Correlations between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and distribution of main grassland types in Ningxia

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020186

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution and types of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi in different grassland types in Ningxia. We selected areas with five vegetation types on the desert steppe （Pennisetum centrasiaticum+Glycyrrhiza uralensis， Stipa breviflora+Lespedeza potaninii+Artemisia scoparia， Artemisia arenaria， and S. breviflora） and dry steppe （Stipa bungeana+Leymus secalinus+Artemisia gansuensis）. These areas have been fenced since 2003. The soil AM fungi were analyzed by fatty acid fingerprinting and subjected to high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform. The correlations between soil AM fungal diversity and community composition， characteristics of grassland vegetation community， and soil environmental factors were determined. The results showed that there were significant differences in the soil AM fungal biomass characterized by neutral lipid fatty acids （16：1ω5c） in the steppe grassland soil of S. bungeana+L. secalinus+A. gansuensis， compared with the desert steppe soils of P. centrasiaticum+G. uralensis， S. breviflora+L. potaninii+A. scoparia， A. arenaria， and S. breviflora （P<0.01）. The values of the Shannon-Wiener index， Simpson’s index， Chao1 index， and Pielou index were higher for AM fungi in soil of S. bungeana+L. secalinus+A. gansuensis on the dry steppe than for soil AM fungi in soil from vegetation types on desert steppe （P<0.05）. We identified one phylum， three classes， four orders， seven families， eight genera， and 50 species of AM fungi. Glomus and Paraglomus were the dominant genera of AM fungi. Under the different classification levels， there were significant differences in the relative abundance of 11 kinds of AM fungi between the dry steppe and desert steppe soils. The results of nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the soil AM fungal communities differed between the dry steppe and the desert steppe， and the AM fungal communities on the dry steppe were more diverse than those on the desert steppe. The AM fungal Shannon-Wiener index and Chao1 index were significantly positively correlated with the vegetation Shannon-Wiener index， species， total biomass， and the vegetation importance value， as determined by Pearson’s correlation analyses. The relative abundance of Claroideoglomus and Paraglomus was positively and significantly correlated with the contents of soil total nitrogen， total phosphorus， available nitrogen， organic matter， and available potassium. Our results indicate that differences in soil physical and chemical properties and the characteristics of vegetation types caused by rainfall distribution and elevation are the main factors affecting the diversity of soil AM fungi and the relative abundance of dominant soil AM genera in different grassland types.

Key words: desert steppe, dry steppe, AM fungi, community structure, vegetation

Zhan-jun WANG, Kun MA, Hui-zhen CUI, Guang-wen LI, Hong-qian YU, Qi JIANG. Correlations between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and distribution of main grassland types in Ningxia[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(12): 150-160.

Figures/Tables 11

References 41

1	Faghihinia M， Zou Y， Chen Z， et al. The response of grassland mycorrhizal fungal abundance to a range of long-term grazing intensities. Rhizosphere， 2020， 13： 100178.
2	Guo S J. Discussion on the grassland types in Ningxia. Journal of Ningxia Agricultural College， 1985， 1： 81-87.
	郭思加. 关于宁夏草地类型若干问题的商榷. 宁夏农学院学报， 1985， 1： 81-87.
3	Zhao Y， Yu Z. Grassland monitoring of Ningxia. Yingchuan： Sunshine Press， 2016.
	赵勇，于钊. 宁夏草原监测. 银川：阳光出版社， 2016.
4	Wagg C， Jansa J， Schmid B， et al. Belowground biodiversity effects of plant symbionts support aboveground productivity. Ecology Letters， 2011， 14（10）： 1001-1009.
5	Johnson N C， Rowland D L， Corkidi L， et al. Nitrogen enrichment alters mycorrhizal allocation at five mesic to semiarid grasslands. Ecology， 2003， 84（7）： 1895-1908.
6	Krüger C， Kohout P， Janoušková M， et al. Plant communities rather than soil properties structure arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities along primary succession on a mine spoil. Frontiers in Microbiology， 2017， 8： 1-16.
7	Zhou W P， Xiang D， Hu Y J， et al. Influences of long-term enclosure on the restoration of plant and AM fungal communities on grassland under different grazing intensities. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2013， 33（11）： 3383-3393.
	周文萍，向丹，胡亚军，等. 长期围封对不同放牧强度下草地植物和AM真菌群落恢复的影响. 生态学报， 2013， 33（11）： 3383-3393.
8	Stovera H J， Anne N M， Katja B B. Soil disturbance changes arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi richness and composition in a fescue grassland in Alberta Canada. Applied Soil Ecology， 2018， 131： 29-37.
9	Zubek S， Majewska M， Błaszkowski J， et al. Invasive plants affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance and species richness as well as the performance of native plants grown in invaded soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils， 2016， 52： 879-893.
10	Zhang T， Sun Y， Shi Z Y， et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can accelerate the restoration of degraded spring grassland in central Asia. Rangeland Ecology and Management， 2012， 65（4）： 426-432.
11	Řezáčová V， Slavíková R， Konvalinková T， et al. Geography and habitat predominate over climate influences on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities of mid-European meadows. Mycorrhiza， 2019， 29（6）： 567-579.
12	Torrecillas E， Alguacil M D M， Roldán A， et al. Modularity reveals a tendency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to interact difffferently with generalist and specialist plant species in gypsum soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology， 2014， 80（17）： 5457-5466.
13	Van G M， Jacquemyn H， Plue J， et al. Abiotic rather than biotic fifiltering shapes the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities of European seminatural grasslands. New Phytologist， 2018， 220（4）： 1262-1272.
14	Klichowska E， Nobis M， Piszczek P， et al. Soil properties rather than topography， climatic conditions， and vegetation type shape AMF-feathergrass relationship in semi-natural European grasslands. Applied Soil Ecology， 2019， 144： 22-30.
15	Torrecillas E， Torres P， Alguacil M M， et al. Influence of habitat and climate variables on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus community distribution， as revealed by a case study of facultative plant epiphytism under semiarid conditions. Environmental Microbiology， 2013， 79（23）： 7203-7237.
16	He D， Xiang X， He J， et al. Composition of the soil fungal community is more sensitive to phosphorus than nitrogen addition in the alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Biology and Fertility of Soils， 2016， 52（8）： 1059-1072.
17	Guan H L， Fan J W， Li Y Z. The impact of different introduced artificial grassland species combinations on community biomass and specie sdiversity in temperate steppe of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Acta Pratacultume Sinica， 2019， 28（9）： 192-201.
	官惠玲，樊江文，李愈哲.不同人工草地对青藏高原温性草原群落生物量组成及物种多样性的影响. 草业学报， 2019， 28（9）： 192-201.
18	Xu H P， Yu C， Shu C C， et al. The effeet of plateau pika disturbance on plant community diversity and stability in an alpine meadow. Acta Prataculturne Sinica， 2019， 28（5）： 90-99.
	徐海鹏，于成，舒朝成，等. 高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草原植物群落多样性和稳定性的影响. 草业学报， 2019， 28（5）： 90-99.
19	Bao S D. Soil agrochemical analysis （The 3rd Edition）. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 2000.
	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析（第3版）. 北京：中国农业出版社， 2000.
20	Wei C H， Liu Y J， Ye X X， et al. Effects of intercropping potato with maize on soil and crop. Journal of Zhejiang University （Agriculture and Life Sciences）， 2017， 43（1）： 54-64.
	魏常慧，刘亚军，冶秀香，等.马铃薯/玉米间作栽培对土壤和作物的影响. 浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）， 2017， 43（1）： 54-64.
21	Sato K， Suyam Y， Saito M， et al. A new primer for discrimination of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with polymerase chain reaction-denature gradient gel electrophoresis. Grassland Science， 2005， 51： 179-181.
22	Ma K， Song L L， Wang M G， et al. Effects of maize straw returning on native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology， 2019， 30（8）： 2746-2756.
	马琨，宋丽丽，王明国，等．玉米秸秆还田对土壤丛枝菌根真菌群落的影响．应用生态学报， 2019， 30（8）： 2746-2756.
23	Mellado-Vazquez P G， Lange M， Bachmann D， et al. Plant diversity generates enhanced soil microbial access to recently photosynthesized carbon in the rhizosphere. Soil Biology and Biochemistry， 2016， 94： 122-132.
24	Zobel M， Opik M. Plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal （AMF） communities-which drives which？ Journal of Vegetation Science， 2014， 25（5）： 1133-1140.
25	Milcu A， Christiane R， Gessler A， et al. Functional diversity of leaf nitrogen concentrations drives grassland carbon fluxes. Ecology Letters， 2014， 17（4）： 435-444.
26	Lange M， Eisenhauer N M， Eisenhauer N， et al. Plant diversity increases soil microbial activity and soil carbon storage. Nature Communications， 2015， 6： 6707.
27	Ravenek J M， Bessler H， Engels C， et al. Long-term study of root biomass in a biodiversity experiment reveals shifts in diversity effects over time. Oikos， 2014， 123（12）： 1528-1536.
28	Latz E， Eisenhauer N， Scheu S， et al. Plant identity drives the expression of biocontrol factors in a rhizosphere bacterium across a plant diversity gradient. Functional Ecology， 2015， 29（9）： 1225-1234.
29	Van der Krift T A J， Kuikman P J， Moller F， et al. Plant species and nutritional-mediated control over rhizodeposition and root decomposition. Plant and Soil， 2001， 228： 191-200.
30	Soka G E， Ritchie M E. Arbuscular mycorrhizal spore composition and diversity associated with different land uses in a tropical savanna landscape， Tanzania. Applied Soil Ecology， 2018， 125： 222-232.
31	Qin H， Lu K， Strong P J， et al. Long-term fertilizer application effects on the soil， root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and community composition in rotation agriculture. Applied Soil Ecology， 2015， 89（5）： 35-43.
32	Yoshimura Y， Ido A， Iwase K， et al. Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta （Japanese pear） in orchards with variable amounts of soil-available phosphorus. Microbes and Environments， 2013， 28（1）： 105-111.
33	Lugo M A， Anton A M， Cabello M N. Arbuscular mycorrhizas in the Larrea divaricata scrubland of the arid “Chaco”， Central Argentina. Journal of Agricultural Technology， 2005， 1（1）： 163-178.
34	Lugo M A， Ferrero M， Menoyo E， et al. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizospheric bacteria diversity along an altitudinal gradient in south american puna grassland. Microbial Ecology， 2008， 55： 705-713.
35	Jacobson K M. Moisture and substrate stability determine VA-mycorrhizal fungal community distribution and structure in an arid grassland. Journal of Arid Environments， 1997， 35（1）： 59-75.
36	Daniell T J， Husband R， Fitter A H， et al. Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonising arable crops. FEMS Microbial Ecology， 2001， 36（2/3）： 203-209.
37	Van Geel M， Busschaert P， Honnay O， et al. Evaluation of six primer pairs targeting the nuclear rRNA operon for characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal （AMF） communities using 454 pyrosequencing. Journal of Microbiological Methods， 2014， 106： 93-100.
38	Davison J， Moora M， Opik M， et al. Global assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus diversity reveals very low endemism. Science， 2015， 349： 970-973.
39	Li X L， Gai J P， Cai X B， et al. Molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with two co-occurring perennial plant species on a Tibetan altitudinal gradient. Mycorrhiza， 2014， 24（2）： 95-107.
40	Zangaro W， Rostirola L V， Souza P B， et al. Root colonization and spore abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in distinct successional stages from an Atlantic rainforest biome in Southern Brazil. Mycorrhiza， 2013， 23（1）： 221-233.
41	Kölbl A， Steffens M， Wiesmeier M， et al. Grazing changes topography-controlled topsoil properties and their interaction on different spatial scales in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia， P. R. China. Plant and Soil， 2011， 340 （1/2）： 35-58.

处理 Treatment	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Pielou均匀度指数Pielou index	辛普森指数Simpson index	物种数 Species	总盖度 Total coverage (TC，%)	总高度 Total height (TH， cm)	总生物量 Total biomass (TB， g·m^-2)	优势种群重要值Important value
T₀	1.18b	0.51a	0.51a	9.00b	66.50ab	16.19ab	111.74b	0.43
T₁	1.16b	0.54a	0.54a	8.67b	79.00a	9.05b	82.83b	0.37
T₂	1.07b	0.72a	0.55a	4.50b	56.67bc	23.48a	112.89b	0.46
T₃	0.97b	0.62a	0.50a	5.50b	47.67c	7.87b	59.67b	0.14
T₄	2.16a	0.74a	0.82a	18.50a	92.00a	13.07b	195.44a	0.69

处理 Treatment	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	Pielou均匀度指数Pielou index	辛普森指数Simpson index	物种数 Species	总盖度 Total coverage (TC，%)	总高度 Total height (TH， cm)	总生物量 Total biomass (TB， g·m^-2)	优势种群重要值Important value
T₀	1.18b	0.51a	0.51a	9.00b	66.50ab	16.19ab	111.74b	0.43
T₁	1.16b	0.54a	0.54a	8.67b	79.00a	9.05b	82.83b	0.37
T₂	1.07b	0.72a	0.55a	4.50b	56.67bc	23.48a	112.89b	0.46
T₃	0.97b	0.62a	0.50a	5.50b	47.67c	7.87b	59.67b	0.14
T₄	2.16a	0.74a	0.82a	18.50a	92.00a	13.07b	195.44a	0.69

处理 Treatment	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1丰富度指数 Chao1 index	Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou index
T₀	4.93±0.25b	0.94±0.01ab	404.29±94.42c	0.60±0.02a
T₁	2.70±0.64c	0.69±0.16c	363.74±49.65c	0.34±0.08c
T₂	5.19±0.45ab	0.94±0.03ab	568.65±171.44bc	0.60±0.05a
T₃	4.48±1.05b	0.86±0.11ab	972.46±510.74ab	0.48±0.07b
T₄	6.22±0.66a	0.96±0.04a	1383.88±72.92a	0.62±0.07a

处理 Treatment	香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	Chao1丰富度指数 Chao1 index	Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou index
T₀	4.93±0.25b	0.94±0.01ab	404.29±94.42c	0.60±0.02a
T₁	2.70±0.64c	0.69±0.16c	363.74±49.65c	0.34±0.08c
T₂	5.19±0.45ab	0.94±0.03ab	568.65±171.44bc	0.60±0.05a
T₃	4.48±1.05b	0.86±0.11ab	972.46±510.74ab	0.48±0.07b
T₄	6.22±0.66a	0.96±0.04a	1383.88±72.92a	0.62±0.07a

参数 Variable	总盖度 Total coverage	总平均高度Total average height	总生物量 Total biomass	重要值 Important value	香农—维纳指数Shannon-Wiener	Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index	辛普森指数Simpson index	物种数Species
香农-维纳指数Shannon-Wiener index	0.14	0.35	0.56^**	0.46^*	0.43^*	0.24	0.33	0.40^*
辛普森指数Simpson index	-0.07	0.38^*	0.40^*	0.30	0.26	0.18	0.18	0.16
Chao1丰富度指数Chao1 index	0.26	-0.13	0.45^*	0.28	0.48^*	0.18	0.39^*	0.54^**
Pielou均匀度指数Pielou index	0.02	0.46^*	0.49^*	0.42^*	0.33	0.22	0.24	0.25