Community diversity， patterns of productivity， and factors influencing them in Stipa in Ningxia grassland

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020064

Abstract

Abstract:

Species diversity and productivity are core indicators of grassland ecosystems and the fundamental factors for characterizing the services and functions of grassland ecosystems. The temperate grasslands in Ningxia are located in the transitional area between arid and semi-arid grasslands. Stipa is the dominant plant genus and it is sensitive to changes in water and heat. Therefore， in this study， we focused on the diversity of Stipa plant communities in Ningxia grasslands in the context of global climate change. A knowledge of the patterns of diversity and productivity， and the factors that influence them at the macro-scale， is not only of great value for research on ecological theory， but is also significant for the production and management of natural grasslands in Ningxia. In this study， 15 Stipa plant communities in the temperate grassland of Ningxia were studied in detail. Fifteen field observation plots were established along an environmental gradient， and the characteristics of the plant community， soil nutrient status， and climatic factors were measured. The spatial distribution patterns of plant community diversity and productivity， and the responses of plant communities to ecological factors were also determined. These analyses clarified the relationship between plant community species diversity and productivity. We found that： 1） The productivity of the Stipa community in Ningxia was significantly positively correlated with latitude and negatively correlated with altitude and longitude； species diversity was significantly negatively correlated with latitude and significantly positively correlated with altitude， but not significantly correlated with longitude； 2） The results of redundancy analyses showed that soil available nitrogen， annual average temperature， soil organic carbon， soil total nitrogen， annual average radiation， soil moisture， soil bulk density， soil total phosphorus， average annual precipitation， average monthly precipitation of the growing season， and average monthly precipitation of the dry season were the main factors affecting species diversity and productivity. Soil factors explained， respectively， 15.6%， 17.8%， and 19.8% of the variation in productivity， diversity， and overall interpretation， and hydrothermal factors explained， respectively， 13.8%， 37.9%， and 25.2% of the variation in the same factors， while the interaction between hydrothermal factors and soil factors explained， respectively， 68.7%， 39.6%， and 50.6% of the variation in the same factors. In general， water， heat， and soil factors were identified as the drivers of the productivity and diversity patterns of Stipa in Ningxia， but the sizes of their contributions to diversity and productivity differed， and showed certain trends. Community diversity and productivity tended to be positively correlated， but this was not statistically significant. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the production and management of natural grasslands in Ningxia.

Key words: Stipa community, diversity, productivity, hydrothermal conditions, soil

Wan-di LIU, Xiao-wei LI, Wen-guang HUANG, Hui-cheng MA, Hong-ying MA, Wen-xiao WANG. Community diversity， patterns of productivity， and factors influencing them in Stipa in Ningxia grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(1): 12-23.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Survey distribution of sample

Table 1 Overview of each observation sample point

样地编号No.	经度Longitude (E)	纬度Latitude (N)	海拔Elevation (m)	优势种Dominant species
S₁	106°29′06″	38°05′14″	1220.53	短花针茅S. breviflora
S₂	106°29′07″	38°05′13″	1233.42	沙生针茅S. caucasic
S₃	107°17′55″	37°41′17″	1489.14	长芒草S. bungeana
S₄	107°17′55″	37°41′15″	1486.94	短花针茅S. breviflora
S₅	106°16′07″	37°14′58″	1929.39	戈壁针茅S. tianschanica
S₆	106°14′52″	37°14′58″	1675.94	短花针茅S. breviflora
S₇	106°01′55″	37°43′24″	1624.32	短花针茅S.breviflora
S₈	105°11′43″	37°11′10″	2086.00	戈壁针茅S. tianschanica
S₉	105°11′44″	37°11′10″	2085.01	短花针茅S. breviflora
S₁₀	105°30′44″	36°47′05″	1680.42	短花针茅S. breviflora
S₁₁	106°14′39″	36°39′55″	1676.49	短花针茅S. breviflora
S₁₂	106°29′47″	36°44′21″	1998.14	大针茅S. grandis
S₁₃	106°17′51″	36°16′46″	1926.49	大针茅S. grandis
S₁₄	106°24′40″	36°12′04″	1815.14	大针茅S. grandis
S₁₅	105°37′46″	36°24′21″	2462.52	甘青针茅S. przewalskyi

Table 2 The distribution of community diversity and productivity of Stipa in Ningxia grassland (mean±SD)

植物群落 Plant community	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)	Simpson优势度指数Simpson dominance index （J）	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( $H'$ )	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (Y)	物种丰富度 Species richness (S)
短花针茅S. breviflora	124.97±59.09c	0.70±0.16bc	1.47±0.47cd	0.79±0.10bc	6.89±2.75c
长芒草S. bungeana	110.05±62.18c	0.85±0.20a	2.19±0.09a	0.87±0.24ab	12.00±1.26ab
戈壁针茅S. tianschanica	241.53±27.44b	0.74±0.68ab	1.66±0.25bc	0.82±0.59abc	7.80±1.87c
沙生针茅S.caucasica	112.30±86.29c	0.61±0.92c	1.28±0.27d	0.74±0.68c	5.80±1.64c
甘青针茅S. przewalskyi	326.20±58.02a	0.86±0.01a	2.28±1.14a	0.88±0.18a	13.40±2.30a
大针茅S. grandis	198.74±51.15b	0.80±0.06ab	1.96±0.22ab	0.83±0.67ab	10.80±1.93b

Table 2 The distribution of community diversity and productivity of Stipa in Ningxia grassland (mean±SD)

植物群落 Plant community	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)	Simpson优势度指数Simpson dominance index （J）	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( $H'$ )	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (Y)	物种丰富度 Species richness (S)
短花针茅S. breviflora	124.97±59.09c	0.70±0.16bc	1.47±0.47cd	0.79±0.10bc	6.89±2.75c
长芒草S. bungeana	110.05±62.18c	0.85±0.20a	2.19±0.09a	0.87±0.24ab	12.00±1.26ab
戈壁针茅S. tianschanica	241.53±27.44b	0.74±0.68ab	1.66±0.25bc	0.82±0.59abc	7.80±1.87c
沙生针茅S.caucasica	112.30±86.29c	0.61±0.92c	1.28±0.27d	0.74±0.68c	5.80±1.64c
甘青针茅S. przewalskyi	326.20±58.02a	0.86±0.01a	2.28±1.14a	0.88±0.18a	13.40±2.30a
大针茅S. grandis	198.74±51.15b	0.80±0.06ab	1.96±0.22ab	0.83±0.67ab	10.80±1.93b

Fig.2 Spatial distribution patterns of productivity, species richness and Shannon-Weiner diversity indices of Stipa community in Ningxia grassland

Table 3 Soil characteristics of the community (0-30 cm) of Stipa in Ningxia grassland (mean±SD)

样地编号No.	土壤有机碳SOC (g?kg^-1)	土壤全氮 TN (g?kg^-1)	土壤全磷 TP (g?kg^-1)	pH	土壤速效氮 SAN (mg?kg^-1)	土壤速效磷 SAP (mg?kg^-1)	容重 BD (g?cm^-3)	土壤含水量SWC (%)
S₁	2.34±0.51g	0.03±0.00h	0.22±0.02h	8.14±0.03fg	2.91±0.70gh	10.75±4.94fg	1.4007b	3.35e
S₂	2.87±0.62g	0.03±0.00h	0.24±0.00h	8.08±0.03g	2.10±0.73gh	22.25±6.25def	1.5451a	3.78de
S₃	2.65±0.33g	0.04±0.00h	0.20±0.01h	8.16±0.02efg	1.09±0.71h	11.88±2.47fg	1.3956b	4.81de
S₄	3.97±0.28g	0.04±0.01h	0.28±0.02g	8.16±0.05efg	3.61±2.64fgh	8.49±2.99g	1.1980d	13.83c
S₅	21.18±2.18d	0.11±0.01f	0.44±0.04e	8.14±0.05fg	12.01±1.60cd	30.56±8.56cd	1.2119d	11.59c
S₆	3.30±0.65g	0.05±0.00h	0.44±0.01e	8.23±0.06def	5.25±1.58fg	43.75±3.12a	1.1673def	11.94c
S₇	4.20±0.66g	0.07±0.03g	0.39±0.03f	8.21±0.06ef	4.20±3.16fg	15.08±4.88efg	1.3235bc	4.24de
S₈	13.29±3.77e	0.10±0.02ef	0.48±0.02d	8.32±0.08bcd	10.03±2.11de	16.03±4.56efg	1.1790de	6.87de
S₉	26.77±2.30c	0.16±0.01d	0.52±0.01c	8.16±0.03efg	15.05±0.73bc	42.23±9.14ab	1.1420defg	6.55de
S₁₀	11.70±0.58ef	0.10±0.01ef	0.52±0.01c	8.23±0.02def	6.88±2.05ef	16.96±2.94efg	1.2281cd	4.19de
S₁₁	8.38±1.65f	0.08±0.01fg	0.53±0.02c	8.26±0.04cde	4.90±1.73fg	12.26±5.38fg	1.2208d	7.23d
S₁₂	26.61±6.34c	0.15±0.01d	0.63±0.01ab	8.35±0.06abc	15.40±1.73bc	24.69±2.91de	1.1624def	10.65c
S₁₃	28.03±3.12c	0.18±0.01c	0.60±0.01b	8.42±0.01a	15.74±1.41b	22.25±4.94def	1.0851efg	21.89b
S₁₄	39.05±2.80a	0.21±0.01b	0.66±0.01a	8.39±0.03ab	18.54±0.73b	38.11±12.47abc	1.0546g	19.35b
S₁₅	35.34±3.97b	0.30±0.01a	0.63±0.01ab	7.84±0.06h	29.62±4.40a	32.45±7.21bcd	1.0661fg	30.37a

Table 4 Correlation analysis of community and ecological factors of Stipa in Ningxia grassland

因子 Factor	生产力 Productivity	物种丰富度 Species richness (S)	Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index （J）	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( $H'$ )	Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index (Y)
经度Longitude	-0.554^*	NS	NS	NS	NS
纬度Latitude	-0.541^*	-0.563^*	-0.645^**	-0.585^*	-0.560^*
海拔Elevation	0.846^**	0.572^*	0.576^*	0.556^*	0.509
年均温MAT	-0.841^**	-0.604^*	-0.603^*	-0.586^*	-0.533^*
年降水量MAP	NS	0.700^**	0.705^**	0.691^**	0.593^*
年均辐射Ssrad	-0.626^*	-0.643^**	-0.684^**	-0.646^**	-0.584^*
生长季月均降水量GSP	NS	0.716^**	0.722^**	0.709^**	0.601^*
干旱季月均降水量PDA	NS	0.690^**	0.675^**	0.666^**	0.504^*
土壤有机质SOC	0.750^**	0.578^*	0.572^*	0.576^*	NS
土壤全氮TN	0.794^**	0.613^*	0.566^*	0.580^*	NS
土壤含水量SWC	0.675^**	0.596^*	0.599^*	0.610^*	0.615^*
土壤全磷TP	0.616^*	NS	NS	NS	NS
土壤速效氮SAN	0.857^**	0.593^*	0.537^*	0.567^*	NS
土壤速效磷SAP	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
pH	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

Table 4 Correlation analysis of community and ecological factors of Stipa in Ningxia grassland

因子 Factor	生产力 Productivity	物种丰富度 Species richness (S)	Simpson优势度指数 Simpson dominance index （J）	Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index ( $H'$ )	Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index (Y)
经度Longitude	-0.554^*	NS	NS	NS	NS
纬度Latitude	-0.541^*	-0.563^*	-0.645^**	-0.585^*	-0.560^*
海拔Elevation	0.846^**	0.572^*	0.576^*	0.556^*	0.509
年均温MAT	-0.841^**	-0.604^*	-0.603^*	-0.586^*	-0.533^*
年降水量MAP	NS	0.700^**	0.705^**	0.691^**	0.593^*
年均辐射Ssrad	-0.626^*	-0.643^**	-0.684^**	-0.646^**	-0.584^*
生长季月均降水量GSP	NS	0.716^**	0.722^**	0.709^**	0.601^*
干旱季月均降水量PDA	NS	0.690^**	0.675^**	0.666^**	0.504^*
土壤有机质SOC	0.750^**	0.578^*	0.572^*	0.576^*	NS
土壤全氮TN	0.794^**	0.613^*	0.566^*	0.580^*	NS
土壤含水量SWC	0.675^**	0.596^*	0.599^*	0.610^*	0.615^*
土壤全磷TP	0.616^*	NS	NS	NS	NS
土壤速效氮SAN	0.857^**	0.593^*	0.537^*	0.567^*	NS
土壤速效磷SAP	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
pH	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

Fig. 3 RDA analysis of community and ecological factors of Stipa in Ningxia grassland

Fig.4 Environmental factors to explain community diversity and productivity of Stipa in Ningxia grassland

Table 5 RDA sequence of species and ecological factors of Stipa community in Ningxia grassland

RDA排序轴

RDA ordination

非典型相关Pseudo-canonical correlation

物种数据方差累积百分比

Cumulative percentage variance of species data

Fig. 5 Relationship between community diversity and productivity of stipa in Ningxia grassland

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