草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 120-131.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024472
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
卢小倩1,2(
), 陈金露1,2, 杨卫君3, 郭青云1,2, 王单丽1,2, 赵红梅1,2(
)
收稿日期:2024-11-26
修回日期:2025-01-22
出版日期:2025-10-20
发布日期:2025-07-11
通讯作者:
赵红梅
作者简介:E-mail: zhaohongmeidu@163.com基金资助:
Xiao-qian LU1,2(
), Jin-lu CHEN1,2, Wei-jun YANG3, Qing-yun GUO1,2, Dan-li WANG1,2, Hong-mei ZHAO1,2(
)
Received:2024-11-26
Revised:2025-01-22
Online:2025-10-20
Published:2025-07-11
Contact:
Hong-mei ZHAO
摘要:
为研究氮肥减量条件下添加腐植酸对北疆滴灌玉米田土壤真菌群落的影响,探究农田氮肥优化配施途径,采用随机区组试验设计,设置不施氮肥(CK, 0 kg·hm-2)、常规氮肥(T1, 300 kg·hm-2)、单施腐植酸(T2, 90 kg·hm-2)、常规氮肥配施腐植酸(T3)、氮肥减量15%配施腐植酸(T4)和氮肥减量30%配施腐植酸(T5)6个处理。利用 Illumina MiSeq 高通量测序技术,分析不同处理下土壤养分、土壤真菌多样性和群落结构及玉米产量的变化,探讨氮肥减量配施腐植酸对土壤真菌群落和玉米产量的影响。结果表明,与常规氮肥(T1)相比,氮肥减量15%配施腐植酸(T4)和氮肥减量30%配施腐植酸(T5)处理下土壤电导率(EC)显著降低了18.35%和24.85%,土壤碱解氮含量显著提高了32.00%和18.40%,而玉米产量在T4处理下最高,为18038.75 kg·hm-2,但未对土壤真菌群落Alpha和Beta多样性产生显著影响。与单施腐植酸(T2)相比,T4和T5处理下子囊菌门的相对丰度显著提高了21.85%和24.59%,却显著降低了球囊菌门和壶菌门的相对丰度。Pearson相关分析表明,土壤EC值与粪盘菌属极显著正相关,与葡萄球菌属显著负相关,土壤有机质含量与镰刀菌属显著负相关,土壤碱解氮含量与枝孢菌属显著正相关。冗余分析(RDA)显示,土壤速效磷是影响滴灌玉米田真菌门水平群落结构的主要因子,而EC值和碱解氮则显著影响了土壤真菌属水平群落结构。综上,氮肥减量配施腐植酸可通过引起土壤养分的变化,从而影响土壤真菌群落结构,促进有益菌群生长,抑制病原真菌繁殖,对改善土壤微生物环境、维持土壤微生物群落平衡和提高作物产量具有重要意义。
卢小倩, 陈金露, 杨卫君, 郭青云, 王单丽, 赵红梅. 氮肥减量配施腐植酸对北疆滴灌玉米田土壤真菌群落的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(10): 120-131.
Xiao-qian LU, Jin-lu CHEN, Wei-jun YANG, Qing-yun GUO, Dan-li WANG, Hong-mei ZHAO. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction combined with humic acid on soil fungal communities in drip irrigated maize fields in northern Xinjiang[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(10): 120-131.
处理 Treatment | 施肥量Amount of fertilizer applied (kg·hm-2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | P2O5 | K2O | HA | |
| CK | 0 | 150 | 90 | 0 |
| T1 | 300 | 150 | 90 | 0 |
| T2 | 0 | 150 | 90 | 90 |
| T3 | 300 | 150 | 90 | 90 |
| T4 | 255 | 150 | 90 | 90 |
| T5 | 210 | 150 | 90 | 90 |
表1 试验各处理及肥料施用量
Table 1 Experiments were carried out on each treatment and fertilization rate
处理 Treatment | 施肥量Amount of fertilizer applied (kg·hm-2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | P2O5 | K2O | HA | |
| CK | 0 | 150 | 90 | 0 |
| T1 | 300 | 150 | 90 | 0 |
| T2 | 0 | 150 | 90 | 90 |
| T3 | 300 | 150 | 90 | 90 |
| T4 | 255 | 150 | 90 | 90 |
| T5 | 210 | 150 | 90 | 90 |
图2 不同施肥处理对土壤养分的影响不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),ns表示不同处理间差异不显著。CK:不施氮肥;T1:常规氮肥;T2:单施腐植酸;T3:常规氮肥配施腐植酸;T4:氮肥减量15%配施腐植酸;T5:氮肥减量30%配施腐植酸。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05), ns indicates non-significant differences among different treatments. CK: No nitrogen fertilizer; T1: Conventional nitrogen fertilizer; T2: Humic acid alone; T3: Conventional nitrogen fertilizer with humic acid; T4: Nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 15% with humic acid; T5: Nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 30% with humic acid. The same below.
Fig.2 Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil nutrients
| 处理 Treatment | ACE指数ACE index | Chao1指数Chao1 index | 辛普森指数Simpson index | 香农指数Shannon index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 472.92±107.04ab | 494.36±108.12ab | 0.92±0.01b | 5.16±0.22b |
| T1 | 366.03±45.17b | 397.99±27.61b | 0.95±0.01a | 5.64±0.34ab |
| T2 | 538.56±58.53a | 557.14±69.16a | 0.94±0.01ab | 5.56±0.20ab |
| T3 | 477.72±145.05ab | 471.36±108.15ab | 0.94±0.02ab | 5.61±0.32ab |
| T4 | 387.01±47.48ab | 424.92±73.92ab | 0.95±0.02a | 5.74±0.54a |
| T5 | 458.45±119.85ab | 445.75±83.95ab | 0.93±0.01ab | 5.38±0.15ab |
表2 不同施肥处理下土壤真菌Alpha多样性指数
Table 2 Alpha diversity of soil fungi under different fertilization treatments
| 处理 Treatment | ACE指数ACE index | Chao1指数Chao1 index | 辛普森指数Simpson index | 香农指数Shannon index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 472.92±107.04ab | 494.36±108.12ab | 0.92±0.01b | 5.16±0.22b |
| T1 | 366.03±45.17b | 397.99±27.61b | 0.95±0.01a | 5.64±0.34ab |
| T2 | 538.56±58.53a | 557.14±69.16a | 0.94±0.01ab | 5.56±0.20ab |
| T3 | 477.72±145.05ab | 471.36±108.15ab | 0.94±0.02ab | 5.61±0.32ab |
| T4 | 387.01±47.48ab | 424.92±73.92ab | 0.95±0.02a | 5.74±0.54a |
| T5 | 458.45±119.85ab | 445.75±83.95ab | 0.93±0.01ab | 5.38±0.15ab |
图6 土壤养分与真菌群落门、属水平的相关性分析EC:电导率Electrical conductivity;SOM:有机质Organic matter;AN:碱解氮 Available nitrogen;AP:速效磷 Available phosphorus;AK:速效钾 Available potassium;下同 The same below. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01.
Fig. 6 Correlation analysis between soil nutrients and fungal communities at phylum and genus level
处理 Treatment | 穗粒数 Kernels per ear (No.) | 百粒重 Hundred-grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 617.75±1.55b | 27.48±0.79d | 11376.08±300.88e |
| T1 | 656.47±2.27a | 37.37±0.60b | 16716.18±281.76bc |
| T2 | 621.76±24.00b | 33.63±0.12c | 14241.93±528.13d |
| T3 | 656.30±3.81a | 38.37±0.57ab | 17153.17±227.19ab |
| T4 | 660.42±5.25a | 40.10±0.76a | 18038.75±298.94a |
| T5 | 638.55±11.11ab | 38.70±0.48ab | 16006.59±259.03c |
表3 氮肥减量配施腐植酸对玉米产量及产量构成因素的影响
Table 3 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction with humic acid application on maize yield and yield components
处理 Treatment | 穗粒数 Kernels per ear (No.) | 百粒重 Hundred-grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg·hm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 617.75±1.55b | 27.48±0.79d | 11376.08±300.88e |
| T1 | 656.47±2.27a | 37.37±0.60b | 16716.18±281.76bc |
| T2 | 621.76±24.00b | 33.63±0.12c | 14241.93±528.13d |
| T3 | 656.30±3.81a | 38.37±0.57ab | 17153.17±227.19ab |
| T4 | 660.42±5.25a | 40.10±0.76a | 18038.75±298.94a |
| T5 | 638.55±11.11ab | 38.70±0.48ab | 16006.59±259.03c |
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