Effects of Ligularia virgaurea on plant and soil nutrient levels and soil microbial biomass characteristics in degraded alpine grassland

doi:10.11686/cyxb2021467

Abstract

Abstract:

Ligularia virgaurea is considered to be an important indicator species of vegetation degradation in alpine meadows. A study of grassland ecosystem vegetation， soil and microbial nutrient cycling would make a significant contribution to understanding its invasion mechanism. An area with L. virgaurea invasion was studied. Chemical agents were used to remove the competitive advantage of L. virgaurea， and the subsequent changes in the nutrient levels of vegetation functional groups， soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass were measured and analyzed. We found that the carbon （C） content of Cyperaceae in the study area was increased. The nitrogen contents of Poaceae and Fabaceae and the phosphorus （P） content of Fabaceae were significantly increased， while the P content of Cyperaceae was significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and C content in L. virgaurea was significantly higher than that in other functional groups （P<0.05）. Across functional groups， the C∶N was significantly higher in Cyperaceae than in Fabaceae and forbs （P<0.05）， and C∶P of Cyperaceae was significantly higher than that of other functional groups （P<0.05）. Stoichiometrically， there was a negative correlation between C content and N or P content， and a positive correlation between N content and P content. The total nitrogen content of soil increased significantly in the study area after chemical treatment of L. virgaurea， and the contents of available nitrogen， total potassium and available potassium and the C∶N decreased significantly， while N∶P increased significantly （P<0.05）. L. virgaurea caused an increase in soil microbial biomass （and also microbial C， N， and P） and increased soil microbial activity. Microbial C∶N and C∶P ratios in the study area were also higher than those in the control area， and microbial N∶P was slightly lower than that in the control area， indicating that the demand for N in L. virgaurea is greater than the demand for P. The plant contents and stoichiometric ratios of plant C， N， and P were linked to soil and soil microbial biomass nutrient levels and stoichiometric ratios. Results of a redundancy analysis showed that soil levels of C， N， and P in the study area were highly correlated with those in microbial biomass， and the P content of plants was significantly related to that of soil and microbial biomass （P<0.05）， and the nutrient requirements of each functional group of plants in the control area were evenly distributed， which shows that the nutrient distribution pattern in grassland was affected by L. virgaurea.

Key words: Ligularia virgaurea, hazard, physical and chemical properties, stoichiometry

Yu-qin WANG, Mei-ling SONG, Rui ZHOU, Hong-sheng WANG, Hua LIU, Xiu-lian ZHU, Yu-shou MA. Effects of Ligularia virgaurea on plant and soil nutrient levels and soil microbial biomass characteristics in degraded alpine grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(12): 31-40.

Figures/Tables 7

References 37

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功能群 Functional group	黄帚橐吾危害区Hazard area of L.virgaurea			黄帚橐吾防除区Control area of L.virgaurea
功能群 Functional group	C （g·kg^-1）	N （g·kg^-1）	P （mg·kg^-1）	C （g·kg^-1）	N （g·kg^-1）	P （mg·kg^-1）
禾本科 Gramineae	390.02±4.36b	21.70±0.68b*	1.08±0.04b	401.03±11.87a	18.28±0.55c	0.98±0.02c
莎草科 Cyperaceae	383.57±5.32bc	20.03±0.44c	0.92±0.02c	370.60±12.07b	20.93±0.46b	1.12±0.06b*
豆科 Leguminosae	370.90±4.63c	37.33±0.28a*	1.41±0.03a*	380.38±1.99ab	17.33±0.33c	0.86±0.03d
杂类草 Forbs	383.97±5.61bc	24.32±0.67b	1.40±0.02a	385.12±6.37ab	35.01±0.54a*	1.39±0.02a
黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea	411.28±2.27a	27.68±5.78ab	1.33±0.04a	-	-	-

功能群 Functional group	黄帚橐吾危害区Hazard area of L.virgaurea			黄帚橐吾防除区Control area of L.virgaurea
功能群 Functional group	C （g·kg^-1）	N （g·kg^-1）	P （mg·kg^-1）	C （g·kg^-1）	N （g·kg^-1）	P （mg·kg^-1）
禾本科 Gramineae	390.02±4.36b	21.70±0.68b*	1.08±0.04b	401.03±11.87a	18.28±0.55c	0.98±0.02c
莎草科 Cyperaceae	383.57±5.32bc	20.03±0.44c	0.92±0.02c	370.60±12.07b	20.93±0.46b	1.12±0.06b*
豆科 Leguminosae	370.90±4.63c	37.33±0.28a*	1.41±0.03a*	380.38±1.99ab	17.33±0.33c	0.86±0.03d
杂类草 Forbs	383.97±5.61bc	24.32±0.67b	1.40±0.02a	385.12±6.37ab	35.01±0.54a*	1.39±0.02a
黄帚橐吾L. virgaurea	411.28±2.27a	27.68±5.78ab	1.33±0.04a	-	-	-

项目 Item	LH					LC
项目 Item	PC	PN	PP	PC/N	PC/P	PC	PN	PP	PC/N	PC/P
PN	-0.321					-0.059
PP	-0.028	0.740				-0.127	0.954*
PC/N	0.486	-0.974**	-0.764			0.249	-0.975*	-0.976*
PC/P	0.152	-0.767	-0.989**	0.814		0.268	-0.894	-0.983*	0.957*
PN/P	-0.403	0.746	0.107	-0.672	-0.149	-0.037	0.935	0.787	-0.869	-0.692

项目 Item	LH					LC
项目 Item	PC	PN	PP	PC/N	PC/P	PC	PN	PP	PC/N	PC/P
PN	-0.321					-0.059
PP	-0.028	0.740				-0.127	0.954*
PC/N	0.486	-0.974**	-0.764			0.249	-0.975*	-0.976*
PC/P	0.152	-0.767	-0.989**	0.814		0.268	-0.894	-0.983*	0.957*
PN/P	-0.403	0.746	0.107	-0.672	-0.149	-0.037	0.935	0.787	-0.869	-0.692

项目 Item	LH						LC
项目 Item	PC	PN	PP	PC/N	PC/P	PN/P	PC	PN	PP	PC/N	PC/P	PN/P
SOC	-0.031	0.384	0.174	-0.355	-0.236	0.359	-0.611	-0.542	-0.314	0.346	0.133	-0.710
STN	0.808	-0.978*	-0.786	0.981*	0.816	-0.671	0.516	0.796	0.783	-0.693	-0.675	0.678
NH₄⁺-N	0.551	-0.783	-0.383	0.739	0.440	-0.759	-0.776	0.623	0.720	-0.777	-0.816	0.480
NO₃^--N	-0.140	0.525	0.477	-0.531	-0.530	0.276	-0.554	0.536	0.355	-0.549	-0.332	0.726
STP	0.129	-0.171	0.470	0.060	-0.417	-0.690	0.739	-0.702	-0.759	0.834	0.832	-0.595
SAP	0.462	-0.581	0.025	0.493	0.033	-0.861	0.711	0.566	0.384	-0.370	-0.207	0.668
STK	0.273	-0.232	0.466	0.116	-0.420	-0.785	0.382	-0.895	-0.965*	0.969*	0.989*	-0.723
SAK	0.042	0.367	0.421	-0.383	-0.471	0.094	0.882	-0.519	-0.537	0.662	0.623	-0.491
MBC	-0.387	0.721	0.831	-0.764	-0.863	0.233	0.792	0.562	0.480	-0.391	-0.327	0.538
MBN	-0.208	0.589	0.696	-0.625	-0.736	0.163	0.165	0.933	0.790	-0.836	-0.674	0.977*
MBP	-0.762	0.717	0.865	-0.775	-0.842	0.236	0.869	0.433	0.319	-0.239	-0.153	0.458
SC/N	-0.723	0.939	0.705	-0.931	-0.746	0.684	-0.590	-0.771	-0.695	0.632	0.558	-0.726
SC/P	-0.107	0.229	-0.354	-0.130	0.295	0.657	-0.804	0.576	0.683	-0.739	-0.788	0.429
SC/K	-0.188	0.362	-0.183	-0.275	0.121	0.685	-0.596	0.676	0.825	-0.820	-0.914	0.451
SN/P	0.512	-0.596	-0.959*	0.685	0.938	0.043	-0.411	0.909	0.954*	-0.979*	-0.973*	0.769
MBC/MBN	-0.460	0.761	0.899	-0.812	-0.924	0.231	0.881	0.417	0.351	-0.240	-0.201	0.385
MBC/MBP	0.214	0.191	0.228	-0.197	-0.280	0.020	0.774	0.586	0.506	-0.418	-0.354	0.558
MBN/MBP	0.610	-0.317	-0.368	0.346	0.322	-0.147	-0.987*	0.208	0.250	-0.383	-0.373	0.197