Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 12-25.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024421
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Ze-yu XIANG1(
), Zhong-bing TANG1, Xin-heng PENG2, Xiao-long YANG3, Chuang-ming YANG4, Xiang-dong QIU5, Chun-fa CHEN1, Yan-song PENG1, Sai-xia ZHOU1(
)
Received:2024-10-24
Revised:2024-12-05
Online:2025-09-20
Published:2025-07-02
Contact:
Sai-xia ZHOU
Ze-yu XIANG, Zhong-bing TANG, Xin-heng PENG, Xiao-long YANG, Chuang-ming YANG, Xiang-dong QIU, Chun-fa CHEN, Yan-song PENG, Sai-xia ZHOU. Plant community characteristics and niches in mountain meadows of Wugong Mountain[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(9): 12-25.
海拔 Elevation (m) | 优势物种 Dominant species | 植被盖度Vegetation coverage (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1380 | 野古草A. hirta,大叶胡枝子Lespedeza davidii,奇蒿Artemisia anomala | 85 | |
| 1402 | 野古草A. hirta,蕨Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum,三叶委陵菜Potentilla freyniana | 85 | |
| 1404 | 野古草A. hirta,野菊Chrysanthemum indicum,条穗薹草Carex nemostachys | 99 | |
| 1473 | 野古草A. hirta,剑叶耳草Hedyotis caudatifolia,蕨P. aquilinum var. latiusculum | 90 | |
| 1524 | 野古草A. hirta,野菊C. indicum,双蝴蝶Tripterospermum chinense | 99 | |
| 1531 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 98 | |
| 1557 | 黑鳞珍珠茅Scleria hookeriana,野古草A. hirta,大叶胡枝子L. davidii | 95 | |
| 1568 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,蕨P. aquilinum var. latiusculum | 90 | |
| 1576 | 芒M. sinensis,灯芯草Juncus effusus,野古草A. hirta | 95 | |
| 1578 | 野古草A. hirta,戟叶堇菜Viola betonicifolia,三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 95 | |
| 1584 | 台湾剪股颖Agrostis sozanensis,签草Carex doniana,野古草A. hirta | 75 | |
| 1586 | 野古草A. hirta,条穗薹草C. nemostachys,半边月Weigela japonica var. sinica | 100 | |
| 1593 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis | 98 | |
| 1595 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,签草C. doniana | 94 | |
| 1602 | 芒M. sinensis,光脚金星蕨Parathelypteris japonica,野古草A. hirta | 98 | |
| 1696 | 野古草A. hirta,狭穗薹草Carex ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis | 97 | |
| 1704 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1705 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 98 | |
| 1719 | 野古草A. hirta,细叶卷柏Selaginella labordei,剪股颖Agrostis clavata | 92 | |
| 1725 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis,芒M. sinensis | 95 | |
| 1799 | 野古草A. hirta,芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | 94 | |
| 1800 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 97 | |
| 1804 | 野古草A. hirta,条穗薹草C. nemostachys,剪股颖A. clavata | 97 | |
| 1811 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis,剪股颖A. clavata | 99 | |
| 1859 | 野古草A. hirta,蕨状薹草Carex filicina,羽叶蓼Persicaria runcinata | 97 | |
| 1875 | 剪股颖A. clavata,芒M. sinensis,黄山蟹甲草Parasenecio hwangshanicus | 99 | |
| 1905 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1909 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1917 | 剪股颖A. clavata,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis | 93 | |
| 1918 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | 95 |
Table 1 Basic information of main species in meadow quadrats
海拔 Elevation (m) | 优势物种 Dominant species | 植被盖度Vegetation coverage (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1380 | 野古草A. hirta,大叶胡枝子Lespedeza davidii,奇蒿Artemisia anomala | 85 | |
| 1402 | 野古草A. hirta,蕨Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum,三叶委陵菜Potentilla freyniana | 85 | |
| 1404 | 野古草A. hirta,野菊Chrysanthemum indicum,条穗薹草Carex nemostachys | 99 | |
| 1473 | 野古草A. hirta,剑叶耳草Hedyotis caudatifolia,蕨P. aquilinum var. latiusculum | 90 | |
| 1524 | 野古草A. hirta,野菊C. indicum,双蝴蝶Tripterospermum chinense | 99 | |
| 1531 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 98 | |
| 1557 | 黑鳞珍珠茅Scleria hookeriana,野古草A. hirta,大叶胡枝子L. davidii | 95 | |
| 1568 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,蕨P. aquilinum var. latiusculum | 90 | |
| 1576 | 芒M. sinensis,灯芯草Juncus effusus,野古草A. hirta | 95 | |
| 1578 | 野古草A. hirta,戟叶堇菜Viola betonicifolia,三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 95 | |
| 1584 | 台湾剪股颖Agrostis sozanensis,签草Carex doniana,野古草A. hirta | 75 | |
| 1586 | 野古草A. hirta,条穗薹草C. nemostachys,半边月Weigela japonica var. sinica | 100 | |
| 1593 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis | 98 | |
| 1595 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,签草C. doniana | 94 | |
| 1602 | 芒M. sinensis,光脚金星蕨Parathelypteris japonica,野古草A. hirta | 98 | |
| 1696 | 野古草A. hirta,狭穗薹草Carex ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis | 97 | |
| 1704 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1705 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 98 | |
| 1719 | 野古草A. hirta,细叶卷柏Selaginella labordei,剪股颖Agrostis clavata | 92 | |
| 1725 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis,芒M. sinensis | 95 | |
| 1799 | 野古草A. hirta,芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | 94 | |
| 1800 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 97 | |
| 1804 | 野古草A. hirta,条穗薹草C. nemostachys,剪股颖A. clavata | 97 | |
| 1811 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis,剪股颖A. clavata | 99 | |
| 1859 | 野古草A. hirta,蕨状薹草Carex filicina,羽叶蓼Persicaria runcinata | 97 | |
| 1875 | 剪股颖A. clavata,芒M. sinensis,黄山蟹甲草Parasenecio hwangshanicus | 99 | |
| 1905 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1909 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1917 | 剪股颖A. clavata,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis | 93 | |
| 1918 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | 95 |
| 指标Index | E1 | E2 | E3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 群落高度Community height (cm) | 0.38±0.08a | 0.36±0.09a | 0.34±0.11a |
| 群落盖度Community coverage (%) | 93.10±5.32a | 94.60±7.31a | 96.90±2.23a |
| 物种丰富度Species richness | 12.40±2.72a | 15.00±5.08a | 15.80±5.31a |
| Margalef 指数Margalef index (Ma) | 2.43±0.44a | 2.69±0.85a | 2.73±0.88a |
| Simpson 指数Simpson index (D) | 0.86±0.04b | 0.89±0.05ab | 0.91±0.02a |
| Shannon-Wiener 指数Shannon-Wiener index (H) | 1.92±0.20b | 2.12±0.40ab | 2.25±0.33a |
| Pielou 指数Pielou index (E) | 0.77±0.03b | 0.79±0.06ab | 0.83±0.03a |
| β多样性β diversity (βsor) | 0.63±0.05a | 0.61±0.09a | 0.57±0.09a |
| 物种周转Species turnover (βsim) | 0.58±0.06a | 0.52±0.10ab | 0.46±0.11b |
| 物种嵌套Species nesting (βsne) | 0.05±0.01b | 0.09±0.02a | 0.11±0.05a |
| 地上生物量Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 323.60±188.79a | 355.57±83.29a | 383.36±99.24a |
Table 2 Plant community structure of Wugong mountain meadow
| 指标Index | E1 | E2 | E3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 群落高度Community height (cm) | 0.38±0.08a | 0.36±0.09a | 0.34±0.11a |
| 群落盖度Community coverage (%) | 93.10±5.32a | 94.60±7.31a | 96.90±2.23a |
| 物种丰富度Species richness | 12.40±2.72a | 15.00±5.08a | 15.80±5.31a |
| Margalef 指数Margalef index (Ma) | 2.43±0.44a | 2.69±0.85a | 2.73±0.88a |
| Simpson 指数Simpson index (D) | 0.86±0.04b | 0.89±0.05ab | 0.91±0.02a |
| Shannon-Wiener 指数Shannon-Wiener index (H) | 1.92±0.20b | 2.12±0.40ab | 2.25±0.33a |
| Pielou 指数Pielou index (E) | 0.77±0.03b | 0.79±0.06ab | 0.83±0.03a |
| β多样性β diversity (βsor) | 0.63±0.05a | 0.61±0.09a | 0.57±0.09a |
| 物种周转Species turnover (βsim) | 0.58±0.06a | 0.52±0.10ab | 0.46±0.11b |
| 物种嵌套Species nesting (βsne) | 0.05±0.01b | 0.09±0.02a | 0.11±0.05a |
| 地上生物量Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 323.60±188.79a | 355.57±83.29a | 383.36±99.24a |
物种 Species | 生态属性Ecological attributes (ΔOik ) | 生态响应速率Ecological response rate (ER) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | E2 | E3 | E1 | E2 | E3 | |
| 芒M. sinensis | 3.04 | 3.74 | 2.81 | 0.339 | 0.555 | 0.722 |
| 野古草A. hirta | 2.08 | 4.87 | 5.11 | 1.077 | 0.438 | 0.422 |
| 华北剪股颖A. clavata | - | 7.84 | 4.14 | - | 0.170 | 0.471 |
| 台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis | - | 3.14 | 1.57 | - | 0.416 | 0.434 |
| 求米草O. undulatifolius | - | 10.39 | 6.68 | - | 0.098 | 0.153 |
| 条穗薹草C. nemostachys | 8.55 | -0.03 | -0.23 | 0.069 | -4.472 | -0.829 |
| 签草C. doniana | -2.23 | 2.25 | - | -0.030 | 0.584 | - |
| 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | - | 7.61 | 4.19 | - | 0.205 | 0.461 |
| 牡蒿A. japonica | 6.82 | 7.12 | - | 0.099 | 0.150 | - |
| 珠光香青A. margaritacea | - | - | 5.98 | - | - | 0.263 |
| 香青A. sinica | - | 9.44 | 5.22 | - | 0.073 | 0.259 |
| 三脉紫菀A. ageratoides | 4.51 | -5.51 | -9.43 | 0.140 | -0.007 | -0.004 |
| 异叶黄鹌菜Y. heterophylla | 3.28 | 4.54 | 9.53 | 0.422 | 0.424 | 0.073 |
| 一枝黄花S. decurrens | 2.13 | 5.08 | 6.24 | 0.324 | 0.310 | 0.280 |
| 林荫千里光S. nemorensis | - | 7.32 | 0.12 | - | 0.094 | 5.712 |
| 九华蒲儿根S. jiuhuashanicus | 1.22 | -13.35 | 0.13 | 0.537 | -0.002 | 4.683 |
| 小蓬草E. canadensis | -3.57 | -1.54 | 14.01 | -0.013 | -0.065 | 0.047 |
| 鬼针草B. pilosa | - | -8.42 | 7.52 | - | -0.005 | 0.210 |
| 野菊C. indicum | 3.59 | 10.72 | - | 0.437 | 0.064 | - |
| 三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 2.65 | 6.21 | 5.79 | 0.762 | 0.278 | 0.301 |
| 尼泊尔蓼P. nepalensis | 1.74 | -5.22 | - | 0.338 | -0.011 | - |
| 戟叶堇菜V. betonicifolia | 2.72 | 2.74 | -12.94 | 0.205 | 0.242 | -0.002 |
| 紫花堇菜V. grypoceras | 1.00 | -3.15 | -8.83 | 0.680 | -0.017 | -0.004 |
| 福建堇菜V. kosanensis | - | 4.48 | 4.42 | - | 0.241 | 0.219 |
| 大叶胡枝子L. davidii | 3.40 | - | - | 0.512 | - | - |
| 腺茎柳叶菜E. brevifolium | - | 7.11 | -13.97 | - | 0.097 | -0.002 |
| 武当菝葜S. outanscianensis | 1.72 | -0.48 | - | 0.637 | -0.179 | - |
| 前胡P. praeruptorum | 4.72 | 5.52 | 2.26 | 0.136 | 0.282 | 0.737 |
| 剑叶耳草H. caudatifolia | 0.89 | - | - | 1.430 | - | - |
| 双蝴蝶T. chinense | 1.59 | 6.75 | - | 0.623 | 0.160 | - |
| 轮叶沙参A. tetraphylla | -2.22 | 5.64 | 7.50 | -0.031 | 0.315 | 0.209 |
| 杜鹃R. simsii | 2.99 | -1.73 | - | 0.356 | -0.057 | - |
| 羽毛地杨梅L. plumosa | - | - | 9.44 | - | - | 0.135 |
| 灯芯草J. effusus | -0.13 | - | 3.16 | -1.373 | - | 0.348 |
| 平车前P. depressa | 2.63 | -17.69 | -16.78 | 0.206 | -0.001 | -0.001 |
| 牯岭藜芦V. schindleri | - | 4.90 | 3.81 | - | 0.277 | 0.504 |
| 髭脉桤叶树C. barbinervis | 0.80 | - | - | 1.355 | - | - |
| 小连翘H. erectum | 3.57 | 5.57 | 3.96 | 0.496 | 0.341 | 0.541 |
| 狼尾花L. barystachys | 2.48 | 4.31 | 5.89 | 0.866 | 0.501 | 0.325 |
| 油点草T. macropoda | - | 6.28 | 5.51 | - | 0.174 | 0.242 |
| 小二仙草G. micranthus | -2.69 | 5.09 | - | -0.022 | 0.212 | - |
| 中国繁缕S. chinensis | -2.50 | -9.86 | -12.33 | -0.025 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
| 蕨P. aquilinum | 0.85 | -1.31 | -1.66 | 1.835 | -0.090 | -0.062 |
| 日本安蕨A. niponicum | -9.52 | -10.01 | 2.46 | -0.004 | -0.003 | 0.269 |
| 细叶卷柏S. labordei | - | 6.51 | 8.07 | - | 0.164 | 0.136 |
Table 3 Ecological attributes (ΔOik ) and ecological response rate (ER) of main species in Wugong Mountain meadow
物种 Species | 生态属性Ecological attributes (ΔOik ) | 生态响应速率Ecological response rate (ER) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | E2 | E3 | E1 | E2 | E3 | |
| 芒M. sinensis | 3.04 | 3.74 | 2.81 | 0.339 | 0.555 | 0.722 |
| 野古草A. hirta | 2.08 | 4.87 | 5.11 | 1.077 | 0.438 | 0.422 |
| 华北剪股颖A. clavata | - | 7.84 | 4.14 | - | 0.170 | 0.471 |
| 台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis | - | 3.14 | 1.57 | - | 0.416 | 0.434 |
| 求米草O. undulatifolius | - | 10.39 | 6.68 | - | 0.098 | 0.153 |
| 条穗薹草C. nemostachys | 8.55 | -0.03 | -0.23 | 0.069 | -4.472 | -0.829 |
| 签草C. doniana | -2.23 | 2.25 | - | -0.030 | 0.584 | - |
| 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | - | 7.61 | 4.19 | - | 0.205 | 0.461 |
| 牡蒿A. japonica | 6.82 | 7.12 | - | 0.099 | 0.150 | - |
| 珠光香青A. margaritacea | - | - | 5.98 | - | - | 0.263 |
| 香青A. sinica | - | 9.44 | 5.22 | - | 0.073 | 0.259 |
| 三脉紫菀A. ageratoides | 4.51 | -5.51 | -9.43 | 0.140 | -0.007 | -0.004 |
| 异叶黄鹌菜Y. heterophylla | 3.28 | 4.54 | 9.53 | 0.422 | 0.424 | 0.073 |
| 一枝黄花S. decurrens | 2.13 | 5.08 | 6.24 | 0.324 | 0.310 | 0.280 |
| 林荫千里光S. nemorensis | - | 7.32 | 0.12 | - | 0.094 | 5.712 |
| 九华蒲儿根S. jiuhuashanicus | 1.22 | -13.35 | 0.13 | 0.537 | -0.002 | 4.683 |
| 小蓬草E. canadensis | -3.57 | -1.54 | 14.01 | -0.013 | -0.065 | 0.047 |
| 鬼针草B. pilosa | - | -8.42 | 7.52 | - | -0.005 | 0.210 |
| 野菊C. indicum | 3.59 | 10.72 | - | 0.437 | 0.064 | - |
| 三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 2.65 | 6.21 | 5.79 | 0.762 | 0.278 | 0.301 |
| 尼泊尔蓼P. nepalensis | 1.74 | -5.22 | - | 0.338 | -0.011 | - |
| 戟叶堇菜V. betonicifolia | 2.72 | 2.74 | -12.94 | 0.205 | 0.242 | -0.002 |
| 紫花堇菜V. grypoceras | 1.00 | -3.15 | -8.83 | 0.680 | -0.017 | -0.004 |
| 福建堇菜V. kosanensis | - | 4.48 | 4.42 | - | 0.241 | 0.219 |
| 大叶胡枝子L. davidii | 3.40 | - | - | 0.512 | - | - |
| 腺茎柳叶菜E. brevifolium | - | 7.11 | -13.97 | - | 0.097 | -0.002 |
| 武当菝葜S. outanscianensis | 1.72 | -0.48 | - | 0.637 | -0.179 | - |
| 前胡P. praeruptorum | 4.72 | 5.52 | 2.26 | 0.136 | 0.282 | 0.737 |
| 剑叶耳草H. caudatifolia | 0.89 | - | - | 1.430 | - | - |
| 双蝴蝶T. chinense | 1.59 | 6.75 | - | 0.623 | 0.160 | - |
| 轮叶沙参A. tetraphylla | -2.22 | 5.64 | 7.50 | -0.031 | 0.315 | 0.209 |
| 杜鹃R. simsii | 2.99 | -1.73 | - | 0.356 | -0.057 | - |
| 羽毛地杨梅L. plumosa | - | - | 9.44 | - | - | 0.135 |
| 灯芯草J. effusus | -0.13 | - | 3.16 | -1.373 | - | 0.348 |
| 平车前P. depressa | 2.63 | -17.69 | -16.78 | 0.206 | -0.001 | -0.001 |
| 牯岭藜芦V. schindleri | - | 4.90 | 3.81 | - | 0.277 | 0.504 |
| 髭脉桤叶树C. barbinervis | 0.80 | - | - | 1.355 | - | - |
| 小连翘H. erectum | 3.57 | 5.57 | 3.96 | 0.496 | 0.341 | 0.541 |
| 狼尾花L. barystachys | 2.48 | 4.31 | 5.89 | 0.866 | 0.501 | 0.325 |
| 油点草T. macropoda | - | 6.28 | 5.51 | - | 0.174 | 0.242 |
| 小二仙草G. micranthus | -2.69 | 5.09 | - | -0.022 | 0.212 | - |
| 中国繁缕S. chinensis | -2.50 | -9.86 | -12.33 | -0.025 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
| 蕨P. aquilinum | 0.85 | -1.31 | -1.66 | 1.835 | -0.090 | -0.062 |
| 日本安蕨A. niponicum | -9.52 | -10.01 | 2.46 | -0.004 | -0.003 | 0.269 |
| 细叶卷柏S. labordei | - | 6.51 | 8.07 | - | 0.164 | 0.136 |
| 指标Index | E1 | E2 | E3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 物种数Species numbers | 52 | 57 | 54 |
| 种对数Species pairs numbers | 2652 | 3192 | 2862 |
| 生态位重叠>0.6的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.6 | 455 | 593 | 610 |
| 生态位重叠>0.7的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.7 | 411 | 516 | 536 |
| 生态位重叠>0.8的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.8 | 371 | 471 | 481 |
| 生态位重叠>0.9的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.9 | 331 | 434 | 432 |
| 生态位重叠>1.0的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >1.0 | 304 | 410 | 393 |
| 生态位重叠总和Sum of niche overlap | 4715.47 | 9819.53 | 9403.00 |
Table 4 Results of niche overlap competition among plant species in Wugong Mountain meadow
| 指标Index | E1 | E2 | E3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 物种数Species numbers | 52 | 57 | 54 |
| 种对数Species pairs numbers | 2652 | 3192 | 2862 |
| 生态位重叠>0.6的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.6 | 455 | 593 | 610 |
| 生态位重叠>0.7的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.7 | 411 | 516 | 536 |
| 生态位重叠>0.8的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.8 | 371 | 471 | 481 |
| 生态位重叠>0.9的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.9 | 331 | 434 | 432 |
| 生态位重叠>1.0的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >1.0 | 304 | 410 | 393 |
| 生态位重叠总和Sum of niche overlap | 4715.47 | 9819.53 | 9403.00 |
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