Response of the soil arthropod community to nitrogen and phosphorus inputs during the maturity-senescence period of Sophora alopecuroides

doi:10.11686/cyxb2025319

Abstract

Abstract:

This study focused on the soil fauna in Sophora alopecuroides degraded grassland in Yili， Xinjiang. A controlled experiment was conducted in freely grazed grassland where S. alopecuroides was the dominant species， with treatments including nitrogen addition （N）， phosphorus addition （P）， nitrogen and phosphorus addition （NP）， and a control （no nitrogen and phosphorus addition； CK）. The overall aim was to study the responses of soil fauna communities and soil environmental factors and their key driving factors under nutrient addition during the maturity and senescence periods of S. alopecuroides. It was found that： 1） Nitrogen， phosphorus， and nitrogen+phosphorus additions reduced the density and number of groups of soil fauna. During the maturity period， nitrogen， phosphorus， and nitrogen+phosphorus additions decreased the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the species richness index. During the senescence period， nitrogen， phosphorus， and nitrogen+phosphorus additions increased the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the evenness index but decreased the dominance index. Nitrogen， phosphorus， and nitrogen+phosphorus additions significantly reduced the number of predatory fauna individuals （P<0.05）. 2） Soil organic carbon， total phosphorus， ammonium nitrogen content， and soil moisture were higher during the maturity period than during the senescence period across all treatments （N， P， NP， and CK）. 3） During the maturity period， soil moisture and organic carbon were the main environmental factors influencing the soil fauna community structure， while during the senescence period， pH was the main environmental factor. In short， nutrient addition， maturity/senescence period， and environmental factors collectively drive changes in soil fauna diversity and functional groups in S. alopecuroides degraded grassland. The findings of this study provide important insights for understanding and managing degraded grassland ecosystems in Yili.

Key words: soil arthropods, nutrient addition, diversity, Sophora alopecuroides, functional groups

Lu-yao LIU, Dong CUI, Shu-qi LIU, Zhi-cheng JIANG, Yun-hao WU, Ze-zheng LIU, Jun-qi LIU. Response of the soil arthropod community to nitrogen and phosphorus inputs during the maturity-senescence period of Sophora alopecuroides[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(8): 193-206.

Figures/Tables 8

References 48

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类群 Taxa	氮添加N			磷添加P			氮磷添加NP			对照CK
类群 Taxa	n_i	Perc.	A	n_i	Perc.	A	n_i	Perc.	A	n_i	Perc.	A
苦豆子成熟期Maturity stage of S. alopecuroides
胭螨科Rhodacaridae	13	12.62	+++	48	25.53	+++	15	12.00	+++	29	10.90	+++
角绥螨科Antennoseiidae	1	0.97	+	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
下盾螨科Hypoaspidae	4	3.88	++	6	3.19	++	15	12.00	+++	49	18.42	+++
糙尾足螨科Trachyuropodidae	0	0.00		2	1.06	++	0	0.00		17	6.39	++
裂胸螨科Aceosejidae	0	0.00		3	1.60	++	2	1.60	++	0	0.00
派伦螨科Parholaspidae	0	0.00		1	0.53	+	1	0.80	+	1	0.38	+
尾足螨科Uropodidae	0	0.00		22	11.70	+++	1	0.80	+	17	6.39	++
古甲螨科Palaeacaridae	0	0.00		2	1.06	++	1	0.80	+	2	0.75	+
奥甲螨科Oppiidae	56	54.37	+++	60	31.91	+++	59	47.20	+++	91	34.21	+++
广缝甲螨科Cosmochthoniidae	1	0.97	+	3	1.60	++	3	2.40	++	3	1.13	++
长单翼甲螨科Protoribatidae	2	1.94	++	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.38	+
懒甲螨科Nothridae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		3	1.13	++
缝甲螨科Hypochthoniidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.38	+
步甲螨科Carabodidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		2	0.75	+
赤螨科Erythraeidae	2	1.94	++	1	0.53	+	6	4.80	++	5	1.88	++
莓螨科Rhagidiidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		22	8.27	++
球角跳科Hypogastruridae	1	0.97	+	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
棘跳科Onychiuridae	3	2.91	++	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
长角跳科Entomobryidae	1	0.97	+	0	0.00		2	1.60	++	1	0.38	+
等节跳科Isotomidae	0	0.00		2	1.06	++	0	0.00		4	1.50	++
叶蝉科Cicadellidae	3	2.91	++	1	0.53	+	3	2.40	++	0	0.00
蚜总科Aphididae	0	0.00		2	1.06	++	0	0.00		1	0.38	+
蝉总科Cicadoidea	0	0.00		1	0.53	+	0	0.00		1	0.38	+
蓟马科Thripidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.80	+	0	0.00
隐翅虫科Staphylinidae	2	1.94	++	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
步甲科Carabidae	0	0.00		1	0.53	+	0	0.00		0	0.00
象甲科Curculionidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.80	+	0	0.00
毛蚊科Bibionidae	1	0.97	+	2	1.06	++	0	0.00		1	0.38	+
蚊科Culicidae	1	0.97	+	4	2.13	++	3	2.40	++	1	0.38	+
瘿蚊科Cecidomyiidae	2	1.94	++	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
蚁科Formicidae	5	4.85	++	15	7.98	++	11	8.80	++	2	0.75	+
小蜂总科Chalcidoidea	0	0.00		4	2.13	++	0	0.00		1	0.38	+
鞘翅目幼虫Coleoptera larvae	5	4.85	++	8	4.26	++	1	0.80	+	11	4.14	++
苦豆子凋落期Senescence stage of S. alopecuroides
蜘蛛目Araneida	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
胭螨科Rhodacaridae	6	5.56	++	5	3.31	++	9	7.83	++	15	7.21	++
下盾螨科Hypoaspidae	11	10.19	+++	17	11.26	+++	13	11.30	+++	29	13.94	+++
糙尾足螨科Trachyuropodidae	8	7.41	++	3	1.99	++	4	3.48	++	4	1.92	++
尾足螨科Uropodidae	0	0.00		1	0.66	+	7	6.09	++	6	2.88	++
裂胸螨科Aceosejidae	6	5.56	++	4	2.65	++	1	0.87	+	3	1.44	++
派伦螨科Parholaspidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.87	+	0	0.00
寄螨科Parasitidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
孔洞螨科Trematuridae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
古甲螨科Palaeacaridae	5	4.63	++	2	1.32	++	4	3.48	++	2	0.96	+
礼服甲螨科Trhypochthoniidae	1	0.93	+	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
奥甲螨科Oppiidae	21	19.44	+++	38	25.17	+++	28	24.35	+++	88	42.31	+++
广缝甲螨科Cosmochthoniidae	2	1.85	++	0	0.00		4	3.48	++	4	1.92	++
长单翼甲螨科Protoribates	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae	1	0.93	+	8	5.30	++	3	2.61	++	8	3.85	++
珠甲螨科Damaeidae	2	1.85	++	2	1.32	++	2	1.74	++	0	0.00
步甲螨科Carabodidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
大翼甲螨科Galumnidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		3	1.44	++
耳头甲螨科Otocepheidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
赤螨科Erythraeidae	0	0.00		2	1.32	++	1	0.87	+	1	0.48	+
莓螨科Rhagidiidae	6	5.56	++	16	10.60	+++	14	12.17	+++	17	8.17	++
吸螨科Bdellidae	0	0.00		2	1.32	++	2	1.74	++	0	0.00
粉螨科Acaridae	2	1.85	++	29	19.21	+++	1	0.87	+	0	0.00
绒螨科Trombidiidae	1	0.93	+	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
球角跳科Hypogastruridae	2	1.85	++	0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
棘跳科Onychiuridae	2	1.85	++	0	0.00		3	2.61	++	0	0.00
长角跳科Entomobryidae	5	4.63	++	5	3.31	++	3	2.61	++	10	4.81	++
等节跳科Isotomidae	1	0.93	+	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
疣跳科Neanuridae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
粉蚧科Pseudococcidae	0	0.00		1	0.66	+	0	0.00		0	0.00
象甲科Curculionidae	0	0.00		1	0.66	+	3	2.61	++	2	0.96	+
网蚊科Blephariceridae	0	0.00		1	0.66	+	0	0.00		0	0.00
蚁科Formicidae	23	21.30	+++	7	4.64	++	5	4.35	++	1	0.48	+
啮虫科Psocidae	1	0.93	+	0	0.00		1	0.87	+	0	0.00
地蜈蚣科Geophilidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
鞘翅目幼虫Coleoptera larvae	2	1.85	++	3	1.99	++	5	4.35	++	5	2.40	++
双翅目幼虫Diptera larvae	0	0.00		3	1.99	++	1	0.87	+	1	0.48	+
鳞翅目幼虫Lepidoptera larvae	0	0.00		1	0.66	+	0	0.00		0	0.00

类群 Taxa	氮添加N			磷添加P			氮磷添加NP			对照CK
类群 Taxa	n_i	Perc.	A	n_i	Perc.	A	n_i	Perc.	A	n_i	Perc.	A
苦豆子成熟期Maturity stage of S. alopecuroides
胭螨科Rhodacaridae	13	12.62	+++	48	25.53	+++	15	12.00	+++	29	10.90	+++
角绥螨科Antennoseiidae	1	0.97	+	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
下盾螨科Hypoaspidae	4	3.88	++	6	3.19	++	15	12.00	+++	49	18.42	+++
糙尾足螨科Trachyuropodidae	0	0.00		2	1.06	++	0	0.00		17	6.39	++
裂胸螨科Aceosejidae	0	0.00		3	1.60	++	2	1.60	++	0	0.00
派伦螨科Parholaspidae	0	0.00		1	0.53	+	1	0.80	+	1	0.38	+
尾足螨科Uropodidae	0	0.00		22	11.70	+++	1	0.80	+	17	6.39	++
古甲螨科Palaeacaridae	0	0.00		2	1.06	++	1	0.80	+	2	0.75	+
奥甲螨科Oppiidae	56	54.37	+++	60	31.91	+++	59	47.20	+++	91	34.21	+++
广缝甲螨科Cosmochthoniidae	1	0.97	+	3	1.60	++	3	2.40	++	3	1.13	++
长单翼甲螨科Protoribatidae	2	1.94	++	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.38	+
懒甲螨科Nothridae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		3	1.13	++
缝甲螨科Hypochthoniidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.38	+
步甲螨科Carabodidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		2	0.75	+
赤螨科Erythraeidae	2	1.94	++	1	0.53	+	6	4.80	++	5	1.88	++
莓螨科Rhagidiidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		22	8.27	++
球角跳科Hypogastruridae	1	0.97	+	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
棘跳科Onychiuridae	3	2.91	++	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
长角跳科Entomobryidae	1	0.97	+	0	0.00		2	1.60	++	1	0.38	+
等节跳科Isotomidae	0	0.00		2	1.06	++	0	0.00		4	1.50	++
叶蝉科Cicadellidae	3	2.91	++	1	0.53	+	3	2.40	++	0	0.00
蚜总科Aphididae	0	0.00		2	1.06	++	0	0.00		1	0.38	+
蝉总科Cicadoidea	0	0.00		1	0.53	+	0	0.00		1	0.38	+
蓟马科Thripidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.80	+	0	0.00
隐翅虫科Staphylinidae	2	1.94	++	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
步甲科Carabidae	0	0.00		1	0.53	+	0	0.00		0	0.00
象甲科Curculionidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.80	+	0	0.00
毛蚊科Bibionidae	1	0.97	+	2	1.06	++	0	0.00		1	0.38	+
蚊科Culicidae	1	0.97	+	4	2.13	++	3	2.40	++	1	0.38	+
瘿蚊科Cecidomyiidae	2	1.94	++	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
蚁科Formicidae	5	4.85	++	15	7.98	++	11	8.80	++	2	0.75	+
小蜂总科Chalcidoidea	0	0.00		4	2.13	++	0	0.00		1	0.38	+
鞘翅目幼虫Coleoptera larvae	5	4.85	++	8	4.26	++	1	0.80	+	11	4.14	++
苦豆子凋落期Senescence stage of S. alopecuroides
蜘蛛目Araneida	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
胭螨科Rhodacaridae	6	5.56	++	5	3.31	++	9	7.83	++	15	7.21	++
下盾螨科Hypoaspidae	11	10.19	+++	17	11.26	+++	13	11.30	+++	29	13.94	+++
糙尾足螨科Trachyuropodidae	8	7.41	++	3	1.99	++	4	3.48	++	4	1.92	++
尾足螨科Uropodidae	0	0.00		1	0.66	+	7	6.09	++	6	2.88	++
裂胸螨科Aceosejidae	6	5.56	++	4	2.65	++	1	0.87	+	3	1.44	++
派伦螨科Parholaspidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.87	+	0	0.00
寄螨科Parasitidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
孔洞螨科Trematuridae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
古甲螨科Palaeacaridae	5	4.63	++	2	1.32	++	4	3.48	++	2	0.96	+
礼服甲螨科Trhypochthoniidae	1	0.93	+	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
奥甲螨科Oppiidae	21	19.44	+++	38	25.17	+++	28	24.35	+++	88	42.31	+++
广缝甲螨科Cosmochthoniidae	2	1.85	++	0	0.00		4	3.48	++	4	1.92	++
长单翼甲螨科Protoribates	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae	1	0.93	+	8	5.30	++	3	2.61	++	8	3.85	++
珠甲螨科Damaeidae	2	1.85	++	2	1.32	++	2	1.74	++	0	0.00
步甲螨科Carabodidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
大翼甲螨科Galumnidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		3	1.44	++
耳头甲螨科Otocepheidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
赤螨科Erythraeidae	0	0.00		2	1.32	++	1	0.87	+	1	0.48	+
莓螨科Rhagidiidae	6	5.56	++	16	10.60	+++	14	12.17	+++	17	8.17	++
吸螨科Bdellidae	0	0.00		2	1.32	++	2	1.74	++	0	0.00
粉螨科Acaridae	2	1.85	++	29	19.21	+++	1	0.87	+	0	0.00
绒螨科Trombidiidae	1	0.93	+	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
球角跳科Hypogastruridae	2	1.85	++	0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
棘跳科Onychiuridae	2	1.85	++	0	0.00		3	2.61	++	0	0.00
长角跳科Entomobryidae	5	4.63	++	5	3.31	++	3	2.61	++	10	4.81	++
等节跳科Isotomidae	1	0.93	+	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00
疣跳科Neanuridae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
粉蚧科Pseudococcidae	0	0.00		1	0.66	+	0	0.00		0	0.00
象甲科Curculionidae	0	0.00		1	0.66	+	3	2.61	++	2	0.96	+
网蚊科Blephariceridae	0	0.00		1	0.66	+	0	0.00		0	0.00
蚁科Formicidae	23	21.30	+++	7	4.64	++	5	4.35	++	1	0.48	+
啮虫科Psocidae	1	0.93	+	0	0.00		1	0.87	+	0	0.00
地蜈蚣科Geophilidae	0	0.00		0	0.00		0	0.00		1	0.48	+
鞘翅目幼虫Coleoptera larvae	2	1.85	++	3	1.99	++	5	4.35	++	5	2.40	++
双翅目幼虫Diptera larvae	0	0.00		3	1.99	++	1	0.87	+	1	0.48	+
鳞翅目幼虫Lepidoptera larvae	0	0.00		1	0.66	+	0	0.00		0	0.00