Relationship between lodging resistance of oats and the basal internode stem characteristics and lignin synthesis

doi:10.11686/cyxb2021416

Abstract

Abstract:

Lodging is one of the important factors affecting yield and quality in oat crops. This research studied the physiological mechanisms of lodging resistance in oats， with a view to guiding future breeding. Mengyan 1 and Bayan 6 oat were included in this study as lodging-resistant varieties， while Dingyan 2 and Qingyin 2 were included as lodging-susceptible varieties. Data were collected on the morphological characteristics of basal elongation and differences in the contents of acid detergent fiber， neutral detergent fiber， cellulose and lignin and activities of key enzymes， for these oat cultivars with different lodging susceptibilities， so as to investigate the relationship between the lodging resistance of oats and the morphological characteristics and lignin content and synthase activity in the second-phase elongation at the base of stem. It was found that the amount of lodging among resistant cultivars was lighter and the lodging rate was lower than that of cultivars. The lengths of the second internode at the stem base of lodging easy cultivars were 34.17% higher than those of lodging resistant cultivars. The internode diameter， stem wall thickness， stem weight， density， diameter， force and stem puncture force values of lodging resistant cultivars at the second internode of the stem base were， respectively， 29.11%， 26.18%， 25.80%， 27.97%， 34.61%， 36.23% and 36.60% higher than those of lodging-susceptible cultivars. The stem lignin and cellulose contents of cultivars resistant to lodging were significantly （P<0.05） higher than those of cultivars susceptible to lodging. Lignin content was significantly （P<0.01） positively correlated with the internode breaking force and puncture strength of the second internode at the stem base （r=0.9862 and r=0.9638， respectively）， and significantly negatively correlated with the observed lodging rate （P<0.05， r=-0.9407）. Lignin synthetase tyrosine ammonialyase， phenylalanine aminotransferase， cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and 4-coumaric acid of CoA ligase in stems of lodging-resistant cultivars showed higher activities， resulting in accumulation of lignin at the internodes of the second elongation at the base of stem， which increased the lignification of cell walls and the mechanical strength of stems， and thus enhanced lodging resistance of the oats.

Key words: oats, lodging resistance, lignin, enzyme activity, stem bending resistance

Ming NAN, Jing LI, Gui-qin ZHAO, Ji-kuan CHAI, Yan-ming LIU. Relationship between lodging resistance of oats and the basal internode stem characteristics and lignin synthesis[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(11): 172-180.

Figures/Tables 5

References 37

1	Ren C Z， Hu Y G， Liu J H. Chinese oat science. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 2013： 1-4 .
	任长忠，胡跃高，刘景辉. 中国燕麦学. 北京：中国农业出版社， 2013： 1-4.
2	Zhang Y， Chen Z F， Zhang X N， et al. Effects of different cutting periods on the yield and quality of spring and autumn oat hay. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2016， 25（11）： 124-135.
	张莹，陈志飞，张晓娜，等. 不同刈割期对春播、秋播燕麦干草产量和品质的影响. 草业学报， 2016， 25（11）： 124-135.
3	Mu P， Zhao G Q， Chai J K. Analysis of the production performance and adaptability of oats in different ecological regions of Gansu Province based on GGE-Biplot. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture， 2015， 23（6）： 705-712.
	慕平，赵桂琴，柴继宽. 基于GGE-Biplot的甘肃省不同生态区燕麦生产性能及适应性分析. 中国生态农业学报， 2015， 23（6）： 705-712.
4	Nan M， Zhao G Q， Li J， et al. Correlation analysis and synthesize evaluation of yield and quality introduced oat varieties in the semi-arid of Northwest. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2018， 26（1）： 126-133.
	南铭，赵桂琴，李晶，等. 西北半干旱区引种燕麦品种产量与品质的关联分析及评价. 草地学报， 2018， 26（1）： 126-133.
5	Liang G L， Liu W H， Zhang Y C， et al．Effect of lodging on the grain filling process and non-structure carbohydrate of oats. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2020， 28（4）： 1024-1033.
	梁国玲，刘文辉，张永超，等. 倒伏发生对燕麦籽粒灌浆进程及非结构性碳水化合物的影响. 草地学报， 2020， 28（4）： 1024-1033.
6	Nan M， Zhao G Q， Li J， et al．Research of lodging-resistance and the stem morphological characteristics of different Avena sativa L. varieties. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2018， 26（6）： 1383-1391.
	南铭，赵桂琴，李晶，等. 不同燕麦品种茎秆形态特征与抗倒伏性的关系. 草地学报， 2018， 26（6）： 1383-1391.
7	Yang Y H， Zhu Z， Zhang Y D， et al. The relationship between lodging resistance and stem morphological traits of different rice varieties （lines）. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences， 2011， 27（2）： 231-235.
	杨艳华，朱镇，张亚东，等. 不同水稻品种（系）抗倒伏能力与茎秆形态性状的关系. 江苏农业学报， 2011， 27（2）： 231-235.
8	Hu H， Li S S， Hua H， et al. The morphological and structural characteristics of main stems of different wheat varieties and their relationship with lodging. Acta Triticeae Sinica， 2017， 37（10）： 1343-1348.
	胡昊，李莎莎，华慧，等. 不同小麦品种主茎茎秆形态结构特征及其与倒伏的关系. 麦类作物学报， 2017， 37（10）： 1343-1348.
9	Chen X G， Shi C Y， Yin Y P， et al. Lignin metabolism of wheat stalk and its relationship with lodging resistance. Acta Agronomica Sinica， 2011， 37： 1616-1622.
	陈晓光，史春余，尹燕枰，等. 小麦茎秆木质素代谢及其与抗倒性的关系. 作物学报， 2011， 37： 1616-1622.
10	Luo M C， Tian C T， Li X J， et al. Overview of the relationship between rice culm morphology and chemical composition and lodging resistance. Northwestern Journal of Botany， 2007， 27： 2346-2353.
	罗茂春，田翠婷，李晓娟，等. 水稻茎秆形态结构特征和化学成分与抗倒伏关系综述. 西北植物学报， 2007， 27： 2346-2353.
11	Ma Y H， Wang Q X. Research progress on the relationship between corn stalk traits and lodging resistance. Crop Journal， 2012（2）： 10-15.
	马延华，王庆祥. 玉米茎秆性状与抗倒伏关系研究进展. 作物杂志， 2012（2）： 10-15.
12	Zou J L， Liu W G， Yuan J. The relationship between lignin synthesis and lodging resistance in the stalks of relay-cropped soybeans at seedling stage. Acta Agronomica Sinica， 2015， 41： 1098-1104.
	邹俊林，刘卫国，袁晋. 套作大豆苗期茎秆木质素合成与抗倒性的关系. 作物学报， 2015， 41： 1098-1104.
13	Wang C， Ruan R W， Yuan X H， et al. The anatomical structure and lignin metabolism of buckwheat stalk and their relationship with lodging resistance. Acta Agronomica Sinica， 2014， 40： 1846-1856.
	汪灿，阮仁武，袁晓辉，等. 荞麦茎秆解剖结构和木质素代谢及其与抗倒性的关系. 作物学报， 2014， 40： 1846-1856.
14	Wang K， Zhao X H， Yao X H， et al. Relationship between culm characteristics and lignin synthesis and lodging resistance of highland barley. Acta Agronomica Sinica， 2019， 45（4）： 621-627.
	王凯，赵小红，姚晓华，等. 茎秆特性和木质素合成与青稞抗倒伏关系. 作物学报， 2019， 45（4）： 621-627.
15	Huang J H， Li W， Qu C M， et al. Expression characteristics of key genes in lignin metabolism pathway in different lodging resistance materials in Brassica napus. Acta Agronomica Sinica， 2013， 39（8）： 1339-1344.
	黄杰恒，李威，曲存民，等. 甘蓝型油菜不同抗倒性材料中木质素代谢途径关键基因表达特点. 作物学报， 2013， 39（8）： 1339-1344.
16	Liu X T， Wang J， Hou X F， et al. Functions and research progress of lignin and its synthetic genes in crop resistance lodging. Molecular Plant Breeding， 2019， 17（2）： 655-662.
	刘欣婷，王娟，侯献飞，等. 木质素及其合成基因在作物抗倒伏中的功能及其研究进展. 分子植物育种， 2019， 17（2）： 655-662.
17	Chi N L. Determination of insoluble carbohydrates in plant fiber. Shanghai： Fudan University， 2012.
	池宁琳. 植物纤维中不溶性碳水化合物的测定. 上海：复旦大学， 2012.
18	Van Soest P J， Robertson J B， Lewis B A. Methods for dietary fiber， neutral detergent fiber， and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science， 1991， 74（10）： 3583-3597.
19	Ren C Z， Yang C. History of Chinese oat varieties. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 2018： 23.
	任长忠，杨才. 中国燕麦品种志. 北京：中国农业出版社， 2018： 23.
20	Li W， Xiong J， Chen X Y. The physiological significance of lignin metabolism and its genetic control research progress. Northwestern Journal of Botany， 2003， 23： 675-681.
	李伟，熊谨，陈晓阳. 木质素代谢的生理意义及其遗传控制研究进展. 西北植物学报， 2003， 23： 675-681.
21	Zhou R， Wang X Z， Chen H F， et al. QTL analysis of lodging and related traits in soybean. Acta Agronomica Sinica， 2009， 35（1）： 57-65.
	周蓉，王贤智，陈海峰，等. 大豆倒伏性及其相关性状的QTL分析. 作物学报， 2009， 35（1）： 57-65.
22	Guan Y A， Li J H， Ren L J， et al. Research on the lodging of cereal crops. Shandong Agricultural Sciences， 1998（5）： 50-54.
	管延安，李建和，任莲菊，等. 禾谷类作物倒伏性的研究. 山东农业科学， 1998（5）： 50-54.
23	Yao J B， Ma H X， Yao G C， et al. Research progress in wheat lodging resistance. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources， 2013， 14（2）： 208-213.
	姚金保，马鸿翔，姚国才，等. 小麦抗倒性研究进展. 植物遗传资源学报， 2013， 14（2）： 208-213.
24	Naked Oats， Grain Production Room， Inner Mongolia Agricultural Research Institute. Preliminary study on morphological characteristics of lodging resistance varieties of naked oats. Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology， 1978（2）： 19-21.
	内蒙古农研所粮作室莜麦专业课题组. 莜麦抗倒伏品种形态特征的初步研究. 内蒙古农业科技， 1978（2）： 19-21.
25	Pinthus M J. Lodging in wheat， barley， and oats： The phe-nomenon， its cause， and preventive measures. Advances in Agronomy， 1973（25）： 209-263.
26	Peng D L. The relationship between wheat lodging and stalk lignin metabolism and its effects on grain yield and starch characteristics. Tai’an： Shandong Agricultural University， 2014： 31-39.
	彭佃亮. 小麦倒伏与茎杆木质素代谢的关系及其对籽粒产量和淀粉特征的影响. 泰安：山东农业大学， 2014： 31-39.
27	Wang C， Hu D， Liu X B， et al. Effects of uniconazole on the lignin metabolism and lodging resistance of culm in common buckwheat （Fagopyrum esculentum M.） . Field Crops Research， 2015， 180： 46-53.
28	Zhao X H， Bai Y X， Wang K， et al. Effects of planting density on lodging resistance and straw feeding characteristics of two highland barley varieties. Acta Agronomica Sinica， 2020， 46（4）： 586-595.
	赵小红，白羿雄，王凯，等. 种植密度对2个青稞品种抗倒伏及秸秆饲用特性的影响. 作物学报， 2020， 46（4）： 586-595.
29	Ahmad I， Kamran M， Ali S， et al. Uniconazole applicanon strategies to improve lignin biosynthesis， lodging resistance and production of maize in semiarid regions. Field Crops Research， 2018， 222： 66-77.
30	Baucher M， Monties B， Van Montagu M， et al. Biosynthesis and genetic engineer in lignin. Critical Review Plant Science， 1998， 17： 125-197.
31	Lu K L， Yin Y P， Wang Z L， et al. Effect of nitrogen application period on lignin synthesis of wheat stalk and its physiological mechanism of lodging resistance. Acta Agronomica Sinica， 2014， 40： 1686-1694.
	卢昆丽，尹燕枰，王振林，等. 施氮期对小麦茎秆木质素合成的影响及其抗倒伏生理机制. 作物学报， 2014， 40： 1686-1694.
32	Ran X Z. Research progress of enzymes in lignin biosynthesis metabolism. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin， 2009， 25（3）： 23-27.
	冉秀芝. 木质素生物合成代谢中酶学研究进展. 中国农学通报， 2009， 25（3）： 23-27.
33	Luo Z S. The effect of GA₃ treatment on the lignification and endogenous hormone levels of postharvest bamboo shoots. Acta Horticulture， 2005， 32： 454-457.
	罗自生. GA₃处理对采后竹笋木质化及内源激素水平的影响. 园艺学报， 2005， 32： 454-457.
34	Mohammadi M， Kazemi H. Changes in peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in susceptible and resistant wheat heads inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and induced resistance. Plant Science， 2002， 162： 491-498.
35	Liu X Y， Jin J Y， He P， et al. The effect of potassium chloride on corn lignin metabolism and its relationship with stalk rot resistance. Chinese Agricultural Sciences， 2007， 40： 2780-2787.
	刘晓燕，金继运，何萍，等. 氯化钾对玉米木质素代谢的影响及其与茎腐病抗性的关系. 中国农业科学， 2007， 40： 2780-2787.
36	Boerjanl W， Ralph J， Baucher M. Lignin biosynthesis. Plant Biology， 2003， 54： 519-546.
37	Shi H Y， Zhang Y X. Molecular characteristics of key enzyme genes in the biosynthetic pathway of lignin. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin， 2011， 27（5）： 288-291.
	石海燕，张玉星. 木质素生物合成途径中关键酶基因的分子特征. 中国农学通报， 2011， 27（5）： 288-291.

指标 Index	蒙燕1号 Mengyan No.1	坝燕6号 Bayan No.6	青引2号 Qingyin No.2	定燕2号 Dingyan No.2
茎长Stem length （cm）	6.68±1.36dD	8.92±1.05cC	10.40±1.53bB	13.30±0.85aA
茎粗Stem diameter （mm）	6.76±0.15abAB	7.08±0.26aA	4.72±0.37cC	5.09±0.49bB
秆壁厚Wall thickness （mm）	1.30±0.12aAB	1.45±0.23aA	0.95±0.23bB	1.08±0.19bB
茎重Stem weight （g）	2.79±0.20abAB	3.14±0.51aA	1.56±0.38bB	2.84±0.22abAB
茎秆密度Stem density （g·cm^-3）	1.94±0.10aA	1.67±0.22aAB	1.21±0.31abB	1.39±0.18abAB
茎秆充实度Stem fullness （g·cm^-1）	0.14±0.02aA	0.12±0.05aAB	0.06±0.01bB	0.11±0.04abAB
抗折力Stem resistance （N）	14.76±1.89aAB	15.13±2.42aA	8.16±1.73cC	10.90±1.29bB
茎秆穿刺强度Stem rind penetration strength （N）	11.62±1.52aA	11.27±2.19aA	6.04±0.68cC	8.47±1.43bB
实际倒伏率Actual lodging rate （%）	0	0	93.70±2.31aA	85.10±3.26bB
倒伏级别Lodging grade	0	0	3	3

指标 Index	蒙燕1号 Mengyan No.1	坝燕6号 Bayan No.6	青引2号 Qingyin No.2	定燕2号 Dingyan No.2
茎长Stem length （cm）	6.68±1.36dD	8.92±1.05cC	10.40±1.53bB	13.30±0.85aA
茎粗Stem diameter （mm）	6.76±0.15abAB	7.08±0.26aA	4.72±0.37cC	5.09±0.49bB
秆壁厚Wall thickness （mm）	1.30±0.12aAB	1.45±0.23aA	0.95±0.23bB	1.08±0.19bB
茎重Stem weight （g）	2.79±0.20abAB	3.14±0.51aA	1.56±0.38bB	2.84±0.22abAB
茎秆密度Stem density （g·cm^-3）	1.94±0.10aA	1.67±0.22aAB	1.21±0.31abB	1.39±0.18abAB
茎秆充实度Stem fullness （g·cm^-1）	0.14±0.02aA	0.12±0.05aAB	0.06±0.01bB	0.11±0.04abAB
抗折力Stem resistance （N）	14.76±1.89aAB	15.13±2.42aA	8.16±1.73cC	10.90±1.29bB
茎秆穿刺强度Stem rind penetration strength （N）	11.62±1.52aA	11.27±2.19aA	6.04±0.68cC	8.47±1.43bB
实际倒伏率Actual lodging rate （%）	0	0	93.70±2.31aA	85.10±3.26bB
倒伏级别Lodging grade	0	0	3	3

指标 Index	木质素含量 Lignin content	茎秆抗折力 Stem breaking resistance	茎秆穿刺强度 Stem rind penetration strength	实际倒伏率 Actual lodging rate
茎长Stem length	-0.5655	-0.8337	-0.6346	0.8114
茎粗Stem width	0.9725**	0.9751**	0.9529**	-0.9920**
秆壁厚Wall thickness	0.9936**	0.9688**	0.9358*	-0.9456*
木质素含量Lignin content	1.0000	0.9862**	0.9638**	-0.9407*
PAL活性PAL activity	0.9216*	0.9661**	0.9872**	-0.8892*
TAL活性TAL activity	0.9160*	0.9440*	0.9740**	-0.8685*
4CL活性4CL activity	0.8863*	0.6748	0.6474	-0.8477
CAD活性CAD activity	0.9044*	0.9522**	0.9728**	-0.6601

指标 Index	木质素含量 Lignin content	茎秆抗折力 Stem breaking resistance	茎秆穿刺强度 Stem rind penetration strength	实际倒伏率 Actual lodging rate
茎长Stem length	-0.5655	-0.8337	-0.6346	0.8114
茎粗Stem width	0.9725**	0.9751**	0.9529**	-0.9920**
秆壁厚Wall thickness	0.9936**	0.9688**	0.9358*	-0.9456*
木质素含量Lignin content	1.0000	0.9862**	0.9638**	-0.9407*
PAL活性PAL activity	0.9216*	0.9661**	0.9872**	-0.8892*
TAL活性TAL activity	0.9160*	0.9440*	0.9740**	-0.8685*
4CL活性4CL activity	0.8863*	0.6748	0.6474	-0.8477
CAD活性CAD activity	0.9044*	0.9522**	0.9728**	-0.6601

[1]	Ying-zi GUO, Wen-qing JIA, Song-lin HE, Zheng WANG. Allelopathic effects of extracts of Sonchus asper on seed germination and seedling growth of three herbaceous flower species [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(9): 96-106.
[2]	Da-liang ZHOU, Wei SHI, Zi-wei JIANG, Zheng-ye WEI, Huan-huan LIANG, Qian-min JIA. Effects of planting density and nitrogen application on leaf enzyme activity and water-nitrogen utilization of silage maize under ridge furrow rainwater harvesting in Loess Plateau [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(8): 126-143.
[3]	Yi-ting JIN, Wen-hui LIU, Kai-qiang LIU, Guo-ling LIANG, Zhi-feng JIA. Effect of water deficit stress on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Avena sativa ‘Qingyan No.1’ over the whole crop growth period [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(6): 112-126.
[4]	Dou-dou LIN, Ze-liang JU, Ji-kuan CHAI, Gui-qin ZHAO. Screening and identification of low temperature tolerant lactic acid bacterial epiphytes from oats on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(5): 103-114.
[5]	Dong-rong HAN, Tuo YAO, Hai-yun LI, Shu-chao HUANG, Yan-shan YANG, Ya-min GAO, Chang-ning LI, Yin-cui ZHANG. Effects of combined application of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the growth of Lolium perenne [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(3): 136-143.
[6]	Xing-yu WANG, Jing CHENG, Sheng GAO, Mo-han LI, Man-xia YANG, Jun-yong GE, Hai-tao ZHOU, Yun-xia LI, Hua-dong ZANG, Wen-bo ZUO. Evaluation of adaptability of naked oat varieties in the alpine region of North China based on the AMMI model and GGE Biplot [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(12): 76-84.
[7]	Wen-ming MA, Chao-wen LIU, Qing-ping ZHOU, Zhuo-ma DENGzeng, Si-hong TANG, Diliyaer·mohetaer, Chen HOU. Effects of shrub encroachment on soil aggregate ecological stoichiometry and enzyme activity in alpine grassland [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(1): 57-68.
[8]	Jun-nian LI, Shao-hua KANG, Dong-mei YANG, Qian HE, Shuang LI, Shuang-lun TAO. Effects of substituting dietary alfalfa meal with kudzu vine （Pueraria lobata） meal on serum biochemical indexes， apparent nutrient digestibility and growth performance in Boer crossbred goats [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 146-153.
[9]	Zhi-peng CHANG, Ying-ying SUN, Jia-yang LI, Chun-mei GONG. Cloning and transformation of the CkCAD gene in Caragana korshinskii and analysis of its drought resistance function [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(3): 68-80.
[10]	Mang-li XIONG, Xu-jin WU, Xiao-fu ZHU, Wen-juan ZHANG. Effects of different apple pomace levels on lactation performance， nutrient apparent digestibility， serum biochemical indices and the rumen pH of Guanzhong dairy goats [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(3): 81-88.
[11]	Ji-qing WANG, Ji-yuan SHEN, Xiu LIU, Shao-bin LI, Yu-zhu LUO, Meng-li ZHAO, Zhi-yun HAO, Na KE, Yi-ze SONG, Li-rong QIAO. Comparative analysis of meat production traits， meat quality， and muscle nutrient and fatty acid contents between Ziwuling black goats and Liaoning cashmere goats [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(2): 166-177.
[12]	Dou-dou LIN, Gui-qin ZHAO, Ze-liang JU, Wen-long GONG. Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance of 15 oat varieties at the seedling stage [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(11): 108-121.
[13]	Qian MA, Qi YAN, Zheng-she ZHANG, Fan WU, Ji-yu ZHANG. Identification， evolution and expression analysis of the CCoAOMT family genes in Medicago sativa [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(11): 144-156.
[14]	Chen WU, Zhi-hao YAO, Wen-qing MEI, Yu-yan FENG, Qu CHEN, Ying-dong NI. Effects of vitamin B complex on intestinal microflora composition and gut epithelial structure in growing goats [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(11): 170-180.
[15]	Fen-sheng CHENG, Long-hui YOU, Jin-lin YU, Hui-chang XU, Hui-ming YOU, Sen NIE, Jian-min LI, Gong-fu YE. Effects of cold-season green manure on soil biochemical properties and the microbial community in a Castanea henryi orchard， China [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(11): 62-75.