Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 155-165.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023238
Di SHEN1,2,3(), Zi-ming ZENG1,2,3, Kai-yue PANG1,2,3, Sha-tuo CHAI1,2,3,4, Hong-xin NIE1,2,3, Yu-min LI1,2,3, Yang LIAO1,2,3, Xun WANG1,2,3, Wei-hua HUANG1, Shu-jie LIU1,2,3,4, Ying-kui YANG1,2,3,4(), Shu-xiang WANG1,2,3,4()
Received:
2023-07-12
Revised:
2023-09-15
Online:
2024-05-20
Published:
2024-02-03
Contact:
Ying-kui YANG,Shu-xiang WANG
Di SHEN, Zi-ming ZENG, Kai-yue PANG, Sha-tuo CHAI, Hong-xin NIE, Yu-min LI, Yang LIAO, Xun WANG, Wei-hua HUANG, Shu-jie LIU, Ying-kui YANG, Shu-xiang WANG. Effects of low-concentrate and high-concentrate diets on yak growth performance and rumen microbiota structure[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(5): 155-165.
项目 Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
原料Ingredients (%) | ||
燕麦干草Oats hay | 70.00 | 30.00 |
玉米Corn | 13.16 | 38.37 |
小麦Wheat | 3.72 | 0.00 |
麸皮Wheat bran | 3.78 | 12.23 |
食盐NaCl | 1.00 | 1.00 |
菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 3.75 | 12.64 |
豆粕Soybean meal | 1.31 | 0.00 |
菜籽油Rapeseed oil | 0.00 | 0.82 |
棕榈油脂肪粉Palm oil fat power1) | 1.28 | 0.94 |
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
预混料Premix2) | 2.00 | 4.00 |
合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平Nutrient levels3) | ||
干物质Dry matter (DM, %) | 89.20 | 88.29 |
代谢能Metabolic energy (ME, MJ·kg-1) | 9.79 | 12.61 |
粗蛋白质Crude protein (CP, %) | 11.53 | 12.79 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 45.47 | 29.38 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 29.41 | 15.84 |
钙Ca (%) | 0.43 | 0.22 |
磷P (%) | 0.41 | 0.56 |
Table 1 Proportion and nutritional level of yak diet (dry matter basis)
项目 Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
原料Ingredients (%) | ||
燕麦干草Oats hay | 70.00 | 30.00 |
玉米Corn | 13.16 | 38.37 |
小麦Wheat | 3.72 | 0.00 |
麸皮Wheat bran | 3.78 | 12.23 |
食盐NaCl | 1.00 | 1.00 |
菜籽粕Rapeseed meal | 3.75 | 12.64 |
豆粕Soybean meal | 1.31 | 0.00 |
菜籽油Rapeseed oil | 0.00 | 0.82 |
棕榈油脂肪粉Palm oil fat power1) | 1.28 | 0.94 |
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
预混料Premix2) | 2.00 | 4.00 |
合计Total | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平Nutrient levels3) | ||
干物质Dry matter (DM, %) | 89.20 | 88.29 |
代谢能Metabolic energy (ME, MJ·kg-1) | 9.79 | 12.61 |
粗蛋白质Crude protein (CP, %) | 11.53 | 12.79 |
中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 45.47 | 29.38 |
酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 29.41 | 15.84 |
钙Ca (%) | 0.43 | 0.22 |
磷P (%) | 0.41 | 0.56 |
项目Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
平均初重Average initial weight (kg) | 164.90±16.90a | 162.54±15.73a |
平均末重Average end weight (kg) | 186.04±13.72b | 211.73±15.86a |
平均增重Average weight gain (kg) | 21.14±4.87B | 49.19±6.51A |
平均日增重Average daily gain in weight (kg) | 0.35±0.06B | 0.78±0.12A |
干物质采食量Dry matter feed intake (DMI, kg·d-1) | 3.94b | 4.88a |
料重比Feed/gain (F/G) | 11.27A | 6.26B |
Table 2 Effects of feeding different fine-to-rough diets on the production performance of the same yak
项目Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
平均初重Average initial weight (kg) | 164.90±16.90a | 162.54±15.73a |
平均末重Average end weight (kg) | 186.04±13.72b | 211.73±15.86a |
平均增重Average weight gain (kg) | 21.14±4.87B | 49.19±6.51A |
平均日增重Average daily gain in weight (kg) | 0.35±0.06B | 0.78±0.12A |
干物质采食量Dry matter feed intake (DMI, kg·d-1) | 3.94b | 4.88a |
料重比Feed/gain (F/G) | 11.27A | 6.26B |
项目Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
Chao1指数Chao1 index | 1569.71±60.55A | 1354.13±137.19B |
Shannon指数Shannon index | 7.63±0.29A | 7.16±0.36B |
谱系多样性Phylogenetic diversity | 100.59±4.73A | 91.64±7.72B |
辛普森指数Simpson index | 0.98±0.00 | 0.97±0.02 |
Table 3 Alpha diversity index of yak rumen microflora by changing the ratio of concentrate to roughness
项目Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
Chao1指数Chao1 index | 1569.71±60.55A | 1354.13±137.19B |
Shannon指数Shannon index | 7.63±0.29A | 7.16±0.36B |
谱系多样性Phylogenetic diversity | 100.59±4.73A | 91.64±7.72B |
辛普森指数Simpson index | 0.98±0.00 | 0.97±0.02 |
项目Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
厚壁菌门Firmicutes | 68.98±7.19A | 64.19±5.92B |
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota | 20.86±2.65B | 30.04±5.12A |
放线菌门Actinobacteria | 6.54±4.77A | 2.78±1.98B |
髌骨细菌门Patescibacteria | 1.76±0.83a | 1.64±0.75b |
脱硫杆菌门Desulfobacterota | 0.36±0.16a | 0.24±0.07b |
变形菌门Proteobacteria | 0.24±0.15b | 0.35±0.22a |
疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia | 0.49±0.13A | 0.08±0.02B |
螺旋体门Spirochaetota | 0.16±0.10b | 0.29±0.12a |
蓝藻菌门Cyanobacteria | 0.24±0.19a | 0.08±0.05b |
绿弯菌门Chloroflexi | 0.10±0.06 | 0.08±0.04 |
Table 4 Composition and relative abundance of flora at phylum level (%)
项目Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
厚壁菌门Firmicutes | 68.98±7.19A | 64.19±5.92B |
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota | 20.86±2.65B | 30.04±5.12A |
放线菌门Actinobacteria | 6.54±4.77A | 2.78±1.98B |
髌骨细菌门Patescibacteria | 1.76±0.83a | 1.64±0.75b |
脱硫杆菌门Desulfobacterota | 0.36±0.16a | 0.24±0.07b |
变形菌门Proteobacteria | 0.24±0.15b | 0.35±0.22a |
疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia | 0.49±0.13A | 0.08±0.02B |
螺旋体门Spirochaetota | 0.16±0.10b | 0.29±0.12a |
蓝藻菌门Cyanobacteria | 0.24±0.19a | 0.08±0.05b |
绿弯菌门Chloroflexi | 0.10±0.06 | 0.08±0.04 |
项目Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
克里斯滕森菌科_R-7 Christensenellaceae_R-7 | 10.91±1.91A | 7.91±2.51B |
普雷沃氏菌属Prevotella | 4.71±3.51b | 13.31±5.85a |
未分类瘤胃细菌Unclassified_rumen_bacterium | 9.61±3.37A | 6.98±2.10B |
毛螺菌科-NK3A20 Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group | 6.40±3.45b | 8.54±3.30a |
NK4A214属NK4A214_group | 7.74±0.54A | 5.95±2.43B |
理研菌属Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group | 7.06±2.12a | 5.99±2.74b |
瘤胃球菌属Ruminococcus | 5.39±2.18b | 7.19±2.67a |
聚乙酸菌属Acetitomaculum | 4.62±2.30B | 7.02±3.67A |
未培养菌Uncultured_bacterium | 6.26±1.76A | 5.17±1.33B |
不确定的Unidentified | 5.72±1.95A | 4.25±1.42B |
Table 5 Composition and relative abundance of flora at the genus level (%)
项目Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
克里斯滕森菌科_R-7 Christensenellaceae_R-7 | 10.91±1.91A | 7.91±2.51B |
普雷沃氏菌属Prevotella | 4.71±3.51b | 13.31±5.85a |
未分类瘤胃细菌Unclassified_rumen_bacterium | 9.61±3.37A | 6.98±2.10B |
毛螺菌科-NK3A20 Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group | 6.40±3.45b | 8.54±3.30a |
NK4A214属NK4A214_group | 7.74±0.54A | 5.95±2.43B |
理研菌属Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group | 7.06±2.12a | 5.99±2.74b |
瘤胃球菌属Ruminococcus | 5.39±2.18b | 7.19±2.67a |
聚乙酸菌属Acetitomaculum | 4.62±2.30B | 7.02±3.67A |
未培养菌Uncultured_bacterium | 6.26±1.76A | 5.17±1.33B |
不确定的Unidentified | 5.72±1.95A | 4.25±1.42B |
项目Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
碳水化合物代谢Carbohydrate metabolism | 13.40±0.05B | 13.63±0.06A |
脂质代谢Lipid metabolism | 4.87±0.10 | 4.90±0.05 |
辅因子和维生素代谢Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins | 12.76±0.33b | 12.93±0.10a |
能量代谢Energy metabolism | 5.60±0.06b | 5.69±0.05a |
核苷酸代谢Nucleotide metabolism | 2.06±0.02 | 2.10±0.02 |
氨基酸代谢Amino acid metabolism | 12.94±0.04 | 13.04±0.08 |
萜类化合物和聚酮类化合物的代谢Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides | 10.23±0.25 | 10.20±0.13 |
次级代谢产物的生物合成Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites | 2.08±0.02B | 2.29±0.01A |
口服抗生素耐药性Drug resistance of antimicrobial | 0.15±0.02 | 0.15±0.01 |
外源性物质的生物降解和代谢Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism | 2.70±0.26 | 2.69±0.20 |
其他氨基酸代谢Metabolism of other amino acids | 6.74±0.23 | 6.79±0.27 |
聚糖的生物合成和代谢Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism | 3.81±0.25 | 4.12±0.08 |
翻译Translation | 3.58±0.04 | 3.59±0.05 |
膜传输Membrane transport | 1.59±0.01 | 1.54±0.01 |
信号转导Signal transduction | 0.33±0.01 | 0.33±0.01 |
细胞运动Cell motility | 2.56±0.20 | 2.51±0.05 |
折叠分类和降解Folding, sorting and degradation | 3.28±0.06 | 3.25±0.03 |
转录Transcription | 1.17±0.02 | 1.21±0.02 |
复制和修复Replication and repair | 6.39±0.06 | 6.47±0.09 |
细胞生长与死亡Cell growth and death | 1.59±0.02 | 1.59±0.02 |
运输和分解代谢Transport and catabolism | 0.20±0.01b | 0.42±0.03a |
信号分子与相互作用Signaling molecules and interaction | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 |
内分泌系统Endocrine system | 0.09±0.00 | 0.09±0.00 |
免疫系统Immune system | 0.08±0.00 | 0.09±0.00 |
环境适应Environmental adaptation | 0.08±0.00 | 0.09±0.00 |
排泄系统Excretory system | 0.22±0.01 | 0.23±0.01 |
消化系统Digestive system | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 |
细菌传染病Infectious disease of bacterial | 0.04±0.01 | 0.06±0.00 |
细胞群落原核生物Cellular community-prokaryotes | 0.16±0.01 | 0.16±0.00 |
寄生虫传染病Infectious disease of parasitic | 0.18±0.01 | 0.19±0.01 |
免疫疾病Immune disease | 0.23±0.00A | 0.03±0.00B |
Table 6 KEGG2 horizontal annotation
项目Items | C30组Group C30 | C70组Group C70 |
---|---|---|
碳水化合物代谢Carbohydrate metabolism | 13.40±0.05B | 13.63±0.06A |
脂质代谢Lipid metabolism | 4.87±0.10 | 4.90±0.05 |
辅因子和维生素代谢Metabolism of cofactors and vitamins | 12.76±0.33b | 12.93±0.10a |
能量代谢Energy metabolism | 5.60±0.06b | 5.69±0.05a |
核苷酸代谢Nucleotide metabolism | 2.06±0.02 | 2.10±0.02 |
氨基酸代谢Amino acid metabolism | 12.94±0.04 | 13.04±0.08 |
萜类化合物和聚酮类化合物的代谢Metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides | 10.23±0.25 | 10.20±0.13 |
次级代谢产物的生物合成Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites | 2.08±0.02B | 2.29±0.01A |
口服抗生素耐药性Drug resistance of antimicrobial | 0.15±0.02 | 0.15±0.01 |
外源性物质的生物降解和代谢Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism | 2.70±0.26 | 2.69±0.20 |
其他氨基酸代谢Metabolism of other amino acids | 6.74±0.23 | 6.79±0.27 |
聚糖的生物合成和代谢Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism | 3.81±0.25 | 4.12±0.08 |
翻译Translation | 3.58±0.04 | 3.59±0.05 |
膜传输Membrane transport | 1.59±0.01 | 1.54±0.01 |
信号转导Signal transduction | 0.33±0.01 | 0.33±0.01 |
细胞运动Cell motility | 2.56±0.20 | 2.51±0.05 |
折叠分类和降解Folding, sorting and degradation | 3.28±0.06 | 3.25±0.03 |
转录Transcription | 1.17±0.02 | 1.21±0.02 |
复制和修复Replication and repair | 6.39±0.06 | 6.47±0.09 |
细胞生长与死亡Cell growth and death | 1.59±0.02 | 1.59±0.02 |
运输和分解代谢Transport and catabolism | 0.20±0.01b | 0.42±0.03a |
信号分子与相互作用Signaling molecules and interaction | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 |
内分泌系统Endocrine system | 0.09±0.00 | 0.09±0.00 |
免疫系统Immune system | 0.08±0.00 | 0.09±0.00 |
环境适应Environmental adaptation | 0.08±0.00 | 0.09±0.00 |
排泄系统Excretory system | 0.22±0.01 | 0.23±0.01 |
消化系统Digestive system | 0.00±0.00 | 0.00±0.00 |
细菌传染病Infectious disease of bacterial | 0.04±0.01 | 0.06±0.00 |
细胞群落原核生物Cellular community-prokaryotes | 0.16±0.01 | 0.16±0.00 |
寄生虫传染病Infectious disease of parasitic | 0.18±0.01 | 0.19±0.01 |
免疫疾病Immune disease | 0.23±0.00A | 0.03±0.00B |
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