盐胁迫下施加氮素对饲用油菜有机渗透调节物质积累的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020397

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究施加氮素对盐（NaCl）胁迫下饲用油菜有机渗透调节物质的调控作用，以华油杂62号为试验材料，采用盆栽试验，研究不同梯度NaCl（0、2、4、6 g·kg^-1）下施加不同含量纯氮（0、120、240、360 kg·hm^-2）对饲用油菜叶片含水量、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、叶绿素和全氮含量的影响。结果表明：盐胁迫下饲用油菜的生长受到明显的抑制，随着盐分含量的增加，MDA 含量增加，叶片含水量、叶绿素和全氮含量减少，有机渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量增加。施加适量氮素（240 kg·hm^-2）显著增加了脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量，MDA 含量减少，叶绿素和全氮含量增加；过量的氮素（360 kg·hm^-2）显著降低了油菜叶片含水量、MDA和可溶性糖含量，显著增加了叶绿素和全氮含量。5个生育期主成分分析表明，施氮在生育前期对饲用油菜MDA、脯氨酸、叶绿素和全氮含量影响较大，在后期对叶片含水量和可溶性糖含量影响较大。综上，适量的氮素能够促进油菜体内有机渗透调节物质积累，缓解盐分对油菜生长不利的影响。

关键词: 盐胁迫, 氮素, 油菜, 渗透调节

Abstract:

Forage rapeseed is an important cash crop and can grows under salt stress. In order to explore the regulatory effect of nitrogen （N） on the accumulation of organic osmoregulation substances for forage rapeseed under salt （NaCl） stress， we selected one cultivar （Hua You Za No. 62） and designed a pot experiment for this purpose. The plot experiment includes four NaCl stresses （0， 2， 4， or 6 g·kg^-1） and four pure N levels （0， 120， 240， 360 kg·ha^-1）. Five physiological indexes， including leaf water content and contents of malondialdehyde （MDA）， proline， soluble sugars， chlorophyll and total N in the leaves were measured and used to evaluate this effect of N. The results showed that the growth of forage rapeseed was significantly inhibited under salt stress. The contents of MDA and organic osmotic regulating substances （proline and soluble sugars） increased with increasing salt content in the soil， while the leaf water content， the contents of chlorophyll and total N decreased. The contents of proline and soluble sugars were significantly higher and the MDA content was significantly lower under the 240 kg·ha^-1 N level. The higher level of N supplementation （360 kg·ha^-1） resulted in significant decreases of the leaf water content， MDA content and soluble sugars content， while significant increases the contents of chlorophyll and total N. The principal component analysis for five growth stages showed that N significantly affected the contents of MDA， proline， chlorophyll， and total N at the early growth stage， but significantly affected the leaf water content and soluble sugars content at later growth stages. In conclusion， appropriate N supplementation can promote the accumulation of organic osmoregulation substances and weaken the adverse effects of salt on the growth of forage rapeseed.

Key words: salt stress, nitrogen, rape, osmotic adjustment

田甜, 王海江, 王金刚, 朱永琪, 史晓艳, 李维弟, 李文瑞玉. 盐胁迫下施加氮素对饲用油菜有机渗透调节物质积累的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(10): 125-136.

Tian TIAN, Hai-jiang WANG, Jin-gang WANG, Yong-qi ZHU, Xiao-yan SHI, Wei-di LI, Wen-rui-yu LI. Effects of nitrogen application on accumulation of organic osmotic regulating substances in forage rapeseed （Brassica napus） under salt stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(10): 125-136.

图/表 8

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盐处理 Salt treatment	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	时间Time
盐处理 Salt treatment	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	35 d	42 d	49 d	56 d	63 d
S₀	N₀	17.891±0.152i	23.051±0.165hi	27.607±0.263h	30.881±0.248h	32.773±0.171h
	N₁	17.632±0.153ij	21.592±0.177hi	27.350±0.277h	28.038±0.169i	30.622±0.323i
	N₂	15.660±0.151k	18.581±0.522k	21.419±0.253j	25.632±0.301k	29.681±0.257j
	N₃	14.191±0.260k	17.887±0.260k	18.581±0.149k	23.137±0.191l	28.724±0.520k
S₁	N₀	24.521±0.141fg	26.843±0.262fg	30.711±0.260f	31.831±0.290g	35.613±0.288f
	N₁	22.968±0.253g	26.154±0.541g	28.132±0.438gh	28.653±0.282i	34.062±0.301g
	N₂	17.463±0.154ij	19.178±0.152jk	25.890±0.253hi	27.958±0.241i	30.621±0.383i
	N₃	17.121±0.790j	18.489±0.163k	21.157±0.271j	27.354±0.612j	30.022±0.331j
S₂	N₀	25.723±0.390e	27.782±0.174e	32.601±0.442d	35.871±0.151c	38.713±0.290d
	N₁	23.477±0.280g	27.101±0.256f	31.834±0.144e	33.722±0.142e	38.369±0.154d
	N₂	22.884±0.261g	26.153±0.153g	30.283±0.143f	32.434±0.267f	34.582±0.253g
	N₃	18.583±0.244h	24.520±0.151h	26.152±0.151i	30.967±0.289h	34.322±0.145g
S₃	N₀	31.231±0.925a	32.428±0.142a	38.281±0.389a	40.428±0.190a	45.507±0.391a
	N₁	29.419±0.447b	30.619±0.183b	36.042±0.256b	38.109±0.314b	42.061±0.389b
	N₂	28.133±0.262c	29.942±0.264c	34.244±0.180c	37.941±0.182b	41.456±0.412c
	N₃	26.490±0.389d	28.390±0.282d	31.309±0.301e	35.352±0.267d	37.160±0.381e
显著性 Significance （P-value）	盐处理 Salt treatment （ST）	**	**	**	**	**
	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment （NT）	**	**	**	**	**
	盐处理×氮处理 ST×NT	**	**	**	**	**

盐处理 Salt treatment	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	时间Time
盐处理 Salt treatment	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	35 d	42 d	49 d	56 d	63 d
S₀	N₀	17.891±0.152i	23.051±0.165hi	27.607±0.263h	30.881±0.248h	32.773±0.171h
	N₁	17.632±0.153ij	21.592±0.177hi	27.350±0.277h	28.038±0.169i	30.622±0.323i
	N₂	15.660±0.151k	18.581±0.522k	21.419±0.253j	25.632±0.301k	29.681±0.257j
	N₃	14.191±0.260k	17.887±0.260k	18.581±0.149k	23.137±0.191l	28.724±0.520k
S₁	N₀	24.521±0.141fg	26.843±0.262fg	30.711±0.260f	31.831±0.290g	35.613±0.288f
	N₁	22.968±0.253g	26.154±0.541g	28.132±0.438gh	28.653±0.282i	34.062±0.301g
	N₂	17.463±0.154ij	19.178±0.152jk	25.890±0.253hi	27.958±0.241i	30.621±0.383i
	N₃	17.121±0.790j	18.489±0.163k	21.157±0.271j	27.354±0.612j	30.022±0.331j
S₂	N₀	25.723±0.390e	27.782±0.174e	32.601±0.442d	35.871±0.151c	38.713±0.290d
	N₁	23.477±0.280g	27.101±0.256f	31.834±0.144e	33.722±0.142e	38.369±0.154d
	N₂	22.884±0.261g	26.153±0.153g	30.283±0.143f	32.434±0.267f	34.582±0.253g
	N₃	18.583±0.244h	24.520±0.151h	26.152±0.151i	30.967±0.289h	34.322±0.145g
S₃	N₀	31.231±0.925a	32.428±0.142a	38.281±0.389a	40.428±0.190a	45.507±0.391a
	N₁	29.419±0.447b	30.619±0.183b	36.042±0.256b	38.109±0.314b	42.061±0.389b
	N₂	28.133±0.262c	29.942±0.264c	34.244±0.180c	37.941±0.182b	41.456±0.412c
	N₃	26.490±0.389d	28.390±0.282d	31.309±0.301e	35.352±0.267d	37.160±0.381e
显著性 Significance （P-value）	盐处理 Salt treatment （ST）	**	**	**	**	**
	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment （NT）	**	**	**	**	**
	盐处理×氮处理 ST×NT	**	**	**	**	**

盐处理 Salt treatment	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	时间Time
盐处理 Salt treatment	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	35 d	42 d	49 d	56 d	63 d
S₀	N₀	0.022±0.002f	0.029±0.004h	0.037±0.002i	0.040±0.005h	0.043±0.001h
	N₁	0.027±0.001e	0.038±0.001fh	0.039±0.001hi	0.041±0.002h	0.044±0.001h
	N₂	0.035±0.001d	0.040±0.002ef	0.041±0.002hi	0.044±0.001g	0.047±0.001h
	N₃	0.012±0.001g	0.013±0.001i	0.019±0.002k	0.022±0.001i	0.033±0.003i
S₁	N₀	0.035±0.001d	0.038±0.003fh	0.038±0.001hi	0.046±0.002g	0.053±0.001g
	N₁	0.045±0.001c	0.044±0.001de	0.054±0.001f	0.060±0.001e	0.073±0.001f
	N₂	0.046±0.002c	0.046±0.001d	0.054±0.002f	0.062±0.001e	0.074±0.001f
	N₃	0.018±0.002f	0.020±0.003h	0.027±0.002j	0.040±0.001h	0.046±0.003h
S₂	N₀	0.037±0.001cd	0.048±0.001d	0.051±0.001g	0.060±0.002e	0.070±0.002f
	N₁	0.045±0.003c	0.055±0.002c	0.059±0.002e	0.066±0.001d	0.085±0.002e
	N₂	0.047±0.007c	0.059±0.002b	0.064±0.001d	0.070±0.001d	0.094±0.002d
	N₃	0.030±0.001e	0.037±0.003g	0.041±0.001h	0.051±0.001f	0.055±0.003g
S₃	N₀	0.040±0.006d	0.061±0.001b	0.070±0.001c	0.078±0.001b	0.104±0.003c
	N₁	0.054±0.003b	0.072±0.001a	0.087±0.001a	0.117±0.001a	0.113±0.007b
	N₂	0.060±0.001a	0.077±0.001a	0.096±0.002b	0.119±0.002a	0.133±0.001a
	N₃	0.031±0.002e	0.044±0.002de	0.054±0.001f	0.073±0.001c	0.088±0.002de
显著性 Significance （P-value）	盐处理 Salt treatment （ST）	**	**	**	**	**
	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment （NT）	**	**	**	**	**
	盐处理×氮处理 ST×NT	**	**	**	**	**

盐处理 Salt treatment	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	时间Time
盐处理 Salt treatment	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	35 d	42 d	49 d	56 d	63 d
S₀	N₀	0.022±0.002f	0.029±0.004h	0.037±0.002i	0.040±0.005h	0.043±0.001h
	N₁	0.027±0.001e	0.038±0.001fh	0.039±0.001hi	0.041±0.002h	0.044±0.001h
	N₂	0.035±0.001d	0.040±0.002ef	0.041±0.002hi	0.044±0.001g	0.047±0.001h
	N₃	0.012±0.001g	0.013±0.001i	0.019±0.002k	0.022±0.001i	0.033±0.003i
S₁	N₀	0.035±0.001d	0.038±0.003fh	0.038±0.001hi	0.046±0.002g	0.053±0.001g
	N₁	0.045±0.001c	0.044±0.001de	0.054±0.001f	0.060±0.001e	0.073±0.001f
	N₂	0.046±0.002c	0.046±0.001d	0.054±0.002f	0.062±0.001e	0.074±0.001f
	N₃	0.018±0.002f	0.020±0.003h	0.027±0.002j	0.040±0.001h	0.046±0.003h
S₂	N₀	0.037±0.001cd	0.048±0.001d	0.051±0.001g	0.060±0.002e	0.070±0.002f
	N₁	0.045±0.003c	0.055±0.002c	0.059±0.002e	0.066±0.001d	0.085±0.002e
	N₂	0.047±0.007c	0.059±0.002b	0.064±0.001d	0.070±0.001d	0.094±0.002d
	N₃	0.030±0.001e	0.037±0.003g	0.041±0.001h	0.051±0.001f	0.055±0.003g
S₃	N₀	0.040±0.006d	0.061±0.001b	0.070±0.001c	0.078±0.001b	0.104±0.003c
	N₁	0.054±0.003b	0.072±0.001a	0.087±0.001a	0.117±0.001a	0.113±0.007b
	N₂	0.060±0.001a	0.077±0.001a	0.096±0.002b	0.119±0.002a	0.133±0.001a
	N₃	0.031±0.002e	0.044±0.002de	0.054±0.001f	0.073±0.001c	0.088±0.002de
显著性 Significance （P-value）	盐处理 Salt treatment （ST）	**	**	**	**	**
	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment （NT）	**	**	**	**	**
	盐处理×氮处理 ST×NT	**	**	**	**	**

盐处理 Salt treatment	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	时间Time
盐处理 Salt treatment	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment	35 d	42 d	49 d	56 d	63 d
S₀	N₀	2097.011±24.303j	2134.320±33.602i	2198.442±22.945i	2434.641±17.993f	2478.584±13.414f
	N₁	2130.500±21.031i	2258.967±3.391h	2603.767±26.745e	2516.472±2.990e	2815.062±36.643d
	N₂	2470.672±17.356e	2653.374±22.863c	2745.623±10.441d	2826.061±8.911c	2918.641±32.022c
	N₃	2632.103±10.401b	2754.473±39.420b	2845.552±16.334c	2933.710±34.032ab	3081.473±18.140b
S₁	N₀	2199.833±3.734h	2408.210±15.764f	2418.062±26.691f	2693.854±6.978d	2758.140±6.201e
	N₁	2307.592±15.562f	2545.956±12.613d	2719.301±20.678d	2707.345±3.260d	2932.578±12.432c
	N₂	2552.756±34.445d	2740.245±32.210b	2878.470±27.352b	2907.653±18.901b	3067.011±16.245b
	N₃	2832.144±6.889a	2837.783±8.656a	2925.583±7.541a	2955.478±18.354a	3145.642±26.413a
S₂	N₀	2060.332±26.132k	1996.351±9.331k	1834.745±8.042m	1667.672±22.967l	1612.423±10.290k
	N₁	2095.667±7.845j	2048.214±28.354j	2008.452±5.050j	1893.811±1.443j	1837.656±21.101j
	N₂	2271.021±5.201g	2276.245±24.856gh	2241.467±24.445h	2162.842±16.589i	2145.111±28.567h
	N₃	2591.210±7.744c	2485.380±4.534e	2394.178±4.978f	2389.256±9.033g	2360.102±34.732g
S₃	N₀	2000.044±1.880m	1877.521±14.978m	1436.592±25.004n	1397.871±16.271m	1397.489±4.845l
	N₁	2033.690±26.022l	1933.322±8.732l	1867.090±12.951l	1725.289±3.090k	1615.522±6.154k
	N₂	2068.202±28.289k	1980.463±19.433k	1925.084±21.024k	1920.812±27.178j	1912.501±8.544i
	N₃	2552.644±4.967d	2301.641±21.582g	2295.478±4.643g	2235.544±22.131h	2119.289±43.356h
显著性 Significance （P-value）	盐处理 Salt treatment （ST）	**	**	**	**	**
	氮处理 Nitrogen treatment （NT）	**	**	**	**	**
	盐处理×氮处理 ST×NT	**	**	**	**	**