Coupling relationships between vegetation and soil in different vegetation restoration models in the Loess region of Northern Shaanxi Province

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020458

Abstract

Abstract:

The coupling coordination relationship between vegetation and soil is an important basis for the efficient implementation and sustainable development of the Grain for Green Project. Based on investigations and analyses of vegetation and soil in six different vegetation restoration models （coniferous forest， hardwood forest， coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest ［theropencedrymion］， arbor-shrub forest， shrubwood， and natural grassland） in the Loess region of Northern Shaanxi Province， an evaluation index system of the coupling relationship between vegetation and soil was established. The weight value of each index was determined by an analytic hierarchy process and entropy method， then models for the degree of coupling coordination between vegetation and soil were constructed. It was found that different vegetation restoration models had significantly different effects on soil moisture and nutrient contents. The comprehensive evaluations indicated that the soil environment in theropencedrymion was the best， and that in arbor-shrub forest was the worst. We detected significant differences in vegetation canopy density， biomass， nutrient element contents， and biodiversity indexes among different vegetation restoration models. The comprehensive evaluations showed that the vegetation community in theropencedrymion showed the fastest development， and that in natural grassland showed the slowest development. Soil environmental factors were significantly correlated with vegetation biomass， nutrient elements， and biodiversity. The vegetation-soil coupling coordination index of theropencedrymion， hardwood forest， natural grassland， shrubwood， coniferous forest， and arbor-shrub forest was 0.767， 0.661， 0.655， 0.646， 0.628， and 0.234， respectively. The development of vegetation and soil in theropencedrymion exhibited an intermediate synchronously coordinated type， while that in the arbor-shrub forest exhibited a moderately imbalanced soil-loss type. The vegetation-soil coupling coordination in other vegetation restoration models was at the primary coordination level. The development of vegetation and soil in hardwood forest was of a synchronous type. Vegetation development in natural grassland lagged behind soil development， while soil development lagged behind vegetation development in shrubwood and coniferous forest. Therefore， theropencedrymion should be selected preferentially for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the Loess region of Northern Shaanxi Province， while arbor-shrub forest should be avoided. The level of vegetation and soil management should be enhanced in the Grain for Green Project.

Key words: Northern Shaanxi Province, vegetation, soil, coupling relationship, restoration models

Xue-hua PUYANG, Yue-ling WANG, Zhi-jie ZHAO, Juan HUANG, Yu YANG. Coupling relationships between vegetation and soil in different vegetation restoration models in the Loess region of Northern Shaanxi Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(5): 13-24.

Figures/Tables 10

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植被恢复模式 Vegetation restoration model	植被类型 Vegetation type	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Gradient (°)	坡向 Slope aspect	郁闭度 Canopy density (%)	栽植密度 Planting density (plant·hm^-2)
针叶纯林 Coniferous forest	油松、侧柏 P. tabuliformis, P. orientalis	1405~1447	21~25	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	53~71	1450~2225
阔叶纯林 Hardwood forest	刺槐、山杏、小叶杨 R. pseudoacacia, A. sibirica, P. simonii	1412~1443	16~27	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	57~78	875~1550
针阔混交林 Theropencedrymion	山杏×油松、小叶杨×油松 A. sibirica×P. tabuliformis, P. simonii × P. tabuliformis	1424~1452	15~24	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	61~77	1325~1625
乔灌复层林 Arbor-shrub forest	侧柏+沙棘、山杏+沙棘 P. orientalis+H. rhamnoides, A. sibirica+H. rhamnoides	1406~1430	20~25	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	71~85	3825~4675
灌木林 Shrubwood	沙棘、柠条 H. rhamnoides, C. korshinskii	1409~1455	20~28	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	64~85	6400~9600
天然草地 Natural grassland	-	1404~1438	19~24	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	-	-

植被恢复模式 Vegetation restoration model	植被类型 Vegetation type	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Gradient (°)	坡向 Slope aspect	郁闭度 Canopy density (%)	栽植密度 Planting density (plant·hm^-2)
针叶纯林 Coniferous forest	油松、侧柏 P. tabuliformis, P. orientalis	1405~1447	21~25	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	53~71	1450~2225
阔叶纯林 Hardwood forest	刺槐、山杏、小叶杨 R. pseudoacacia, A. sibirica, P. simonii	1412~1443	16~27	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	57~78	875~1550
针阔混交林 Theropencedrymion	山杏×油松、小叶杨×油松 A. sibirica×P. tabuliformis, P. simonii × P. tabuliformis	1424~1452	15~24	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	61~77	1325~1625
乔灌复层林 Arbor-shrub forest	侧柏+沙棘、山杏+沙棘 P. orientalis+H. rhamnoides, A. sibirica+H. rhamnoides	1406~1430	20~25	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	71~85	3825~4675
灌木林 Shrubwood	沙棘、柠条 H. rhamnoides, C. korshinskii	1409~1455	20~28	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	64~85	6400~9600
天然草地 Natural grassland	-	1404~1438	19~24	半阳坡 Half sunny slope	-	-

目标层 Target layer	准则层 Criteria layer	权重值 Weight value	指标层 Indicator layer		综合权重值 Composite weight value
目标层 Target layer	准则层 Criteria layer	权重值 Weight value	表征指标 Characteristic index	权重值 Weight value	综合权重值 Composite weight value
植被群落 Vegetation community	生长特性 Growth characteristic	0.185	郁闭度 Canopy density	0.584	0.108
	生长特性 Growth characteristic	0.185	生物量 Biomass	0.416	0.077
	养分效应 Nutrient effect	0.334	全氮 Total N	0.374	0.125
			全磷 Total P	0.300	0.100
			全钾 Total K	0.326	0.109
	物种多样性 Biodiversity	0.481	物种丰富度 Species richness	0.224	0.108
			Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index	0.335	0.161
			Pielou指数Pielou index	0.252	0.121
			Simpson指数Simpson index	0.189	0.091
土壤环境 Soil environment	物理性状 Physical characteristic	0.309	容重 Bulk density	0.265	0.082
	物理性状 Physical characteristic	0.309	含水量 Water content	0.735	0.227
	养分水平 Nutrient level	0.691	pH值 pH value	0.103	0.071
			有机质 Organic matter	0.236	0.163
			全氮 Total N	0.178	0.123
			碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzed N	0.127	0.088
			有效磷 Available P	0.175	0.121
			速效钾 Available K	0.181	0.125

目标层 Target layer	准则层 Criteria layer	权重值 Weight value	指标层 Indicator layer		综合权重值 Composite weight value
目标层 Target layer	准则层 Criteria layer	权重值 Weight value	表征指标 Characteristic index	权重值 Weight value	综合权重值 Composite weight value
植被群落 Vegetation community	生长特性 Growth characteristic	0.185	郁闭度 Canopy density	0.584	0.108
	生长特性 Growth characteristic	0.185	生物量 Biomass	0.416	0.077
	养分效应 Nutrient effect	0.334	全氮 Total N	0.374	0.125
			全磷 Total P	0.300	0.100
			全钾 Total K	0.326	0.109
	物种多样性 Biodiversity	0.481	物种丰富度 Species richness	0.224	0.108
			Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index	0.335	0.161
			Pielou指数Pielou index	0.252	0.121
			Simpson指数Simpson index	0.189	0.091
土壤环境 Soil environment	物理性状 Physical characteristic	0.309	容重 Bulk density	0.265	0.082
	物理性状 Physical characteristic	0.309	含水量 Water content	0.735	0.227
	养分水平 Nutrient level	0.691	pH值 pH value	0.103	0.071
			有机质 Organic matter	0.236	0.163
			全氮 Total N	0.178	0.123
			碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzed N	0.127	0.088
			有效磷 Available P	0.175	0.121
			速效钾 Available K	0.181	0.125

耦合协调度 Coupling coordination degree	耦合协调类型 Coupling coordination type	耦合协调等级 Coupling coordination level	P (x)/S (y)	耦合协调特征 Coupling coordination characteristic
0<D≤0.1	失调型 Imbalance type	极度失调 Extreme imbalance	P (x)/S (y)>1.2 0.8≤P (x)/S (y)≤1.2 P (x)/S (y)<0.8	土壤损益型 Soil loss type 共损衰退型 Both loss recession type 植被损益型 Vegetation loss type
0.1<D≤0.2		严重失调 Serious imbalance
0.2<D≤0.3		中度失调 Moderate imbalance
0.3<D≤0.4		轻度失调 Mild imbalance
0.4<D≤0.5		濒临失调 Endangered imbalance
0.5<D≤0.6	协调型 Coordination type	勉强协调 Barely coordination	P (x)/S (y)>1.2 0.8≤P (x)/S (y)≤1.2 P (x)/S (y)<0.8	土壤滞后型 Soil lag type 同步发展型 Synchronous development type 植被滞后型 Vegetation lag type
0.6<D≤0.7		初级协调 Primary coordination
0.7<D≤0.8		中级协调 Intermediate coordination
0.8<D≤0.9		良好协调 Good coordination
0.9<D≤1.0		优质协调 Superior coordination