草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 42-53.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025269
李梦棋1(
), 董全民1,2, 孙彩彩1, 吕卫东1, 许蔚1, 刘玉祯1,2, 刘文亭1,2, 杨晓霞1,2(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-01
修回日期:2025-08-28
出版日期:2026-04-20
发布日期:2026-02-07
通讯作者:
杨晓霞
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: xxyang@qhu.edu.cn基金资助:
Meng-qi LI1(
), Quan-min DONG1,2, Cai-cai SUN1, Wei-dong LYU1, Wei XU1, Yu-zhen LIU1,2, Wen-ting LIU1,2, Xiao-xia YANG1,2(
)
Received:2025-07-01
Revised:2025-08-28
Online:2026-04-20
Published:2026-02-07
Contact:
Xiao-xia YANG
摘要:
牦牛和藏羊是青藏高原的主要放牧家畜,其粪便分解会对高寒草地生态系统产生直接影响,而目前关于两种粪便对土壤养分影响的作用机制和差异尚不清楚。本研究采用尼龙网袋法监测相同干重的新鲜牦牛和藏羊粪便的养分释放动态,并使用同心圆分层取样法研究粪便分解释放的养分在土壤垂直方向(粪下)和水平方向(粪周)的迁移特征和富集特征。结果表明:1)新鲜的牦牛和藏羊粪便中全碳、全氮、全磷含量分别为333.39和311.41 g·kg-1,22.25和15.51 g·kg-1,6.95和7.47 g·kg-1。2)经过45 d的自然分解后,牦牛和藏羊粪便的干物质、全碳、全氮、全磷含量分别损失了28.58%和12.82%,23.68%和17.85%,9.35%和15.54%,22.45%和30.21%。3)分解45 d后,牦牛和藏羊粪便处理下土壤全碳含量达到峰值,藏羊粪便处理粪周土壤全磷含量略高于牦牛,而牦牛粪下与粪周的全氮含量高于藏羊粪便处理。4)分解45 d时,藏羊粪下全碳富集率显著高于牦牛粪便,但两种粪便粪下和粪周土壤全氮富集率无显著差异。综上,新鲜牦牛粪便中全碳、全氮含量高于藏羊粪便,且牦牛粪便分解更快、氮释放更强,藏羊粪便则更利于土壤碳的持续富集,两者均能促进磷的积累,且养分在垂直方向的迁移优于水平方向。
李梦棋, 董全民, 孙彩彩, 吕卫东, 许蔚, 刘玉祯, 刘文亭, 杨晓霞. 环青海湖地区牦牛和藏羊粪便夏季分解对土壤养分的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(4): 42-53.
Meng-qi LI, Quan-min DONG, Cai-cai SUN, Wei-dong LYU, Wei XU, Yu-zhen LIU, Wen-ting LIU, Xiao-xia YANG. Effects of summer decomposition of yak and Xizang sheep dung on soil nutrients in the Peri-Qinghai Lake Region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(4): 42-53.
项目 Item | 全碳含量Total carbon content (g·kg-1) | 全氮含量Total nitrogen content (g·kg-1) | 全磷含量Total phosphorus content (g·kg-1) | 干基含水率Dry basis moisture content (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 牦牛粪Yak dung | 333.39±2.74A | 22.25±0.63A | 6.95±0.10B | 387.71 |
| 藏羊粪Xizang sheep dung | 311.41±1.93B | 15.51±0.53B | 7.47±0.15A | 173.75 |
| 0~10 cm土壤深度Soil depth | 39.55±0.82a | 2.11±0.04a | 0.60±0.01a | |
| 10~20 cm土壤深度Soil depth | 35.31±0.82b | 1.53±0.05b | 0.54±0.01b | |
| 20~30 cm土壤深度Soil depth | 33.93±0.51b | 0.92±0.07c | 0.44±0.01c |
表1 牦牛和藏羊粪便以及土壤养分含量的初始值
Table 1 Initial values of nutrient content in yak and Xizang sheep dung and soil
项目 Item | 全碳含量Total carbon content (g·kg-1) | 全氮含量Total nitrogen content (g·kg-1) | 全磷含量Total phosphorus content (g·kg-1) | 干基含水率Dry basis moisture content (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 牦牛粪Yak dung | 333.39±2.74A | 22.25±0.63A | 6.95±0.10B | 387.71 |
| 藏羊粪Xizang sheep dung | 311.41±1.93B | 15.51±0.53B | 7.47±0.15A | 173.75 |
| 0~10 cm土壤深度Soil depth | 39.55±0.82a | 2.11±0.04a | 0.60±0.01a | |
| 10~20 cm土壤深度Soil depth | 35.31±0.82b | 1.53±0.05b | 0.54±0.01b | |
| 20~30 cm土壤深度Soil depth | 33.93±0.51b | 0.92±0.07c | 0.44±0.01c |
图2 不同分解时间下牦牛和藏羊粪便的养分变化*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001; 下同The same below.
Fig.2 Nutrient variations in two fecal types under different decomposition periods
图3 不同处理土壤养分在不同分解时间不同土层的差异性特征YD: 牦牛粪便Yak dung; SD: 藏羊粪便Xizang sheep dung; CK: 无粪便处理No dung application; 不同小写字母表示同一处理下不同土层之间差异显著(P<0.05) Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different soil layers under the same treatment (at the 0.05 level); 图A、B、C和图D、E、F分别表示垂直方向(粪下)和水平方向(粪周)的养分变化Panels A, B, C and D, E, F represent nutrient changes in the vertical direction (beneath the dung) and horizontal direction (dung periphery), respectively; 下同The same below.
Fig.3 Response of soil nutrients to treatment, decomposition time, and soil depth
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