | 36.83±0.84c | 43.54±0.98b | 44.82±1.05c | 44.77±0.17c |
50% | 13.45±0.23b | 42.86±0.89b | 47.69±1.12ab | 53.33±1.20b | 54.87±1.05b | |
25% | 15.83±0.55a | 47.47±0.62a | 51.74±1.16a | 61.93±1.76a | 63.68±1.83a | |
间隔年限 Interval years (a) | 0 | 12.65±0.25b | 39.04±1.13c | 44.75±0.77b | 48.05±1.56c | 48.29±1.81c |
1 | 13.50±0.27b | 42.24±1.20bc | 47.98±1.87ab | 52.65±1.87bc | 54.38±1.13b | |
2 | 13.82±0.65b | 45.70±1.95ab | 48.84±2.72ab | 56.75±2.26ab | 58.90±0.99ab | |
3 | 15.83±0.55a | 47.47±0.62a | 51.74±1.16a | 61.93±1.76a | 63.68±1.83a |
表2 茬口、频率和间隔年限对胡麻株高的影响
Table 2 Effects of previous crop,frequency and interval years on plant height of oilseed flax (cm)
项目Item | 处理Treatment | 苗期Seedling | 现蕾期Budding | 盛花期Anthesis | 青果期Kernel | 成熟期Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茬口 Previous crop | 胡麻Flax | 12.65±0.25b | 39.04±1.13b | 44.75±0.77b | 48.05±1.56b | 48.29±1.81b |
小麦Wheat | 14.69±0.60a | 43.65±1.80a | 48.37±1.74ab | 55.44±3.11a | 57.95±2.72a | |
马铃薯Potato | 13.64±0.36ab | 45.18±0.91a | 49.91±1.72a | 56.54±1.09a | 57.73±0.82a | |
频率 Frequency | 100% | 12.34±0.28b | 36.83±0.84c | 43.54±0.98b | 44.82±1.05c | 44.77±0.17c |
50% | 13.45±0.23b | 42.86±0.89b | 47.69±1.12ab | 53.33±1.20b | 54.87±1.05b | |
25% | 15.83±0.55a | 47.47±0.62a | 51.74±1.16a | 61.93±1.76a | 63.68±1.83a | |
间隔年限 Interval years (a) | 0 | 12.65±0.25b | 39.04±1.13c | 44.75±0.77b | 48.05±1.56c | 48.29±1.81c |
1 | 13.50±0.27b | 42.24±1.20bc | 47.98±1.87ab | 52.65±1.87bc | 54.38±1.13b | |
2 | 13.82±0.65b | 45.70±1.95ab | 48.84±2.72ab | 56.75±2.26ab | 58.90±0.99ab | |
3 | 15.83±0.55a | 47.47±0.62a | 51.74±1.16a | 61.93±1.76a | 63.68±1.83a |
项目Item | 处理Treatment | 苗期Seedling | 现蕾期Budding | 盛花期Anthesis | 青果期Kernel | 成熟期Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茬口 Previous crop | 胡麻Flax | 1.55±0.07b | 2.57±0.06b | 2.70±0.08b | 2.48±0.05b | 2.40±0.09b |
小麦Wheat | 1.74±0.08ab | 2.85±0.08a | 3.07±0.11ab | 3.07±0.17a | 2.85±0.09a | |
马铃薯Potato | 1.84±0.11a | 2.80±0.07a | 2.96±0.12a | 3.16±0.10a | 2.89±0.09a | |
频率 Frequency | 100% | 1.44±0.05b | 2.53±0.10b | 2.57±0.07b | 2.43±0.10b | 2.32±0.17b |
50% | 1.74±0.07ab | 2.74±0.05ab | 2.90±0.07b | 2.90±0.10b | 2.73±0.07a | |
25% | 1.88±0.10a | 2.96±0.06a | 3.27±0.14a | 3.40±0.11a | 3.03±0.08a | |
间隔年限 Interval years (a) | 0 | 1.55±0.07c | 2.57±0.06b | 2.70±0.08b | 2.48±0.05c | 2.40±0.09b |
1 | 1.63±0.04bc | 2.80±0.08ab | 2.92±0.07ab | 2.98±0.13b | 2.82±0.10a | |
2 | 2.01±0.18a | 2.74±0.09ab | 2.95±0.23ab | 3.10±0.18ab | 2.78±0.13a | |
3 | 1.88±0.10ab | 2.96±0.06a | 3.27±0.14a | 3.40±0.11a | 3.03±0.08a |
表3 茬口、频率和间隔年限对胡麻茎粗的影响
Table 3 Effects of previous crop,frequency and interval years on stem diameter of oilseed flax (mm)
项目Item | 处理Treatment | 苗期Seedling | 现蕾期Budding | 盛花期Anthesis | 青果期Kernel | 成熟期Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茬口 Previous crop | 胡麻Flax | 1.55±0.07b | 2.57±0.06b | 2.70±0.08b | 2.48±0.05b | 2.40±0.09b |
小麦Wheat | 1.74±0.08ab | 2.85±0.08a | 3.07±0.11ab | 3.07±0.17a | 2.85±0.09a | |
马铃薯Potato | 1.84±0.11a | 2.80±0.07a | 2.96±0.12a | 3.16±0.10a | 2.89±0.09a | |
频率 Frequency | 100% | 1.44±0.05b | 2.53±0.10b | 2.57±0.07b | 2.43±0.10b | 2.32±0.17b |
50% | 1.74±0.07ab | 2.74±0.05ab | 2.90±0.07b | 2.90±0.10b | 2.73±0.07a | |
25% | 1.88±0.10a | 2.96±0.06a | 3.27±0.14a | 3.40±0.11a | 3.03±0.08a | |
间隔年限 Interval years (a) | 0 | 1.55±0.07c | 2.57±0.06b | 2.70±0.08b | 2.48±0.05c | 2.40±0.09b |
1 | 1.63±0.04bc | 2.80±0.08ab | 2.92±0.07ab | 2.98±0.13b | 2.82±0.10a | |
2 | 2.01±0.18a | 2.74±0.09ab | 2.95±0.23ab | 3.10±0.18ab | 2.78±0.13a | |
3 | 1.88±0.10ab | 2.96±0.06a | 3.27±0.14a | 3.40±0.11a | 3.03±0.08a |
项目Item | 处理Treatment | 苗期Seedling | 现蕾期Budding | 盛花期Anthesis | 青果期Kernel | 成熟期Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茬口 Previous crop | 胡麻Flax | 236.57±12.18b | 1209.54±42.80b | 1651.27±91.41b | 2652.52±157.05b | 3204.80±238.08b |
小麦Wheat | 344.23±14.51a | 1740.75±26.67a | 2653.00±69.97a | 4284.96±119.56a | 4786.66±96.09a | |
马铃薯Potato | 355.58±30.43a | 1743.02±124.97a | 2438.87±199.51a | 4229.48±359.29a | 4826.61±378.21a | |
频率 Frequency | 100% | 209.55±1.33c | 1121.76±2.92c | 1458.16±62.65c | 2302.68±28.12c | 2682.09±74.49c |
50% | 310.00±12.80b | 1562.97±59.48b | 2286.06±116.90b | 3753.49±176.96b | 4323.65±152.08b | |
25% | 423.23±2.18a | 2013.00±57.46a | 2883.87±16.73a | 5017.30±143.65a | 5659.45±100.41a | |
间隔年限 Interval years (a) | 0 | 236.57±12.18d | 1209.54±42.80c | 1651.27±91.41c | 2652.52±157.05c | 3204.80±238.08d |
1 | 300.10±6.62c | 1623.60±72.74b | 2252.25±119.40b | 3756.08±151.18b | 4300.85±149.46c | |
2 | 376.20±2.86b | 1707.34±23.44b | 2795.37±20.23a | 4499.43±119.18a | 4965.38±91.35b | |
3 | 423.23±2.18a | 2013.00±57.46a | 2883.87±16.73a | 5017.30±143.65a | 5659.45±100.41a |
表4 茬口、频率和间隔年限对胡麻干物质积累的影响
Table 4 Effects of previous crop,frequency and interval years on dry matter accumulation of oilseed flax (kg·hm-2)
项目Item | 处理Treatment | 苗期Seedling | 现蕾期Budding | 盛花期Anthesis | 青果期Kernel | 成熟期Maturity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茬口 Previous crop | 胡麻Flax | 236.57±12.18b | 1209.54±42.80b | 1651.27±91.41b | 2652.52±157.05b | 3204.80±238.08b |
小麦Wheat | 344.23±14.51a | 1740.75±26.67a | 2653.00±69.97a | 4284.96±119.56a | 4786.66±96.09a | |
马铃薯Potato | 355.58±30.43a | 1743.02±124.97a | 2438.87±199.51a | 4229.48±359.29a | 4826.61±378.21a | |
频率 Frequency | 100% | 209.55±1.33c | 1121.76±2.92c | 1458.16±62.65c | 2302.68±28.12c | 2682.09±74.49c |
50% | 310.00±12.80b | 1562.97±59.48b | 2286.06±116.90b | 3753.49±176.96b | 4323.65±152.08b | |
25% | 423.23±2.18a | 2013.00±57.46a | 2883.87±16.73a | 5017.30±143.65a | 5659.45±100.41a | |
间隔年限 Interval years (a) | 0 | 236.57±12.18d | 1209.54±42.80c | 1651.27±91.41c | 2652.52±157.05c | 3204.80±238.08d |
1 | 300.10±6.62c | 1623.60±72.74b | 2252.25±119.40b | 3756.08±151.18b | 4300.85±149.46c | |
2 | 376.20±2.86b | 1707.34±23.44b | 2795.37±20.23a | 4499.43±119.18a | 4965.38±91.35b | |
3 | 423.23±2.18a | 2013.00±57.46a | 2883.87±16.73a | 5017.30±143.65a | 5659.45±100.41a |
生育期Growth stage | 处理 Treatment | 茎 Stem | 叶 Leaves | 蕾/花/蒴果 Buds/flowers/capsules | 籽粒 Seed | 果皮 Pod |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 Seedling | (F)FFF | 66.83±1.25f | 142.73±1.65e | - | - | - |
(F)WPF | 86.63±1.49e | 176.96±3.57d | - | - | - | |
(F)PFW | 94.88±2.24d | 193.05±5.83c | - | - | - | |
(F)FWP | 138.60±2.86b | 237.60±5.72b | - | - | - | |
(F)WFP | 112.61±0.71c | 199.65±4.55c | - | - | - | |
(F)WPW | 150.98±3.70a | 272.25±3.83a | - | - | - | |
现蕾期 Budding | (F)FFF | 547.55±9.89e | 522.22±3.78e | 51.98±1.43d | - | - |
(F)WPF | 652.58±38.68d | 589.05±17.85d | 55.69±2.14d | - | - | |
(F)PFW | 753.23±47.45c | 656.70±18.24c | 63.11±1.84c | - | - | |
(F)FWP | 900.90±9.67b | 743.33±19.20b | 63.11±3.57c | - | - | |
(F)WFP | 914.93±70.54b | 788.70±21.47ab | 70.54±2.14b | - | - | |
(F)WPW | 1104.68±79.45a | 826.65±13.71a | 81.68±1.46a | - | - | |
盛花期 Anthesis | (F)FFF | 730.62±40.43d | 578.32±24.20e | 149.22±10.93c | - | - |
(F)WPF | 994.95±7.55c | 682.11±25.34d | 167.31±7.09c | - | - | |
(F)PFW | 1043.46±28.71c | 781.11±6.86c | 169.29±7.77c | - | - | |
(F)FWP | 1661.71±23.15a | 881.21±1.20b | 252.45±8.41a | - | - | |
(F)WFP | 1513.21±42.01b | 779.13±25.85c | 218.29±2.57b | - | - | |
(F)WPW | 1677.06±20.30a | 948.42±3.57a | 258.39±1.71a | - | - | |
青果期 Kernel | (F)FFF | 1092.54±13.54e | 517.39±7.73e | 692.75±33.92e | - | - |
(F)WPF | 1501.97±12.86d | 553.34±3.06e | 947.04±27.86d | - | - | |
(F)PFW | 1824.43±114.32c | 648.21±16.98d | 969.02±47.30d | - | - | |
(F)FWP | 2159.14±66.06b | 842.68±29.02b | 1497.61±24.55b | - | - | |
(F)WFP | 1980.00±21.94bc | 776.09±23.48c | 1314.40±60.73c | - | - | |
(F)WPW | 2414.78±81.24a | 938.14±19.53a | 1664.38±67.67a | - | - | |
成熟期 Maturity | (F)FFF | 1103.36±63.02d | - | 1578.74±99.26e | 1025.27±23.68f | 553.47±75.76c |
(F)WPF | 1806.51±27.01c | - | 1921.00±46.72d | 1331.70±33.62e | 589.30±22.91c | |
(F)PFW | 1942.38±85.37bc | - | 2051.39±27.37d | 1491.70±21.82d | 559.69±18.35c | |
(F)FWP | 2189.64±117.03b | - | 2775.75±28.79b | 1984.05±1.76b | 791.70±30.22b | |
(F)WFP | 2109.45±60.45b | - | 2498.49±45.63c | 1770.20±26.44c | 728.29±26.91bc | |
(F)WPW | 2525.07±107.49a | - | 3134.39±133.24a | 2148.65±31.15a | 985.74±103.00a |
表5 不同轮作模式对胡麻干物质分配的影响
Table 5 Effects of different crop rotation patterns on dry matter distribution of oilseed flax (kg·hm-2)
生育期Growth stage | 处理 Treatment | 茎 Stem | 叶 Leaves | 蕾/花/蒴果 Buds/flowers/capsules | 籽粒 Seed | 果皮 Pod |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期 Seedling | (F)FFF | 66.83±1.25f | 142.73±1.65e | - | - | - |
(F)WPF | 86.63±1.49e | 176.96±3.57d | - | - | - | |
(F)PFW | 94.88±2.24d | 193.05±5.83c | - | - | - | |
(F)FWP | 138.60±2.86b | 237.60±5.72b | - | - | - | |
(F)WFP | 112.61±0.71c | 199.65±4.55c | - | - | - | |
(F)WPW | 150.98±3.70a | 272.25±3.83a | - | - | - | |
现蕾期 Budding | (F)FFF | 547.55±9.89e | 522.22±3.78e | 51.98±1.43d | - | - |
(F)WPF | 652.58±38.68d | 589.05±17.85d | 55.69±2.14d | - | - | |
(F)PFW | 753.23±47.45c | 656.70±18.24c | 63.11±1.84c | - | - | |
(F)FWP | 900.90±9.67b | 743.33±19.20b | 63.11±3.57c | - | - | |
(F)WFP | 914.93±70.54b | 788.70±21.47ab | 70.54±2.14b | - | - | |
(F)WPW | 1104.68±79.45a | 826.65±13.71a | 81.68±1.46a | - | - | |
盛花期 Anthesis | (F)FFF | 730.62±40.43d | 578.32±24.20e | 149.22±10.93c | - | - |
(F)WPF | 994.95±7.55c | 682.11±25.34d | 167.31±7.09c | - | - | |
(F)PFW | 1043.46±28.71c | 781.11±6.86c | 169.29±7.77c | - | - | |
(F)FWP | 1661.71±23.15a | 881.21±1.20b | 252.45±8.41a | - | - | |
(F)WFP | 1513.21±42.01b | 779.13±25.85c | 218.29±2.57b | - | - | |
(F)WPW | 1677.06±20.30a | 948.42±3.57a | 258.39±1.71a | - | - | |
青果期 Kernel | (F)FFF | 1092.54±13.54e | 517.39±7.73e | 692.75±33.92e | - | - |
(F)WPF | 1501.97±12.86d | 553.34±3.06e | 947.04±27.86d | - | - | |
(F)PFW | 1824.43±114.32c | 648.21±16.98d | 969.02±47.30d | - | - | |
(F)FWP | 2159.14±66.06b | 842.68±29.02b | 1497.61±24.55b | - | - | |
(F)WFP | 1980.00±21.94bc | 776.09±23.48c | 1314.40±60.73c | - | - | |
(F)WPW | 2414.78±81.24a | 938.14±19.53a | 1664.38±67.67a | - | - | |
成熟期 Maturity | (F)FFF | 1103.36±63.02d | - | 1578.74±99.26e | 1025.27±23.68f | 553.47±75.76c |
(F)WPF | 1806.51±27.01c | - | 1921.00±46.72d | 1331.70±33.62e | 589.30±22.91c | |
(F)PFW | 1942.38±85.37bc | - | 2051.39±27.37d | 1491.70±21.82d | 559.69±18.35c | |
(F)FWP | 2189.64±117.03b | - | 2775.75±28.79b | 1984.05±1.76b | 791.70±30.22b | |
(F)WFP | 2109.45±60.45b | - | 2498.49±45.63c | 1770.20±26.44c | 728.29±26.91bc | |
(F)WPW | 2525.07±107.49a | - | 3134.39±133.24a | 2148.65±31.15a | 985.74±103.00a |
处理 Treatment | 分茎数 Stem number | 分枝数 Branch number | 有效蒴果数 Capsule number | 籽粒数 Seed number per pot | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(F)FFF | 1.00±0.00a | 4.33±0.33c | 11.33±1.45c | 8.67±0.33a | 6.30±0.18b | 1025.27±23.68f |
(F)WPF | 1.33±0.33a | 5.00±0.00ab | 17.67±0.67b | 9.00±1.00a | 6.17±0.38b | 1331.70±33.62e |
(F)PFW | 1.33±0.33a | 5.33±0.33ab | 17.00±0.58b | 8.67±0.33a | 7.22±0.08a | 1491.70±21.82d |
(F)FWP | 1.33±0.33a | 6.00±0.58a | 21.33±1.20a | 8.67±0.33a | 7.37±0.42a | 1984.05±1.76b |
(F)WFP | 1.33±0.33a | 5.67±0.67ab | 22.67±1.76a | 9.00±0.58a | 7.25±0.16a | 1770.20±26.44c |
(F)WPW | 2.00±0.58a | 6.33±0.33a | 23.67±0.88a | 8.33±0.33a | 7.33±0.06a | 2148.65±31.15a |
表6 不同轮作模式对胡麻籽粒产量及其相关性状的影响
Table 6 Effects of different rotation patterns on grain yield and yield composition of oilseed flax
处理 Treatment | 分茎数 Stem number | 分枝数 Branch number | 有效蒴果数 Capsule number | 籽粒数 Seed number per pot | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(F)FFF | 1.00±0.00a | 4.33±0.33c | 11.33±1.45c | 8.67±0.33a | 6.30±0.18b | 1025.27±23.68f |
(F)WPF | 1.33±0.33a | 5.00±0.00ab | 17.67±0.67b | 9.00±1.00a | 6.17±0.38b | 1331.70±33.62e |
(F)PFW | 1.33±0.33a | 5.33±0.33ab | 17.00±0.58b | 8.67±0.33a | 7.22±0.08a | 1491.70±21.82d |
(F)FWP | 1.33±0.33a | 6.00±0.58a | 21.33±1.20a | 8.67±0.33a | 7.37±0.42a | 1984.05±1.76b |
(F)WFP | 1.33±0.33a | 5.67±0.67ab | 22.67±1.76a | 9.00±0.58a | 7.25±0.16a | 1770.20±26.44c |
(F)WPW | 2.00±0.58a | 6.33±0.33a | 23.67±0.88a | 8.33±0.33a | 7.33±0.06a | 2148.65±31.15a |
项目 Item | 处理 Treatment | 分茎数 Stem number | 分枝数 Branch number | 有效蒴果数 Capsule number | 籽粒数 Seed number per pot | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茬口 Previous crop | 胡麻Flax | 1.17±0.17a | 4.67±0.21b | 14.50±1.59b | 8.83±0.48a | 6.23±0.19b | 1178.48±70.95b |
小麦Wheat | 1.67±0.33a | 5.83±0.31a | 20.33±1.56a | 8.50±0.22a | 7.28±0.05a | 1820.18±147.88a | |
马铃薯Potato | 1.33±0.21a | 5.83±0.40a | 22.00±1.00a | 8.83±0.31a | 7.31±0.20a | 1877.13±49.27a | |
频率 Frequency | 100% | 1.00±0.00b | 4.33±0.33b | 11.33±1.45b | 8.67±0.33a | 6.30±0.18b | 1025.27±23.68c |
50% | 1.33±0.14ab | 5.50±0.23a | 19.67±0.87a | 8.83±0.27a | 7.00±0.19ab | 1644.41±76.41b | |
25% | 2.00±0.58a | 6.33±0.33a | 23.67±0.88a | 8.33±0.33a | 7.33±0.06a | 2148.65±31.15a | |
间隔年限 Interval years | 0 | 1.17±0.17a | 4.67±0.21b | 14.50±1.59b | 8.83±0.48a | 6.23±0.19b | 1178.48±70.95c |
1 | 1.33±0.21a | 5.50±0.34ab | 19.83±1.51a | 8.83±0.31a | 7.23±0.08a | 1630.95±64.13b | |
2 | 1.33±0.33a | 6.00±0.58a | 21.33±1.20a | 8.67±0.33a | 7.37±0.42a | 1984.05±1.76a | |
3 | 2.00±0.58a | 6.33±0.33a | 23.67±0.88a | 8.33±0.33a | 7.33±0.06a | 2148.65±31.15a |
表7 茬口、频率和间隔年限对胡麻籽粒产量及其相关性状的影响
Table 7 Effects of previous crop,frequency and interval years on yield and yield composition of oilseed flax
项目 Item | 处理 Treatment | 分茎数 Stem number | 分枝数 Branch number | 有效蒴果数 Capsule number | 籽粒数 Seed number per pot | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
茬口 Previous crop | 胡麻Flax | 1.17±0.17a | 4.67±0.21b | 14.50±1.59b | 8.83±0.48a | 6.23±0.19b | 1178.48±70.95b |
小麦Wheat | 1.67±0.33a | 5.83±0.31a | 20.33±1.56a | 8.50±0.22a | 7.28±0.05a | 1820.18±147.88a | |
马铃薯Potato | 1.33±0.21a | 5.83±0.40a | 22.00±1.00a | 8.83±0.31a | 7.31±0.20a | 1877.13±49.27a | |
频率 Frequency | 100% | 1.00±0.00b | 4.33±0.33b | 11.33±1.45b | 8.67±0.33a | 6.30±0.18b | 1025.27±23.68c |
50% | 1.33±0.14ab | 5.50±0.23a | 19.67±0.87a | 8.83±0.27a | 7.00±0.19ab | 1644.41±76.41b | |
25% | 2.00±0.58a | 6.33±0.33a | 23.67±0.88a | 8.33±0.33a | 7.33±0.06a | 2148.65±31.15a | |
间隔年限 Interval years | 0 | 1.17±0.17a | 4.67±0.21b | 14.50±1.59b | 8.83±0.48a | 6.23±0.19b | 1178.48±70.95c |
1 | 1.33±0.21a | 5.50±0.34ab | 19.83±1.51a | 8.83±0.31a | 7.23±0.08a | 1630.95±64.13b | |
2 | 1.33±0.33a | 6.00±0.58a | 21.33±1.20a | 8.67±0.33a | 7.37±0.42a | 1984.05±1.76a | |
3 | 2.00±0.58a | 6.33±0.33a | 23.67±0.88a | 8.33±0.33a | 7.33±0.06a | 2148.65±31.15a |
指标 Index | 分茎数 Stem number | 分枝数 Branch number | 有效蒴果数 Capsule number | 籽粒数 Seed number per pot | 千粒重 1000-grain weight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
分枝数Branch number | 0.813* | ||||
有效蒴果数Capsule number | 0.754 | 0.945** | |||
籽粒数Seed number per pot | -0.596 | -0.412 | -0.138 | ||
千粒重1000-grain weight | 0.523 | 0.846* | 0.739 | -0.411 | |
产量Grain yield | 0.794 | 0.995** | 0.938** | -0.428 | 0.842* |
表8 不同轮作模式下胡麻籽粒产量与产量性状的相关性分析
Table 8 Correlation analysis of oilseed flax grain yield and yield composition under different rotation patterns
指标 Index | 分茎数 Stem number | 分枝数 Branch number | 有效蒴果数 Capsule number | 籽粒数 Seed number per pot | 千粒重 1000-grain weight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
分枝数Branch number | 0.813* | ||||
有效蒴果数Capsule number | 0.754 | 0.945** | |||
籽粒数Seed number per pot | -0.596 | -0.412 | -0.138 | ||
千粒重1000-grain weight | 0.523 | 0.846* | 0.739 | -0.411 | |
产量Grain yield | 0.794 | 0.995** | 0.938** | -0.428 | 0.842* |
生育时期 Growth stage | 分茎数 Stem number | 分枝数 Branch number | 有效蒴果数 Capsule number | 籽粒数 Seed number per pot | 千粒重 1000-grain weight | 籽粒产量 Grain yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期Seedling | 0.853* | 0.978** | 0.884* | -0.553 | 0.786 | 0.983** |
现蕾期Budding | 0.827* | 0.967** | 0.945** | -0.414 | 0.845* | 0.970** |
盛花期Anthesis | 0.734 | 0.981** | 0.941** | -0.366 | 0.835* | 0.994** |
青果期Kernel | 0.813* | 0.995** | 0.938** | -0.447 | 0.846* | 0.999** |
成熟期Maturity | 0.851* | 0.996** | 0.955** | -0.413 | 0.804 | 0.991** |
表9 不同轮作模式下胡麻干物质积累量与籽粒产量及其性状的相关性分析
Table 9 Correlation analysis between dry matter accumulation and grain yield and yield composition of oilseed flax under different rotation patterns
生育时期 Growth stage | 分茎数 Stem number | 分枝数 Branch number | 有效蒴果数 Capsule number | 籽粒数 Seed number per pot | 千粒重 1000-grain weight | 籽粒产量 Grain yield |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苗期Seedling | 0.853* | 0.978** | 0.884* | -0.553 | 0.786 | 0.983** |
现蕾期Budding | 0.827* | 0.967** | 0.945** | -0.414 | 0.845* | 0.970** |
盛花期Anthesis | 0.734 | 0.981** | 0.941** | -0.366 | 0.835* | 0.994** |
青果期Kernel | 0.813* | 0.995** | 0.938** | -0.447 | 0.846* | 0.999** |
成熟期Maturity | 0.851* | 0.996** | 0.955** | -0.413 | 0.804 | 0.991** |
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