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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 40-52.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025059

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播模式下施氮量对草地生产力和能量利用效率的影响

张译尹1,2,3(), 肖爱萍1,4(), 王斌1,2,3, 王腾飞1,2,3, 胡海英1,2,3, 兰剑1,2,3()   

  1. 1.宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.宁夏草牧业工程研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021
    3.农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021
    4.宁夏回族自治区畜牧工作站,宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26 修回日期:2025-04-28 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2025-11-13
  • 通讯作者: 兰剑
  • 作者简介:E-mail: ndlanjian@163.com
    张译尹(1998-),女,甘肃定西人,在读博士。E-mail: 2543378861@qq.com
    肖爱萍(1984-),女,宁夏银川人,硕士。E-mail: ycdxap@126.com第一联系人:共同第一作者These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32201474);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLK2017A01);“一年两熟”人工草地可持续发展模式研究与示范项目(2021BBF02001)

Effect of nitrogen application on grass productivity and energy use efficiency in a mixed forage sorghum/lablab planting

Yi-yin ZHANG1,2,3(), Ai-ping XIAO1,4(), Bin WANG1,2,3, Teng-fei WANG1,2,3, Hai-ying HU1,2,3, Jian LAN1,2,3()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Grassland,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Ningxia Grassland and Pasture Engineering Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China
    3.Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yinchuan 750021,China
    4.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Station,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2025-02-26 Revised:2025-04-28 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2025-11-13
  • Contact: Jian LAN

摘要:

通过探讨混播模式下不同施氮水平对草地生产性能、经济效益、能量利用效率和生态效能指数的影响,可为氮素高效利用和生态可持续发展提供科学依据。于2021-2023年在宁夏大学四墩子草学野外科学研究基地开展田间定位试验,采用双因素试验设计,设置2个种植模式(SS:饲用高粱单播;SL:饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播)和4个施氮水平(N0:0 kg·hm-2;N90:90 kg·hm-2;N180:180 kg·hm-2;N270:270 kg·hm-2)。结果表明:混播与氮素调控的协同效应显著提高了系统干草产量和粗蛋白产量,且在施氮量为180 kg·hm-2水平下表现出最优生产性能,干草产量(29.08 t·hm-2)和粗蛋白产量(2.62 t·hm-2)均达到最高,较饲用高粱单播模式平均提高了20.69%~23.86%和21.03%~26.89%。经济效益分析显示,在180 kg·hm-2施氮水平下饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播模式的年均净收入和净产出能量均为最高,较不施肥分别提高33.94%和21.32%,表现出良好的经济-能源协同效应。此外,饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播模式下施氮量为90 kg·hm-2时能量利用效率和能量生产力最高,分别为10.84和0.60 kg·MJ-1,较不施肥分别提高了1.94%和1.95%。综合草地生产性能、经济效益、能量利用效率以及生态效能指数对不同种植模式进行可持续评价得出,混播结合施氮180 kg·hm-2处理下可持续指数最高(0.97)。因此,西北干旱区饲用高粱/拉巴豆混播种植系统的最佳施氮量为180 kg·hm-2,以相对较低的氮肥投入提高了牧草产量和农业系统的可持续性。

关键词: 混播, 氮肥, 生产性能, 生态效能指数, 经济效益

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen application rates on grassland production performance, economic efficiency, energy use efficiency, and ecological efficiency index under mixed seeding conditions. The overall aim of our research was to provide a scientific basis for the efficient use of N fertilizer to achieve environmentally sustainable development. We conducted a field trial in 2021-2023 at the Sidunzi Grass Field Science Research Base of Ningxia University. The experiment had a two-factor design with two cropping patterns (SS: forage sorghum monoculture; SL: forage sorghum/lablab mixed cropping) and four N application rates (N0: 0 kg·ha-1; N90: 90 kg·ha-1; N180: 180 kg·ha-1; N270: 270 kg·ha-1). It was found that the synergistic effect of mixed seeding and nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the hay yield and crude protein yield of the system. The optimum production performance was obtained with the mixed crop fertilized with N at 180 kg·ha-1. This treatment had the highest hay yield (29.08 t·ha-1) and crude protein yield (2.62 t·ha-1). These values were higher on average by 20.69%-23.86% and 21.03%-26.89%, respectively, compared with those in the other treatments and the control. An economic benefit analysis showed that the forage sorghum/lablab mixed planting fertilized with 180 kg·ha-1 N had the highest average annual net income and net energy output. The values for this treatment 33.94% and 21.32% higher, respectively, than those in the control (no fertilizer), demonstrating good economic-energy synergy effects. The forage sorghum/lablab mix with 90 kg·ha-1 N application had the highest energy use efficiency and energy productivity at 10.84 and 0.60 kg·MJ-1, respectively. These values were 1.94% and 1.95% higher than the respective values in the control. The sustainability of the different cropping patterns was evaluated on the basis of the forage yield, economic efficiency, energy use efficiency, and ecological efficiency index. The highest sustainability index (0.97) was obtained for the mixed crop with N application at 180 kg·ha-1. Therefore, application of N fertilizer at 180 kg·ha-1 is the optimum level for the forage sorghum/lablab mixed cropping system in the Northwest Arid Zone. This treatment improves the forage yield and sustainability of the cropping system with relatively low N fertilizer inputs.

Key words: seed mixing, nitrogen fertilizer, production performance, eco-efficiency index, economic benefit