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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 84-96.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022061

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

刈割高度对油莎豆氮代谢及产量和品质的影响

李变变(), 张凤华(), 赵亚光   

  1. 石河子大学,新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆 石河子 832003
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-14 修回日期:2022-03-14 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2022-12-01
  • 通讯作者: 张凤华
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zfh2000@126.com
    李变变(1998-),女,新疆博乐人,在读硕士。E-mail: 393824153@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方专项(2060404);兵团重大计划项目(RCZK201928)

Effects of stubble height on nitrogen metabolism, yield and quality of Cyperus esculentus

Bian-bian LI(), Feng-hua ZHANG(), Ya-guang ZHAO   

  1. Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China
  • Received:2022-02-14 Revised:2022-03-14 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2022-12-01
  • Contact: Feng-hua ZHANG

摘要:

为明晰不同留茬高度对油莎豆氮代谢及产量和品质的影响,揭示氮代谢与产量和品质之间的关系,进一步寻求适宜刈割高度。本研究以油莎豆为研究对象,比较6个不同留茬高度:留茬50 cm(R50)、留茬40 cm(R40)、留茬30 cm(R30)、留茬20 cm(R20)、留茬10 cm(R10)和未刈割(CK)下油莎豆株高、叶绿素含量以及氮代谢相关指标和块茎产量和品质的差异。结果表明:重度刈割(R10和R20)对植物的物质积累等有抑制作用,中度刈割(R30和R40)则对植物的生长发育有促进作用:刈割后R10和R20处理的叶绿素含量受到严重干扰,但R40处理(7,14和21 d)则促进叶绿素含量的增加。R30处理硝酸还原酶活性(7,14,21和28 d)、谷氨酸合成酶活性(5个时期)和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性(7,21和28 d)均高于其他处理;R40处理可溶性蛋白含量(21和28 d)和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性(1和14 d)均高于其他处理。适宜的刈割高度不仅能利于地上部分再生,通过“源-库”关系的调节,同时还会促进地下部分的生长发育:R30和R40处理的块茎产量显著高于其他处理,且两者间无显著差异,分别为12366.09和11506.62 kg·hm-2,R40处理的千粒重和粗脂肪含量显著高于其他处理,分别为597.53 g和27.85%,R30处理的总粒数、单穴粒数、粗蛋白和总糖含量分别为2699 万粒·hm-2、169粒·穴-1、8.01%和18.78%,均最高。相关性分析可知,刈割后5个时期油莎豆叶片中谷氨酸合成酶活性均与油莎豆地下块茎产量、块茎中粗蛋白和淀粉含量呈显著正相关关系。因此,刈割R30和R40处理较其他处理可以促进油莎豆叶片氮代谢,有利于地下块茎产量和品质改善,故留茬30~40 cm为相对适宜的留茬高度范围。

关键词: 刈割, 油莎豆, 氮代谢, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of varying stubble heights on the growth of Cyperus esculentus. We evaluated differences in height, chlorophyll content, nitrogen metabolism and related indicators, tuber yield and quality of C. esculentus for different cutting regimes (stubble 50 cm, R50; stubble 40 cm, R40; stubble 30 cm, R30; stubble 20 cm, R20; stubble 10 cm, R10; and uncut, CK) to clarify the effects of different stubble heights on the nitrogen metabolism, yield and quality of C. esculentus, to elucidate the relationship between nitrogen metabolism and yield and quality and to identify the optimal cutting height. It was found that severe clipping (R10 and R20) had an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of plant matter, while moderate clipping (R30 and R40) promoted the growth and development of plants. The chlorophyll content of R10 and R20 treatments was severely reduced, while the R40 treatment (7, 14 and 21 d) promoted increased chlorophyll content. Nitrate reductase (7, 14, 21 and 28 d), glutamate synthase (five periods), and glutamine synthetase (7, 21 and 28 d) activities in the R30 treatment were higher than those in other treatments. The content of soluble protein (21 and 28 d) and the activity of glutamine synthetase (1 and 14 d) in the R40 treatment were higher than those in the other treatments. Appropriate clipping height was not only conducive to the regeneration of aboveground organs, but also promoted the growth and development of belowground organs through source-sink regulation. Tuber yield in the R30 (12366.09 kg·ha-1) and R40 (11506.62 kg·ha-1) treatments was significantly higher than in the other treatments, but there was no significant difference between R30 and R40. Thousand seed weight (597.53 g) and the content of crude fat (27.85%) in the R40 treatment were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. Total grain number (26.99 million grains·ha-1), grains per hole (169 grains·hole-1), and the contents of crude protein (8.01%) and total sugar (18.78%) in the R30 treatment were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. A correlation analysis showed that the activity of glutamate synthase in the leaves of C. esculentus was significantly positively correlated with the yield of belowground tubers, and the contents of crude protein and starch in C. esculentus tubers in all five periods after clipping. In summary, R30 and R40 treatments promoted C. esculentus leaf nitrogen metabolism, compared with other treatments, and thus improved the yield and quality of belowground tubers. Based on these results, a stubble height of 30-40 cm is recommended.

Key words: clipping, Cyperus esculentus, nitrogen metabolism, yield, quality