草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 17-29.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023048
周娟娟1,2(), 刘云飞1,2, 王敬龙1,2, 魏巍1,2()
收稿日期:
2023-02-14
修回日期:
2023-04-03
出版日期:
2023-11-20
发布日期:
2023-09-27
通讯作者:
魏巍
作者简介:
E-mail: weiweicc01@126.com基金资助:
Juan-juan ZHOU1,2(), Yun-fei LIU1,2, Jing-long WANG1,2, Wei WEI1,2()
Received:
2023-02-14
Revised:
2023-04-03
Online:
2023-11-20
Published:
2023-09-27
Contact:
Wei WEI
摘要:
N、P是植物生长发育的主要营养元素,养分添加对退化草地改良复壮起着关键作用。本研究以当雄县格达乡甲多村长期围封刈割的藏嵩草沼泽化草甸为研究对象,开展短期养分添加对地上生物量、植物多样性和功能性状的影响,明确植物多样性和群落水平功能性状对地上生物量变化的解释度。结果显示:N添加和N+P添加处理下,地上生物量至少增加39.3%和98.9%。N+P添加与单独N添加相比,显著增加了喜马拉雅嵩草、华扁穗草、禾草类群和杂类草类群的地上生物量(P<0.05);降低了藏嵩草的重要值,增加了喜马拉雅嵩草、早熟禾、鹅绒委陵菜、西藏报春的重要值。N+P添加显著提高了物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数;物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener指数与地上生物量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。养分添加增加了群落水平植株高度和氮含量(P<0.05),N+P添加显著增加群落水平叶片磷含量,增加了叶比重,降低了叶干物质含量;群落水平植株高度、叶片磷含量、叶片氮含量与地上生物量呈正相关关系(P<0.01)。最小二乘结构方程和方差分解结果显示,N添加对群落水平加权性状和地上生物量有显著的正向促进作用(P<0.05),P添加对群落水平加权性状、地上生物量和植物多样性有显著的正向促进作用(P<0.05),氮、磷共同决定了地上生物量的增加。群落水平植物功能性状和植物多样性对地上生物量的总解释度为81.3%,群落水平植物功能性状对地上生物量的解释度为78.5%,植物多样性的解释度为45.5%。综上,群落水平植物功能性状和植物多样性共同决定了高寒沼泽化草甸地上生物量对氮、磷养分添加的响应变化。施氮同时配施磷肥对草地增产和生物多样性维持均有积极作用。
周娟娟, 刘云飞, 王敬龙, 魏巍. 短期养分添加对西藏沼泽化高寒草甸地上生物量、植物多样性和功能性状的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(11): 17-29.
Juan-juan ZHOU, Yun-fei LIU, Jing-long WANG, Wei WEI. Effect of short-term nutrient addition on aboveground biomass, plant diversity, and functional traits of swampy alpine meadow in Tibet[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(11): 17-29.
土层 Soil layer (cm) | 有机碳 Organic C (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total P (g·kg-1) | 铵态氮 NH4+-N (mg·kg-1) | 硝态氮 NO3--N (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available P (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~10 | 102.57±24.26 | 3.68±1.10 | 0.62±0.05 | 9.41±1.96 | 1.56±0.33 | 4.20±0.31 |
10~20 | 33.73±3.80 | 1.01±0.26 | 0.53±0.04 | 2.98±1.08 | 0.83±0.01 | 3.88±0.39 |
表1 试验地土壤养分概况
Table 1 Soil nutrition of the test plots
土层 Soil layer (cm) | 有机碳 Organic C (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total P (g·kg-1) | 铵态氮 NH4+-N (mg·kg-1) | 硝态氮 NO3--N (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available P (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~10 | 102.57±24.26 | 3.68±1.10 | 0.62±0.05 | 9.41±1.96 | 1.56±0.33 | 4.20±0.31 |
10~20 | 33.73±3.80 | 1.01±0.26 | 0.53±0.04 | 2.98±1.08 | 0.83±0.01 | 3.88±0.39 |
图1 不同养分添加对沼泽化高寒草甸地上生物量的影响(2019-2020年)不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.1 Effects of different nutrient additions on aboveground biomass of swampy alpine meadow (2019-2020)
功能群 Functional groups | CK | NL | NH | NLP | NHP | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 占比 Proportion (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 占比 Proportion (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 占比 Proportion (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 占比 Proportion (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 占比 Proportion (%) | |
藏北嵩草 K.littledalei | 268.27±58.11c | 96.31 | 490.07±68.27b | 98.22 | 600.07±20.47a | 97.95 | 679.39±90.44a | 93.86 | 693.90±22.15a | 95.81 |
喜马拉雅嵩草 K. royleana | 9.48±2.05c | 3.40 | 7.20±1.11c | 1.44 | 6.44±1.39c | 1.05 | 32.73±5.60a | 4.52 | 17.99±4.55b | 2.48 |
华扁穗草 B. sinocompressus | 0. 45±0.10c | 0.16 | 0.54±0.19c | 0.11 | 0.31±0.18c | 0.05 | 10.35±2.20a | 1.43 | 6.49±3.00b | 0.90 |
禾草Grass | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7.89±1.99a | 1.09 | 1.05±0.79b | 0.14 |
杂类草Forb | 0.36±0.08c | 0.13 | 1.16±0.23c | 0.23 | 0.40±0.06c | 0.07 | 8.59±2.40a | 1.19 | 3.39±1.69b | 0.47 |
表2 主要植物及功能群地上生物量随养分添加的变化
Table 2 Changes of aboveground biomass of main plants and functional groups with the nutrient additions
功能群 Functional groups | CK | NL | NH | NLP | NHP | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 占比 Proportion (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 占比 Proportion (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 占比 Proportion (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 占比 Proportion (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 占比 Proportion (%) | |
藏北嵩草 K.littledalei | 268.27±58.11c | 96.31 | 490.07±68.27b | 98.22 | 600.07±20.47a | 97.95 | 679.39±90.44a | 93.86 | 693.90±22.15a | 95.81 |
喜马拉雅嵩草 K. royleana | 9.48±2.05c | 3.40 | 7.20±1.11c | 1.44 | 6.44±1.39c | 1.05 | 32.73±5.60a | 4.52 | 17.99±4.55b | 2.48 |
华扁穗草 B. sinocompressus | 0. 45±0.10c | 0.16 | 0.54±0.19c | 0.11 | 0.31±0.18c | 0.05 | 10.35±2.20a | 1.43 | 6.49±3.00b | 0.90 |
禾草Grass | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7.89±1.99a | 1.09 | 1.05±0.79b | 0.14 |
杂类草Forb | 0.36±0.08c | 0.13 | 1.16±0.23c | 0.23 | 0.40±0.06c | 0.07 | 8.59±2.40a | 1.19 | 3.39±1.69b | 0.47 |
科 Family | 种名 Species name | 重要值Importance value (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | NL | NH | NLP | NHP | ||
莎草科Cyperaceae | 藏北嵩草K.littledalei | 75.55 | 80.52 | 80.34 | 66.24 | 68.46 |
喜马拉雅嵩草K. royleana | 9.65 | 9.94 | 5.99 | 10.35 | 10.04 | |
华扁穗草B. sinocompressus | 4.87 | 5.49 | 5.43 | 4.48 | 5.43 | |
矮生嵩草Kobresia humilis | 0.70 | 0.38 | 1.67 | 1.17 | 1.42 | |
黑穗薹草Carex atrata | 0.10 | 0.11 | - | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
禾草Grass | 早熟禾Poa sp. | 0.10 | - | - | 6.54 | 6.29 |
洽草Koeleria macrantha | - | - | - | 0.05 | - | |
杂类草Forb | 鹅绒委陵菜P. anserine | 2.61 | 1.90 | 2.47 | 4.95 | 4.24 |
西藏报春P. tibetica | 1.94 | 1.06 | 1.19 | 2.11 | 3.18 | |
毛茛状金莲花Trollius ranunculoides | 1.42 | 0.56 | 0.71 | 1.41 | 0.80 | |
展苞灯心草Juncus thomsonii | 3.05 | 0.05 | 2.20 | 2.68 | 0.12 |
表3 不同养分添加对草本植物重要值的影响
Table 3 Effects of different nutrient additions on herbaceous importance values
科 Family | 种名 Species name | 重要值Importance value (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | NL | NH | NLP | NHP | ||
莎草科Cyperaceae | 藏北嵩草K.littledalei | 75.55 | 80.52 | 80.34 | 66.24 | 68.46 |
喜马拉雅嵩草K. royleana | 9.65 | 9.94 | 5.99 | 10.35 | 10.04 | |
华扁穗草B. sinocompressus | 4.87 | 5.49 | 5.43 | 4.48 | 5.43 | |
矮生嵩草Kobresia humilis | 0.70 | 0.38 | 1.67 | 1.17 | 1.42 | |
黑穗薹草Carex atrata | 0.10 | 0.11 | - | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
禾草Grass | 早熟禾Poa sp. | 0.10 | - | - | 6.54 | 6.29 |
洽草Koeleria macrantha | - | - | - | 0.05 | - | |
杂类草Forb | 鹅绒委陵菜P. anserine | 2.61 | 1.90 | 2.47 | 4.95 | 4.24 |
西藏报春P. tibetica | 1.94 | 1.06 | 1.19 | 2.11 | 3.18 | |
毛茛状金莲花Trollius ranunculoides | 1.42 | 0.56 | 0.71 | 1.41 | 0.80 | |
展苞灯心草Juncus thomsonii | 3.05 | 0.05 | 2.20 | 2.68 | 0.12 |
处理 Treatment | 物种丰富度 Species richness (S) | 香农-威纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H) | 辛普森指数 Simpson index (D) | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (EP) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.00±1.000b | 0.950±0.089b | 0.414±0.036b | 0.597±0.004a |
NL | 4.00±0.707b | 0.729±0.057c | 0.338±0.011b | 0.541±0.038a |
NH | 4.60±0.548b | 0.806±0.101bc | 0.344±0.054b | 0.522±0.039a |
NLP | 8.60±1.140a | 1.267±0.027a | 0.540±0.017a | 0.593±0.028a |
NHP | 8.40±1.516a | 1.170±0.062a | 0.511±0.062a | 0.557±0.044a |
表4 不同养分添加群落植物多样性变化
Table 4 The response of species diversity characteristics to different nutrient additions
处理 Treatment | 物种丰富度 Species richness (S) | 香农-威纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H) | 辛普森指数 Simpson index (D) | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (EP) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 5.00±1.000b | 0.950±0.089b | 0.414±0.036b | 0.597±0.004a |
NL | 4.00±0.707b | 0.729±0.057c | 0.338±0.011b | 0.541±0.038a |
NH | 4.60±0.548b | 0.806±0.101bc | 0.344±0.054b | 0.522±0.039a |
NLP | 8.60±1.140a | 1.267±0.027a | 0.540±0.017a | 0.593±0.028a |
NHP | 8.40±1.516a | 1.170±0.062a | 0.511±0.062a | 0.557±0.044a |
图3 不同养分添加地上生物量与植物群落水平功能性状的回归关系
Fig.3 Regression relationships between aboveground biomass and community weighted mean functional traits under different nutrient additions
图5 养分添加时地上生物量决定因素的结构方程模型和方差分解
Fig.5 Structural equation model and variance decomposition for factors influencing of aboveground biomass under different nutrient additions
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