施氮和刈割对辽西北退化草地3种优势植物生态化学计量变化的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2025296

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究施氮与刈割对辽西北退化草地植物生态化学计量特征变化的影响，本研究以羊草、寸草苔和糙隐子草为对象，通过施氮和刈割留茬高度双因子试验，并采用三因素与双因素方差分析、冗余分析及相关性矩阵分析了不同处理下3种植物碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）含量及碳氮比（C∶N）、氮磷比（N∶P）的响应特征。结果表明：1）施氮显著提高糙隐子草与寸草苔的氮含量，糙隐子草的碳含量显著下降，碳氮比显著降低，对羊草无显著影响；2）刈割留茬6 cm显著提高糙隐子草碳含量，留茬12 cm显著降低寸草苔磷含量，对羊草无显著影响；3）刈割留茬6 cm与施氮交互处理3种物种氮磷比均大于16，表明3种物种均受到磷限制；4）在短期围封下留茬6 cm与施氮协同显著提升植物氮含量、降低碳氮比，并诱导养分限制从氮转向磷，从而优化了植物养分循环，但长期效应仍需进一步验证，刈割留茬3或12 cm会加剧寸草苔磷养分限制；5）在刈割留茬6 cm与施氮协同处理下，氮磷含量的异步变化表明氮和磷在不同植物中发生解耦。研究结果为退化草地恢复中氮肥施用与刈割管理的权衡提供了科学依据。

关键词: 退化草地, 氮肥, 刈割, 碳氮比, 磷含量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of plants in degraded grasslands of northwest Liaoning， this study examined Leymus chinensis，Carex duriuscula， and Cleistogenes squarrosa through a two-factor experiment involving nitrogen application and stubble mowing height. The responses of carbon （C）， nitrogen （N）， and phosphorus （P） contents， as well as the C∶N and N∶P in the three plant species under different treatments were analyzed using three-way and two-way analysis of variance （ANOVA）， redundancy analysis （RDA）， and correlation matrices. The results showed that： 1） N addition significantly increased the nitrogen concentration in C. squarrosa and C. duriuscula， while it significantly decreased the carbon concentration and the C∶N in C. squarrosa. No significant effect was observed on L. chinensis. 2） Mowing at a 6 cm stubble height significantly increased the carbon concentration in C. squarrosa， whereas mowing at a 12 cm stubble height significantly reduced the phosphorus concentration in C. duriuscula. Mowing had no significant effect on L. chinensis. 3） Under the combined treatment of mowing at 6 cm stubble height with N addition， the N∶P of all three species exceeded 16， indicating the emergence of an interaction involving phosphorus limitation. 4） Short-term fencing revealed that the synergy between mowing at 6 cm stubble height and N addition significantly enhanced plant nitrogen concentration， reduced the C∶N， and induced a shift in nutrient limitation from nitrogen to phosphorus， thereby optimizing plant nutrient cycling. However， the long-term effects require further validation. In contrast， mowing at 3 or 12 cm stubble height exacerbated phosphorus limitation in C. duriuscula. 5） The asynchronous changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations under the combined mowing （6 cm） and N addition treatment suggest a decoupling of nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics across the different plant species. These findings provide a scientific basis for balancing nitrogen fertilization and mowing management in the restoration of degraded grasslands.

Key words: degraded grassland, nitrogen fertilizer, mowing, carbon-nitrogen ratio, phosphorus content

王佳铭, 吴飞, 杨沂杰, 吕林有, 乌云娜, 宋彦涛. 施氮和刈割对辽西北退化草地3种优势植物生态化学计量变化的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(7): 46-57.

Jia-ming WANG, Fei WU, Yi-jie YANG, Lin-you LYU, Wuyunna, Yan-tao SONG. Effects of nitrogen addition and mowing on ecological stoichiometry of three dominant plant species in northwestern Liaoning Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(7): 46-57.

图/表 8

表1 施氮、刈割对不同植物化学计量特征影响的三因素方差分析结果（P值）

Table 1 Results of three-way ANOVA （P-values） for the effects of nitrogen addition， mowing， and their interactions on plant stoichiometric traits

处理 Treatment	自由度 Degree of freedom	碳含量 Carbon content	氮含量 Nitrogen content	磷含量 Phosphorus content	碳氮比 C∶N	氮磷比 N∶P
物种Species	2	0.060	0.023	0.032	0.001	0.148
刈割Mowing	3	0.002	<0.001	0.005	<0.001	0.001
施氮Nitrogen addition	1	0.506	<0.001	0.878	<0.001	0.060
物种×刈割Species×mowing	6	0.152	<0.001	0.879	0.001	0.625
物种×施氮Species×nitrogen addition	2	0.729	<0.001	0.720	0.037	0.291
刈割×施氮Mowing×nitrogen addition	3	0.121	0.004	0.002	0.530	<0.001
物种×刈割×施氮Species×mowing×nitrogen addition	6	0.897	<0.001	0.915	0.022	0.435

图1 不同处理下植物碳含量N0：不施氮No nitrogen addition； N10：施氮Nitrogen addition； NM：不刈割No mowing； M3/M6/M12：刈割留茬3、6、12 cm Mowing with 3/6/12 cm stubble. Lc：羊草L. chinensis； Ca：寸草苔C. duriuscula； Cs：糙隐子草C. squarrosa. 不同小写字母表示不同处理间存在显著性差异（P<0.05），下同。Different lowercase letters are significantly different among treatments （P<0.05）. The same below.

Fig.1 Mean plant carbon content under different treatments

图2 不同处理下植物氮含量

Fig.2 Mean plant nitrogen content under different treatments

图3 不同处理下植物磷含量

Fig.3 Mean plant phosphorus content under different treatments

图4 不同处理下植物碳氮比

Fig.4 Mean plant C∶N under different treatments

图5 不同处理下植物氮磷比

Fig.5 Mean plant N∶P under different treatments

表2 3种植物化学计量特征间的相关性矩阵

Table 2 Correlation matrix of stoichiometric traits across three plant species

物种Species	指标Index	氮含量Nitrogen content	磷含量Phosphorus content	碳氮比C∶N	氮磷比N∶P
羊草 L. chinensis	碳含量Carbon content	0.200	-0.355	0.213	0.485*
	氮含量Nitrogen content		0.122	-0.902**	0.198
	磷含量Phosphorus content			-0.266	-0.873**
	碳氮比C∶N				0.023
寸草苔 C. duriuscula	碳含量Carbon content	-0.527**	-0.265	0.856**	0.169
	氮含量Nitrogen content		0.307	-0.886**	-0.112
	磷含量Phosphorus content			-0.329	-0.862**
	碳氮比C∶N				0.161
糙隐子草 C. squarrosa	碳含量Carbon content	-0.026	-0.301	0.501*	0.177
	氮含量Nitrogen content		0.026	-0.866**	0.306
	磷含量Phosphorus content			-0.166	-0.780**
	碳氮比C∶N				-0.200

图6 生物量与各植物养分含量及计量比间的冗余分析空心箭头表示养分含量及计量比因素，实心箭头表示不同植物的生物量。Open arrows represent factors of nutrient content and stoichiometric ratios， while solid arrows represent the biomass of different plant species.

Fig.6 Redundancy analysis of biomass and nutrient content and stoichiometric ratios in various

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