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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 155-165.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023238

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Effects of low-concentrate and high-concentrate diets on yak growth performance and rumen microbiota structure

Di SHEN1,2,3(), Zi-ming ZENG1,2,3, Kai-yue PANG1,2,3, Sha-tuo CHAI1,2,3,4, Hong-xin NIE1,2,3, Yu-min LI1,2,3, Yang LIAO1,2,3, Xun WANG1,2,3, Wei-hua HUANG1, Shu-jie LIU1,2,3,4, Ying-kui YANG1,2,3,4(), Shu-xiang WANG1,2,3,4()   

  1. 1.Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences of Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Plateau Grazing Livestock in Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China
    3.Research Center of Yak Engineering and Technology in Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China
    4.Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed for Tibetan Sheep Grazing Yak in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xining 810016,China
  • Received:2023-07-12 Revised:2023-09-15 Online:2024-05-20 Published:2024-02-03
  • Contact: Ying-kui YANG,Shu-xiang WANG

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of low- and high-concentrate diets on the rumen microbiota in yaks. Twelve 3-year-old yaks with similar body weight were selected and divided into two groups of six. One group was fed with a low-concentrate diet [30∶70 fine-to-rough ratio (C30 group)] and the other was fed with a high-concentrate diet [70∶30 (C70 group)] for 2 months. It was found that: 1) The average daily weight gain of the C70 group was significantly higher than that of the C30 group (P<0.01). 2) The Chao1 index, Shannon index, and phylogenetic diversity index were significantly higher for the C30 group than for the C70 group (P<0.01). 3) At the phylum level, the relative richness of Patescibacteria, Desulfobacterota, Verrucomicrobia, and Cyanobacteria in the rumen was significantly higher in the C30 group than in the C70 group (P<0.05). The relative richness of Firmicutes in the rumen was significantly higher in the C30 group than in the C70 group (P<0.01). The relative richness of Bacteroides in the rumen was significantly higher in the C70 group than in the C30 group (P<0.01), and that of Proteobacteria was significantly higher in the C70 group than in the C30 group (P<0.05). At the genus level, the relative richness of Christensenellaceae_R-7, unclassified_rumen_bacterium, NK4A214_group, uncultured bacteria, and unidentified bacteria in the rumen was significantly higher in the C30 group than in the C70 group (P<0.01). The Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group in the C30 group was significantly higher than that in the C70 group (P<0.05). The relative richness of Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and Ruminococcus in the C70 group was significantly higher than that in the C30 group (P<0.05). 4) There were 31 gene families identified across all yak rumen samples. At KEGG level 2, pathways of transport and catabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, and energy metabolism were significantly enriched in the C70 group compared with the C30 group (P<0.05). The carbohydrate metabolism pathway was highly significantly enriched in the C70 group compared with the C30 group (P<0.01). The immune disease pathway was enriched in the C30 group compared with the C70 group, and the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites pathway was also very highly enriched in the C70 group compared with the C30 group (P<0.01). In summary, high concentrate was fed compared to the low concentrate group the diet reduced the diversity of rumen microbiota in yak and reduced the richness of microflora that was not conducive to rumen microbiota health, while increasing the abundance of dominant microflora Richness. In terms of metabolic function, the high-concentrate diet increased the metabolism of carbohydrates and other nutrients, and decreased the metabolism of immune diseases.

Key words: fine-to-rough ratio, growth performance, rumen microbial diversity, rumen microbial richness