草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 215-225.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024085
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
靳生伟1,2(), 韩银仓1,2(), 孙永刚1,2, 丁维芹1,2, 刘亚倩1,2, 祁增源1,2, 周建强1,2
收稿日期:
2024-03-18
修回日期:
2024-04-26
出版日期:
2025-01-20
发布日期:
2024-11-04
通讯作者:
韩银仓
作者简介:
E-mail: hyc-99101121@163.com基金资助:
Sheng-wei JIN1,2(), Yin-cang HAN1,2(), Yong-gang SUN1,2, Wei-qin DING1,2, Ya-qian LIU1,2, Zeng-yuan QI1,2, Jian-qiang ZHOU1,2
Received:
2024-03-18
Revised:
2024-04-26
Online:
2025-01-20
Published:
2024-11-04
Contact:
Yin-cang HAN
摘要:
试验旨在研究冷季不同饲养方式对青海高原型牦牛生长及生理适应等特性的影响。选取320头18月龄自然放牧体重无显著差异的公牦牛[(142.45±2.65) kg]分为两组,一组在原群体自然放牧,另一组低海拔全舍饲育肥6个月。试验结束后随机屠宰育肥组和放牧组牦牛各3头,进行生长性能、屠宰性能以及血液生理生化等指标的测定。经过6个月冷季不同饲养方式饲养,育肥组牦牛体重、体斜长、胸围均极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01)。育肥组牦牛的宰前活重、肉重、骨重、蹄重、皮重、肉骨比、屠宰率、净肉率、心重、肺重和皮占体重极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01);育肥组牦牛的头重、胴体产肉率、肝重、脾重和肾重显著高于放牧组(P<0.05)。育肥组牦牛的红细胞数目(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)显著高于放牧组(P<0.05);放牧组的平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)显著高于育肥组(P<0.05)。育肥组的总胆固醇(TC)含量显著高于放牧组(P<0.05);育肥组的钙(Ca)、磷(P)含量显著高于放牧组(P<0.05)。育肥组经济效益极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01)。冷季低海拔异地舍饲育肥能够提升牦牛的生长性能、营养代谢,优化血清生化指标,增加了牦牛的养殖效益。
靳生伟, 韩银仓, 孙永刚, 丁维芹, 刘亚倩, 祁增源, 周建强. 冷季不同饲养方式对牦牛生长性能及血液生理生化指标的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(1): 215-225.
Sheng-wei JIN, Yin-cang HAN, Yong-gang SUN, Wei-qin DING, Ya-qian LIU, Zeng-yuan QI, Jian-qiang ZHOU. Effects of different feeding methods on growth performance and blood physiological and biochemical indexes of yaks[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(1): 215-225.
原料Material | 比例Proportion (%) | 营养水平Nutritional levels | 含量Content |
---|---|---|---|
玉米Corn | 43.71 | 综合净能Combined net energy (MJ·kg-1) | 4.28 |
浓缩料Concentrate | 10.93 | 粗蛋白Crude protein (%) | 16.63 |
油菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 3.00 | 粗脂肪Ether extract (%) | 5.49 |
豆粕Soybean meal | 3.00 | 粗纤维Crude fiber (%) | 21.17 |
燕麦干草Oat hay | 10.93 | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (%) | 28.61 |
青贮燕麦Oat silage | 27.33 | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 46.09 |
食盐Salt | 0.55 | 钙Calcium (%) | 0.36 |
小苏打NaHCO3 | 0.55 | 总磷Total phosphorus (%) | 0.16 |
合计Total | 100.00 |
表1 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)
Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)
原料Material | 比例Proportion (%) | 营养水平Nutritional levels | 含量Content |
---|---|---|---|
玉米Corn | 43.71 | 综合净能Combined net energy (MJ·kg-1) | 4.28 |
浓缩料Concentrate | 10.93 | 粗蛋白Crude protein (%) | 16.63 |
油菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 3.00 | 粗脂肪Ether extract (%) | 5.49 |
豆粕Soybean meal | 3.00 | 粗纤维Crude fiber (%) | 21.17 |
燕麦干草Oat hay | 10.93 | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (%) | 28.61 |
青贮燕麦Oat silage | 27.33 | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 46.09 |
食盐Salt | 0.55 | 钙Calcium (%) | 0.36 |
小苏打NaHCO3 | 0.55 | 总磷Total phosphorus (%) | 0.16 |
合计Total | 100.00 |
项目 Item | 干物质 Dry matter | 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 粗脂肪 Ether extract | 粗灰分 Crude ash | 粗纤维 Crude fiber | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 钙 Ca | 磷 P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
青草期Grass period | 73.99 | 9.96 | 2.55 | 15.79 | 29.75 | 34.81 | 46.35 | 2.82 | 0.14 |
枯草期Withered period | 88.84 | 7.06 | 1.33 | 21.77 | 38.25 | 53.31 | 66.47 | 1.10 | 0.04 |
表2 饲草营养水平
Table 2 Forage grass nutrition level (%)
项目 Item | 干物质 Dry matter | 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 粗脂肪 Ether extract | 粗灰分 Crude ash | 粗纤维 Crude fiber | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 钙 Ca | 磷 P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
青草期Grass period | 73.99 | 9.96 | 2.55 | 15.79 | 29.75 | 34.81 | 46.35 | 2.82 | 0.14 |
枯草期Withered period | 88.84 | 7.06 | 1.33 | 21.77 | 38.25 | 53.31 | 66.47 | 1.10 | 0.04 |
项目 Items | 初重 Initial body weight (kg) | 末重 Final body weight (kg) | 总增重 Total weight gain (kg) | 平均日增重 Average daily gain (g·d-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
放牧组Grazing group | 142.43±2.56 | 144.00±1.00 | 1.57±2.64 | 8.70±14.64 |
育肥组Fattening group | 143.37±2.95 | 215.00±3.00 | 71.63±2.85 | 397.96±15.83 |
P值P-value | 0.70 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
表3 不同饲养方式下牦牛的体重变化
Table 3 Body weight changes of yak under different feeding methods
项目 Items | 初重 Initial body weight (kg) | 末重 Final body weight (kg) | 总增重 Total weight gain (kg) | 平均日增重 Average daily gain (g·d-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
放牧组Grazing group | 142.43±2.56 | 144.00±1.00 | 1.57±2.64 | 8.70±14.64 |
育肥组Fattening group | 143.37±2.95 | 215.00±3.00 | 71.63±2.85 | 397.96±15.83 |
P值P-value | 0.70 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
项目 Items | 体高Body height | 体斜长Body length | 胸围Chest circumference | 管围Pipe circumference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18月龄 18 months of age | 24月龄 24 months of age | 18月龄 18 months of age | 24月龄 24 months of age | 18月龄 18 months of age | 24月龄 24 months of age | 18月龄 18 months of age | 24月龄 24 months of age | |
放牧组Grazing group | 98.00±1.89 | 100.30±1.57 | 101.60±2.32 | 105.70±0.95 | 136.33±1.52 | 142.33±2.08 | 15.50±0.53 | 17.20±1.34 |
育肥组Fattening group | 99.20±2.44 | 108.50±1.78 | 101.10±1.37 | 119.20±1.03 | 137.12±1.03 | 169.67±4.51 | 15.60±0.84 | 19.80±1.32 |
P值P-value | 0.23 | <0.01 | 0.56 | <0.01 | 0.56 | <0.01 | 0.75 | <0.01 |
表4 不同饲养方式下牦牛的体尺变化
Table 4 Changes of body size of yak under different feeding methods (cm)
项目 Items | 体高Body height | 体斜长Body length | 胸围Chest circumference | 管围Pipe circumference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
18月龄 18 months of age | 24月龄 24 months of age | 18月龄 18 months of age | 24月龄 24 months of age | 18月龄 18 months of age | 24月龄 24 months of age | 18月龄 18 months of age | 24月龄 24 months of age | |
放牧组Grazing group | 98.00±1.89 | 100.30±1.57 | 101.60±2.32 | 105.70±0.95 | 136.33±1.52 | 142.33±2.08 | 15.50±0.53 | 17.20±1.34 |
育肥组Fattening group | 99.20±2.44 | 108.50±1.78 | 101.10±1.37 | 119.20±1.03 | 137.12±1.03 | 169.67±4.51 | 15.60±0.84 | 19.80±1.32 |
P值P-value | 0.23 | <0.01 | 0.56 | <0.01 | 0.56 | <0.01 | 0.75 | <0.01 |
项目Items | 放牧组Grazing group | 育肥组Fattening group |
---|---|---|
宰前活重Live weight (kg) | 144.70±1.06B | 215.00±3.00A |
肉重Meat weight (kg) | 67.35±1.23B | 125.70±4.76A |
骨重Bone weight (kg) | 16.69±0.86B | 22.23±0.65A |
头重Head weight (kg) | 8.83±0.99b | 12.52±1.48a |
蹄重Hoof weight (kg) | 3.62±0.38B | 5.42±0.29A |
皮重Skin weight (kg) | 10.28±0.55B | 29.42±2.25A |
肉骨比Meat-bone ratio | 3.17±0.09B | 4.68±0.20A |
屠宰率Slaughter rate (%) | 46.77±0.86B | 58.45±1.42A |
净肉率Pure meat percentage (%) | 36.71±0.71B | 48.39±0.15A |
胴体产肉率Carcass production ratio (%) | 78.49±0.95b | 82.81±2.06a |
心重Heart weight (kg) | 0.73±0.08B | 1.45±0.18A |
肝重Liver weight (kg) | 2.67±0.20b | 2.78±0.10a |
脾重Spleen weight (kg) | 0.33±0.03b | 0.45±0.05a |
肺重Lung weight (kg) | 2.12±0.16B | 2.87±0.13A |
肾重Kinney weight (kg) | 0.40±0.05b | 0.70±0.17a |
头占体重Head weight/live weight (%) | 6.14±0.71a | 5.82±0.61b |
蹄占体重Hoof weight/live weight (%) | 2.51±0.26 | 2.52±0.11 |
皮占体重Skin weight/live weight (%) | 7.13±0.36B | 13.69±1.22A |
表5 不同饲养方式对牦牛屠宰性能的影响
Table 5 Effects of different feeding methods on the slaughtering performance of yak
项目Items | 放牧组Grazing group | 育肥组Fattening group |
---|---|---|
宰前活重Live weight (kg) | 144.70±1.06B | 215.00±3.00A |
肉重Meat weight (kg) | 67.35±1.23B | 125.70±4.76A |
骨重Bone weight (kg) | 16.69±0.86B | 22.23±0.65A |
头重Head weight (kg) | 8.83±0.99b | 12.52±1.48a |
蹄重Hoof weight (kg) | 3.62±0.38B | 5.42±0.29A |
皮重Skin weight (kg) | 10.28±0.55B | 29.42±2.25A |
肉骨比Meat-bone ratio | 3.17±0.09B | 4.68±0.20A |
屠宰率Slaughter rate (%) | 46.77±0.86B | 58.45±1.42A |
净肉率Pure meat percentage (%) | 36.71±0.71B | 48.39±0.15A |
胴体产肉率Carcass production ratio (%) | 78.49±0.95b | 82.81±2.06a |
心重Heart weight (kg) | 0.73±0.08B | 1.45±0.18A |
肝重Liver weight (kg) | 2.67±0.20b | 2.78±0.10a |
脾重Spleen weight (kg) | 0.33±0.03b | 0.45±0.05a |
肺重Lung weight (kg) | 2.12±0.16B | 2.87±0.13A |
肾重Kinney weight (kg) | 0.40±0.05b | 0.70±0.17a |
头占体重Head weight/live weight (%) | 6.14±0.71a | 5.82±0.61b |
蹄占体重Hoof weight/live weight (%) | 2.51±0.26 | 2.52±0.11 |
皮占体重Skin weight/live weight (%) | 7.13±0.36B | 13.69±1.22A |
项目Items | 放牧组Grazing group | 育肥组Fattening group |
---|---|---|
白细胞数目WBC (×109·L-1) | 4.78±0.46 | 4.25±0.15 |
红细胞数目RBC (×1012·L-1) | 4.04±0.89b | 5.48±0.27a |
血红蛋白浓度HGB (g·L-1) | 150.33±13.20b | 162.00±7.21a |
平均红细胞体积MCV (fL) | 49.43±4.09 | 54.13±10.20 |
平均血红蛋白含量MCH (Pg) | 48.63±13.93a | 29.63±2.21b |
平均血红蛋白浓度MCHC (g·L-1) | 319.33±13.80 | 319.00±14.80 |
血小板数目PLT (×109·L-1) | 376.00±35.09 | 343.00±28.51 |
红细胞体积分布宽度RDW-SD (fL) | 43.97±3.04 | 46.67±1.55 |
红细胞分布宽度变异系数RDW-CV (%) | 13.63±0.61 | 13.50±0.36 |
血小板体积分布宽度PDW (fL) | 15.30±0.20 | 15.43±0.32 |
平均血小板体积MPV (fL) | 11.07±0.90 | 10.40±0.10 |
大血小板比率P-LCR (%) | 39.63±1.25 | 38.03±2.43 |
血小板压积PCT (%) | 0.31±0.10 | 0.32±0.03 |
中性粒细胞绝对值NEUT# (×109·L-1) | 0.38±0.04a | 0.28±0.03b |
淋巴细胞绝对值LYMPH# (×109·L-1) | 3.71±0.45 | 3.51±0.21 |
单核细胞绝对值NONO# (×109·L-1) | 0.31±0.06a | 0.22±0.02b |
嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值EO# (×109·L-1) | 0.08±0.03 | 0.04±0.03 |
嗜碱性粒细胞绝对值BASO# (×109·L-1) | 0.31±0.09a | 0.20±0.01b |
中性粒细胞百分比NEUT% (%) | 7.90±0.56 | 6.53±0.85 |
单核细胞百分比NONO% (%) | 6.37±0.61 | 5.20±0.62 |
嗜酸性粒细胞百分比EO% (%) | 1.67±0.38 | 1.03±0.55 |
嗜碱性粒细胞百分比BASO% (%) | 6.60±2.31a | 4.70±0.36b |
表6 不同饲养方式对牦牛血液生理指标的影响
Table 6 Effects of different feeding methods on blood physiological indexes of yaks
项目Items | 放牧组Grazing group | 育肥组Fattening group |
---|---|---|
白细胞数目WBC (×109·L-1) | 4.78±0.46 | 4.25±0.15 |
红细胞数目RBC (×1012·L-1) | 4.04±0.89b | 5.48±0.27a |
血红蛋白浓度HGB (g·L-1) | 150.33±13.20b | 162.00±7.21a |
平均红细胞体积MCV (fL) | 49.43±4.09 | 54.13±10.20 |
平均血红蛋白含量MCH (Pg) | 48.63±13.93a | 29.63±2.21b |
平均血红蛋白浓度MCHC (g·L-1) | 319.33±13.80 | 319.00±14.80 |
血小板数目PLT (×109·L-1) | 376.00±35.09 | 343.00±28.51 |
红细胞体积分布宽度RDW-SD (fL) | 43.97±3.04 | 46.67±1.55 |
红细胞分布宽度变异系数RDW-CV (%) | 13.63±0.61 | 13.50±0.36 |
血小板体积分布宽度PDW (fL) | 15.30±0.20 | 15.43±0.32 |
平均血小板体积MPV (fL) | 11.07±0.90 | 10.40±0.10 |
大血小板比率P-LCR (%) | 39.63±1.25 | 38.03±2.43 |
血小板压积PCT (%) | 0.31±0.10 | 0.32±0.03 |
中性粒细胞绝对值NEUT# (×109·L-1) | 0.38±0.04a | 0.28±0.03b |
淋巴细胞绝对值LYMPH# (×109·L-1) | 3.71±0.45 | 3.51±0.21 |
单核细胞绝对值NONO# (×109·L-1) | 0.31±0.06a | 0.22±0.02b |
嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值EO# (×109·L-1) | 0.08±0.03 | 0.04±0.03 |
嗜碱性粒细胞绝对值BASO# (×109·L-1) | 0.31±0.09a | 0.20±0.01b |
中性粒细胞百分比NEUT% (%) | 7.90±0.56 | 6.53±0.85 |
单核细胞百分比NONO% (%) | 6.37±0.61 | 5.20±0.62 |
嗜酸性粒细胞百分比EO% (%) | 1.67±0.38 | 1.03±0.55 |
嗜碱性粒细胞百分比BASO% (%) | 6.60±2.31a | 4.70±0.36b |
项目 Items | 放牧组 Grazing group | 育肥组 Fattening group |
---|---|---|
总蛋白TP (g·L-1) | 63.78±4.59 | 70.25±4.04 |
白蛋白ALB (g·L-1) | 31.26±2.07b | 36.55±2.07a |
总胆固醇TC (mmol·L-1) | 1.75±0.29b | 2.09±0.65a |
甘油三酯TG (mmol·L-1) | 0.19±0.01 | 0.21±0.05 |
高密度脂蛋白HDL (mmol·L-1) | 1.33±0.16b | 1.55±0.24a |
低密度脂蛋白LDL (mmol·L-1) | 0.67±0.05 | 0.60±0.28 |
钙Ca (mmol·L-1) | 1.84±0.09b | 2.18±0.12a |
磷P (mmol·L-1) | 3.28±0.46b | 4.52±0.26a |
表7 不同饲养方式对牦牛血清生化指标的影响
Table 7 Effects of different feeding methods on serum biochemical indices of yak
项目 Items | 放牧组 Grazing group | 育肥组 Fattening group |
---|---|---|
总蛋白TP (g·L-1) | 63.78±4.59 | 70.25±4.04 |
白蛋白ALB (g·L-1) | 31.26±2.07b | 36.55±2.07a |
总胆固醇TC (mmol·L-1) | 1.75±0.29b | 2.09±0.65a |
甘油三酯TG (mmol·L-1) | 0.19±0.01 | 0.21±0.05 |
高密度脂蛋白HDL (mmol·L-1) | 1.33±0.16b | 1.55±0.24a |
低密度脂蛋白LDL (mmol·L-1) | 0.67±0.05 | 0.60±0.28 |
钙Ca (mmol·L-1) | 1.84±0.09b | 2.18±0.12a |
磷P (mmol·L-1) | 3.28±0.46b | 4.52±0.26a |
项目Items | 育肥组Fattening group | 放牧组Grazing group |
---|---|---|
人工劳务Manual labor (CNY·head-1) | 300.00 | 180.00 |
劳动物资Labor supply (CNY·head-1) | 100.00 | 100.00 |
兽药Veterinary medicine (CNY·head-1) | 200.00 | 200.00 |
人员住房 Staff housing (CNY·head-1) | 10.00 | 10.00 |
草料房与库房Forage house and storage (CNY·head-1) | 15.00 | 0.00 |
圈舍电、取暖费Electricity and heating for pens (CNY·head-1) | 10.00 | 0.00 |
饲料成本Feed cost (CNY·head-1) | 1750.00 | 0.00 |
运输成本Transportation cost (CNY·head-1) | 50.00 | 0.00 |
总成本Total cost (CNY·head-1) | 2435.00 | 490.00 |
终末体重Final body weigh (kg) | 215.00±3.00A | 144.00±1.00B |
屠宰率Slaughter rate (%) | 58.45 | 46.77 |
带骨肉价格Price of bone-in meat (CNY·kg-1) | 35.00 | 35.00 |
收益Profits (CNY·head-1) | 4398.36 | 2357.20 |
经济效益Benefit (CNY·head-1) | 1963.36A | 1867.20B |
表8 不同饲养方式下牦牛经济效益分析
Table 8 Analysis of economic benefits of yak in different feeding methods
项目Items | 育肥组Fattening group | 放牧组Grazing group |
---|---|---|
人工劳务Manual labor (CNY·head-1) | 300.00 | 180.00 |
劳动物资Labor supply (CNY·head-1) | 100.00 | 100.00 |
兽药Veterinary medicine (CNY·head-1) | 200.00 | 200.00 |
人员住房 Staff housing (CNY·head-1) | 10.00 | 10.00 |
草料房与库房Forage house and storage (CNY·head-1) | 15.00 | 0.00 |
圈舍电、取暖费Electricity and heating for pens (CNY·head-1) | 10.00 | 0.00 |
饲料成本Feed cost (CNY·head-1) | 1750.00 | 0.00 |
运输成本Transportation cost (CNY·head-1) | 50.00 | 0.00 |
总成本Total cost (CNY·head-1) | 2435.00 | 490.00 |
终末体重Final body weigh (kg) | 215.00±3.00A | 144.00±1.00B |
屠宰率Slaughter rate (%) | 58.45 | 46.77 |
带骨肉价格Price of bone-in meat (CNY·kg-1) | 35.00 | 35.00 |
收益Profits (CNY·head-1) | 4398.36 | 2357.20 |
经济效益Benefit (CNY·head-1) | 1963.36A | 1867.20B |
1 | Liu J. Investigation and analysis of yak germplasm resources on Qinghai Plateau type. Animals Breeding and Feed, 2011(12): 65-67. |
刘军. 青海高原型牦牛种质资源调查与分析. 养殖与饲料, 2011(12): 65-67. | |
2 | Fan Y G. Conservation and utilisation of yak genetic resources in Qinghai. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2021, 51(3): 62-66. |
方有贵. 青海牦牛遗传资源的保护和利用. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2021, 51(3): 62-66. | |
3 | Ba S C M. Status and countermeasures of yak breeding. Graziery Veterinary Sciences (Electronic Version), 2020(9): 70-71. |
巴桑措姆. 牦牛养殖发展现状及对策. 畜牧兽医科学(电子版), 2020(9): 70-71. | |
4 | Xue B, Zhao X Q, Zhang Y S. Weight and body composition dynamic changes of yaks grazing on nature grassland in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2005, 17(2): 54-57. |
薛白, 赵新全, 张耀生. 青藏高原天然草场放牧牦牛体重和体成分变化动态. 动物营养学报, 2005, 17(2): 54-57. | |
5 | Chen Y C. Modern beef cattle production (The 2nd Edition). Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1999: 150-152. |
陈幼春. 现代肉牛生产(2版). 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1999: 150-152. | |
6 | Shen F, Wang S X, Chai S T, et al. Effect of different feeding methods on growth performance and serum biochemical index of yak calf. Feed Research, 2021, 44(19): 16-20. |
沈芳, 王书祥, 柴沙驼, 等. 不同饲养方式对犊牦牛生长性能及血清生化指标的影响. 饲料研究, 2021, 44(19): 16-20. | |
7 | Zhao Y G, Hu Z R, Xie P, et al. The impact of concentrate feed with different nutritional levels on the production performance and digestibility of Sanen dairy goats. Feed Industry, 2013, 34(23): 53-57. |
赵彦光, 胡钟仁, 谢萍, 等. 不同营养水平精饲料对萨能奶山羊生产性能及消化率的影响. 饲料工业, 2013, 34(23): 53-57. | |
8 | Tang P, Wang Y Y, Wang G J, et al. Effects of dietary energy and protein levels on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, slaughter performance and meat quality of Shanbei white cashmere goats. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018, 30(6): 2194-2201. |
唐鹏, 王尧悦, 王国军, 等. 饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对陕北白绒山羊生长性能、血清生化指标、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响. 动物营养学报, 2018, 30(6): 2194-2201. | |
9 | Zhang X L, Xu T W, Zhang Q, et al. Effect of dietary protein levels on growth performance and ruminal fungal community structure of yaks. Feed Research, 2023, 46(11): 12-15. |
张晓玲, 徐田伟, 张骞, 等. 饲粮蛋白水平对牦牛生长性能及瘤胃真菌菌群结构的影响. 饲料研究, 2023, 46(11): 12-15. | |
10 | Yao X X, Wang W, Xu C T, et al. Effects of grazing and barn feeding on growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters, slaughter performance and meat quality of Datong yaks (Bos grunniens). Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(6): 3768-3776. |
姚喜喜, 王伟, 徐成体, 等. 放牧与舍饲对大通牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响. 动物营养学报, 2022, 34(6): 3768-3776. | |
11 | Sun G M, Luo S D Z, Ba S W D, et al. Effects of dietary energy level on growth performance, body size increasement and serum biochemical and endocrine hormone parameters of fattening yaks under stall-feeding. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(8): 4511-4519. |
孙光明, 洛桑顿珠, 巴桑旺堆, 等. 饲粮能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、体尺增长及血清生化和内分泌激素指标的影响. 动物营养学报, 2021, 33(8): 4511-4519. | |
12 | Dai D, Pang K, Liu S, et al. Effects of concentrate supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community composition in grazing yaks during the warm season. Animals, 2022, 12(11): 1398. |
13 | Xie B, Zhang N F, Cui K, et al. Effects of different levels of dietary neutral detergent fiber on growth performance, serum parameters, slaughter performance and tissue and organ development of early-weaned Hu lambs. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018, 30(3): 963-972. |
解彪, 张乃锋, 崔凯, 等. 不同中性洗涤纤维水平饲粮对早期断奶羔羊生长性能、血清指标、屠宰性能和组织器官发育的影响. 动物营养学报, 2018, 30(3): 963-972. | |
14 | McCurdy M P, Krehbiel C R, Horn G W, et al. Effects of winter growing program on visceral organ mass, composition, and oxygen consumption of beef steers during growing and finishing. Animal Science, 2010, 88(4): 1554-1563. |
15 | Yang X L, Chen Y, Zhu Y J, et al. Comparative analysis of carcass traits, quality and nutrients of muscle among house-feeding yaks, yak-cattles and yaks with grazing. Hubei Agricultural Science, 2019, 58(24): 170-174. |
杨小林, 陈勇, 朱友军, 等. 舍饲牦牛、犏牛和放牧牦牛屠宰性状、肉质及其营养成分比较. 湖北农业科学, 2019, 58(24): 170-174. | |
16 | Wu H D, Wang J B, Qi M Y, et al. Analysis of beef performance and quality changes of dairy bull calves. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2014, 45(8): 55-64. |
吴宏达, 王嘉博, 亓美玉, 等. 奶公犊肉用性能及肉质变化规律分析. 东北农业大学学报, 2014, 45(8): 55-64. | |
17 | Yue M M, Bu Y, Liu L, et al. Effects of early castration on growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of Holstein calves. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022, 34(3): 1632-1641. |
岳萌萌, 卜也, 刘利, 等. 早期去势对荷斯坦公犊生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响. 动物营养学报, 2022, 34(3): 1632-1641. | |
18 | Li C S. Determination of physiological and biochemical indexes in Datong yaks. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2014(3): 168-170. |
李春生. 大通牦牛生理生化指标的测定. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2014(3): 168-170. | |
19 | Wang D W, Liu G Q, Huang Y F, et al. The impact of housing and grazing on the physiological and biochemical blood indicators of Hubei Black-Boned sheep. China Herbivore Science, 2012(S1): 386-388. |
王党伟, 刘桂琼, 黄勇富, 等. 舍饲和放牧对湖北乌羊血液生理生化指标的影响. 中国草食动物科学, 2012(S1): 386-388. | |
20 | Wang Q, Zhang Q W, Zhang Y, et al. Analysis of production traits, physiological and biochemical indexes of yak. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2018, 38(1): 222-229. |
王琪, 张全伟, 张勇, 等. 牦牛生产性能及血液生理生化指标统计分析. 中国兽医学报, 2018, 38(1): 222-229. | |
21 | Zhang C M, Chen Q, Xie W, et al. Based on erythropoietin gene expression and blood physiological and biochemical indexes to explore the adaptability of Hu sheep in high-altitude area of Qinghai. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(11): 5380-5387. |
张春梅, 陈倩, 谢雯, 等. 基于促红细胞生成素基因表达及血液生理生化指标探究湖羊在青海高海拔地区的适应性. 动物营养学报, 2020, 32(11): 5380-5387. | |
22 | Segura J, Garcia-Donaire J A, Praga M, et al. Chronic kidney disease as a situation of high added risk in hypertensive patients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2006, 17(S2): 136-140. |
23 | Yu X Q, Meng F X, Li P, et al. Effects of different stocking densities on growth performance, behaviors, and blood physiological and biochemical indexes in Hu sheep. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 52(11): 42-47. |
于晓青, 孟繁星, 李鹏, 等. 不同饲养密度对湖羊生长性能、行为及血液生理生化指标的影响. 畜牧与兽医, 2020, 52(11): 42-47. | |
24 | Pan J, Chen J J, Zhu Y X. Effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis stem and leaf on growth performance and blood physiological and biochemical indexes in sheep. Feed Research, 2020, 43(4): 4-7. |
潘军, 陈靖晶, 朱玉新. 甘草茎叶对绵羊生长性能和血液生理生化指标的影响. 饲料研究, 2020, 43(4): 4-7. | |
25 | Chen L X, Sun Y, An L Z, et al. Determine on blood physiological and biochemical indices of Liangshan cattle. China Herbivore Science, 2021, 41(4): 77-79, 84. |
陈鲁喜, 孙艳, 安拉扎, 等. 凉山黄牛血液生理生化指标测定分析. 中国草食动物科学, 2021, 41(4): 77-79, 84. | |
26 | Bai Y, Lang X, Wang C L, et al. Effects of oregano essential oil and monensin in diets on serum biochemical parameters, digestive enzyme activities and ruminal microflora of Holstein calves. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2019, 50(12): 2458-2469. |
柏妍, 郎侠, 王彩莲, 等. 饲粮中添加牛至精油和莫能菌素对荷斯坦犊牛血清生化指标、消化酶活性及瘤胃微生物区系的影响. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(12): 2458-2469. | |
27 | Yang J Z, Yuan F, Guo T J, et al. The effects of glycyrrihizic stems and leafs on blood physiological and biochemical indexes of Altay sheep. Grass-Feeding Livestock, 2021(6): 22-28. |
杨建中, 袁芳, 郭同军, 等. 甘草茎叶对育肥期阿勒泰羊血液生理生化指标的影响. 草食家畜, 2021(6): 22-28. | |
28 | Vicari T, Borne J V D. Postprandial blood hormone and metabolite concentrations influenced by feeding frequency and feeding level in veal calves. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 2008, 34(1): 74-88. |
29 | Sha W L T·Z N E H. Effects of different protein levels on digestive metabolism and serum biochemical indexes of calves. Livestock and Veterinary Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2015(5): 41-42. |
沙吾列特·再那尔汉. 不同蛋白水平对犊牛消化代谢及血清生化指标的影响. 畜牧兽医科技信息, 2015(5): 41-42. | |
30 | Bai X, Wu Y Y, Zhang W J. Effects of compound probiotics and mannose-oligosaccharides on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of weaned calves. Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology, 2023, 44(4): 31-36. |
白雪, 吴妍妍, 张文举. 复合微生态制剂和甘露寡糖对断奶犊牛生长性能和血清生化指标的影响. 家畜生态学报, 2023, 44(4): 31-36. | |
31 | Cui X. Effects and mechanism of different energy level on growth, digestion and metabolism, ruminal environment in heifers aged 4 to 6 months. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2014. |
崔祥. 日粮能量水平对4~6月龄犊牛生长、消化代谢及瘤胃内环境的影响. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2014. | |
32 | Zhao X D. Study on effects of cold season of all-captive feeding on growth performance, blood biochemistry and mineral of elements of Maiwa yaks. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2014. |
赵晓东. 冷季全舍饲对麦洼牦牛生长性能、血液生化和血清矿物元素的影响. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2014. | |
33 | Li X, Gao Y H, Peng Z L, et al. Effects of altitude changes on blood cell physiological parameters and cardiopulmonary histomorphological characteristics of yaks. Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology, 2022, 43(4): 47-54. |
李潇, 高彦华, 彭忠利, 等. 海拔高度变化对牦牛血细胞生理指标及心、肺组织形态特征的影响. 家畜生态学报, 2022, 43(4): 47-54. | |
34 | Gao Y Q. Study on the differences of economic benefits and influencing factors of beef cattle breeding-taking the northeast region as an example. Changchun: Jilin Agricultural University, 2021. |
高延清. 肉牛养殖经济效益差异及影响因素研究-以东北地区为例. 长春: 吉林农业大学, 2021. | |
35 | Wang W B, Liu S J, Chai S T, et al. Effects of supplemental concentrates on the weight gain of grazing yaks and Tibetan sheep. Gansu Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, 1997(3): 12-14. |
王万邦, 刘书杰, 柴沙驼, 等. 补饲精料对放牧牦牛藏羊的增重影响. 甘肃畜牧兽医, 1997(3): 12-14. | |
36 | Huang W Z, Wan L, Feng Y Z, et al. Effects of supplementary concentrate in cold season on body weight gaining, rumen fermentation and serum biochemical indexes in grazing yak calves. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2021, 51(2): 43-49. |
黄文植, 万里, 冯宇哲, 等. 冷季补饲精料对放牧牦牛犊牛体增重、瘤胃发酵及血清生化指标的影响. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2021, 51(2): 43-49. | |
37 | Deng Y F, Wang J, Hou W F, et al. Comparison of growth performance and economic benefits between winter and spring housing fattening and grazing rearing of Sibu yaks. Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2013, 49(17): 77-81. |
邓由飞, 王建, 侯文峰, 等. 斯布牦牛冬春季舍饲肥育与放牧饲养的生长性能和经济效益比较. 中国畜牧杂志, 2013, 49(17): 77-81. |
[1] | 苏东遥, 李永亮, 董晴, 赵心念, 李晓宇, 金晓东, 王亚男, 田树军, 高玉红, 孙新胜. 发酵床对哺乳期湖羔羊生长、消化以及血液理化特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(8): 86-97. |
[2] | 申迪, 曾子铭, 庞凯悦, 柴沙驼, 聂洪辛, 李毓敏, 廖扬, 王迅, 黄伟华, 刘书杰, 杨英魁, 王书祥. 低精料日粮和高精料日粮对牦牛生长性能和瘤胃菌群结构的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(5): 155-165. |
[3] | 张瑞, 安雪姣, 李建烨, 卢曾奎, 牛春娥, 徐振飞, 张金霞, 耿智广, 岳耀敬, 杨博辉. 湖羊及其不同杂交组合生长性能、产肉性能及肌肉品质比较分析[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(3): 186-197. |
[4] | 杨乾龙, 魏倩倩, 赵德辉, 郭肖兰, 张铁涛, 王晓旭, 鲍坤, 王凯英. 饲粮添加过瘤胃半胱氨酸对育成期梅花鹿生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(2): 148-159. |
[5] | 王钊, 刘静, 于昊, 李鹏, 牛伟强, 万永杰, 张艳丽, 茆达干. 日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育和肉品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(10): 162-172. |
[6] | 王循刚, 张晓玲, 徐田伟, 耿远月, 胡林勇, 赵娜, 刘宏金, 康生萍, 徐世晓. 饲粮蛋白质水平对藏系绵羊瘤胃真菌菌群结构及功能的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(2): 182-191. |
[7] | 范阳, 齐伟彪, 朱崇淼, 殷雨洋, 毛胜勇. 日粮中添加发酵豆渣对湖羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(11): 86-93. |
[8] | 霍俊宏, 詹康, 黄秋生, 钟小军, 占今舜, 严学兵. 不同精粗比日粮对山羊生产性能、血清生化指标和瘤胃发酵的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(6): 151-161. |
[9] | 蓝婧婷, 任瑞, 周瑞, 戴洪伟, 舒文秀, 朱凯, 王略宇, 徐红伟, 臧荣鑫. 花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标、小肠组织形态及经济效益的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(6): 180-189. |
[10] | 索效军, 张年, 杨前平, 陶虎, 熊琪, 李晓锋, 张凤, 陈明新. 日粮添加花生秧和苜蓿草粉对波麻杂交羊增重性能、内脏器官发育及血液指标的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(5): 146-154. |
[11] | 张生伟, 王小平, 张展海, 马友记, 滚双宝, 杨巧丽, 高小莉, 张保军. 青贮杂交构树对杜湖杂交肉羊生长性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(3): 89-99. |
[12] | 张磊, 韩雪林, 张娟, 李苏涛, 史文娇, 阳伏林. 岩藻多糖对肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标及养分表观消化率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(10): 159-168. |
[13] | 钱志豪, 韩丙芳, 刘自婷, 蔡伟, 伏兵哲, 马红彬. 渗灌对宁夏引黄灌区苜蓿生长性状及水分利用率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(3): 147-156. |
[14] | 方美烟, 王贤东, 于全平, 陈勇. 不同消化能、粗蛋白质水平饲粮对泌乳前期伊犁马营养物质消化代谢、血液生理生化指标和激素的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2020, 29(10): 129-138. |
[15] | 刘永嘉, 王聪, 刘强, 郭刚, 霍文婕, 张静, 裴彩霞, 张延利. 日粮补充异丁酸对犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵和纤维分解菌菌群的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(7): 151-158. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||