生物炭、磷及AMF对Cd胁迫下柳枝稷生长及土壤性质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020461

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨添加磷、生物炭和接种丛枝菌根真菌对柳枝稷镉（Cd）耐性的作用，采用盆栽法研究土壤Cd浓度为20 mg·kg^-1时，不同处理［对照（CK）、4.5%生物炭（biochar，B）、60 mg·kg^-1磷（phosphorus，P₆₀）、4.5%生物炭+60 mg·kg^-1磷（B+P₆₀）］结合丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）对柳枝稷生长状况、矿质离子（P、Se）和Cd含量、土壤pH值、速效磷和酸性磷酸酶活性及土壤不同形态Cd含量的影响。结果表明：磷添加可显著提高柳枝稷根系侵染率，P₆₀处理下根系侵染率达到了56.9%。与CK相比，B、P₆₀、B+P₆₀处理对柳枝稷植株高度、叶片SPAD值、生物量无显著影响，各处理结合AMF的植株高度、叶片SPAD值、生物量均显著升高，但接菌后各处理间差异不显著。除了P₆₀处理下地上部Se和Cd含量及B+P₆₀处理下地上部Cd含量高于CK外， B、P₆₀、B+P₆₀处理下P、Se、Cd与CK无显著差异；接种AMF后CK和B处理下地上部Se和Cd含量均高于未接菌处理，且B+AM处理地上部Cd含量显著高于其他处理；但接菌后P₆₀处理地上部Se和Cd含量均低于未接菌处理。此外，无论是否接种AMF，B和B+P₆₀处理根系Cd含量均显著高于CK和P₆₀，土壤速效磷含量高于CK，土壤酸性提取态Cd含量低于CK和P₆₀。接种AMF后CK、B和B+P₆₀处理的土壤残渣态Cd含量高于CK和对应未接菌处理，但接菌P₆₀处理的土壤残渣态Cd含量低于未接菌处理。由此可见，B或B+P₆₀处理提高了根系Cd和土壤速效磷含量，降低了土壤酸性提取态Cd含量；二者结合AMF提高了柳枝稷生物量和地上部Se和Cd含量及土壤残渣态Cd含量。因此，AMF结合生物炭或生物炭/磷添加提高了柳枝稷生物量、Cd吸收量，降低了土壤中重金属的生物活性，可以在重度Cd污染土壤中应用。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 硒, 土壤Cd形态

Abstract:

This research investigated the effects of phosphorus， biochar addition and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） inoculation on the Cd tolerance of switchgrass. A pot experiment was conducted comprising four treatments： CK， 4.5% biochar （B）， 60 mg·kg^-1 phosphorus （P₆₀）， 4.5% biochar+60 mg·kg^-1phosphorus （B+P₆₀）， with or without AMF inoculation. Measurements made included plant growth， mineral concentration， Cd concentration， soil pH， available P and acid phosphatase， and forms of Cd present in the soil. It was found that P addition significantly increased root colonization， and the colonization reached 56.9% with the P₆₀ treatment. Compared with CK， B， P₆₀ and B+P₆₀ treatments had no significant effects on plant height， leaf SPAD and biomass of switchgrass. The plant height， leaf SPAD and biomass of switchgrass increased significantly with AMF inoculation， but there were no significant differences among the treatments after AMF inoculation. Except for higher Se and Cd in shoot concentrations in P₆₀ and B+P₆₀ treatments， compared to CK， there were no significant differences between B， P₆₀ and B+P₆₀ treatments and the CK treatment for P， Se and Cd concentrations in shoot tissues. After AMF inoculation， the contents of Se and Cd under CK and B treatments in plants with AMF present were higher than those in plants uninoculated with AMF， and the concentrations of Cd in shoots of plants in the B+AM treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments. However， the shoot concentrations of Se and Cd in plants in the P₆₀ treatment were lower than those plants with no AMF present. In addition， the root Cd concentrations of B and B+P₆₀ treatments were significantly higher than those of CK and P₆₀treatments， soil available P contents were higher than those of CK， and soil acid-extracted Cd concentrations were lower than those of CK and P₆₀ treatments regardless of AMF inoculation status. The soil residual Cd concentrations of CK， B and B+P₆₀ treatments with AMF inoculation were higher than corresponding non-inoculated treatments， but the residual Cd contents for the P₆₀ treatment was lower than that of corresponding uninoculated treatment. In summary， B or B+P₆₀ treatments increased the root Cd and soil available P concentrations， reduced the soil acid-extracted Cd contents； Combined with AMF， B or B+P₆₀ treatment increased switchgrass biomass， shoot Se and Cd content， and increased soil residual Cd concentrations. Therefore， AMF inoculation of plants combined with biochar or biochar+phosphorus soil additions can increase the biomass and Cd uptake of switchgrass and reduce the soil Cd bio-availability. These findings are applicable to remediation of heavily Cd contaminated soils.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, selenium, soil Cd availability

孙红, 郑玉龙, 林炎丽, 陈超, 杨富裕. 生物炭、磷及AMF对Cd胁迫下柳枝稷生长及土壤性质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(12): 71-80.

Hong SUN, Yu-long ZHENG, Yan-li LIN, Chao CHEN, Fu-yu YANG. Effects of biochar， phosphorus addition and AMF inoculation on switchgrass growth and soil properties under Cd stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(12): 71-80.

图/表 6

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指标Parameters	B	P₆₀	AMF	B+P₆₀	B+AM	P₆₀+AM	B+P₆₀+AM
侵染率Root colonization	NS	*	—	NS	—	—	—
SPAD	NS	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
地上部生物量 Shoot biomass	NS	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
根系生物量 Root biomass	*	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
地上部P含量 Shoot P concentration	*	**	NS	NS	**	NS	NS
地上部Se含量 Shoot Se concentration	NS	NS	***	NS	**	***	NS
地上部Cd含量 Root Cd concentration	***	*	***	NS	***	***	**
根系P含量 Root P concentration	***	NS	***	NS	**	NS	**
根系Se含量 Root Se concentration	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
根系Cd含量 Root Cd concentration	***	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
pH	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	*	NS
土壤速效磷 Available P concentration	***	***	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
土壤酸性磷酸酶活性 Soil acid phosphatase activity	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
酸性提取态Cd Acid-extractable Cd	***	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
还原态Cd Reducible-Cd	NS	***	NS	***	**	NS	**
氧化态Cd Oxidizable-Cd	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
残渣态Cd Residual-Cd	NS	NS	**	***	***	**	***

指标Parameters	B	P₆₀	AMF	B+P₆₀	B+AM	P₆₀+AM	B+P₆₀+AM
侵染率Root colonization	NS	*	—	NS	—	—	—
SPAD	NS	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
地上部生物量 Shoot biomass	NS	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
根系生物量 Root biomass	*	NS	***	NS	NS	NS	NS
地上部P含量 Shoot P concentration	*	**	NS	NS	**	NS	NS
地上部Se含量 Shoot Se concentration	NS	NS	***	NS	**	***	NS
地上部Cd含量 Root Cd concentration	***	*	***	NS	***	***	**
根系P含量 Root P concentration	***	NS	***	NS	**	NS	**
根系Se含量 Root Se concentration	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
根系Cd含量 Root Cd concentration	***	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
pH	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	*	NS
土壤速效磷 Available P concentration	***	***	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
土壤酸性磷酸酶活性 Soil acid phosphatase activity	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
酸性提取态Cd Acid-extractable Cd	***	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
还原态Cd Reducible-Cd	NS	***	NS	***	**	NS	**
氧化态Cd Oxidizable-Cd	NS	*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
残渣态Cd Residual-Cd	NS	NS	**	***	***	**	***

处理 Treatment	接菌处理 Inoculation	侵染率 Root colonization （%）	相对叶绿素含量 SPAD	生物量Biomass （g·pot^-1）
处理 Treatment	接菌处理 Inoculation	侵染率 Root colonization （%）	相对叶绿素含量 SPAD	地上部Shoot	根系Root
CK	NM	-	22.7±0.8cd	1.02±0.22c	0.42±0.09b
CK	AM	44.2±2.4b	25.9±1.0b	2.13±0.43a	0.93±0.33a
B	NM	-	24.1±1.5bc	0.10±0.01d	0.12±0.00b
B	AM	47.9±3.7ab	30.0±0.5a	1.51±0.19b	0.85±0.19a
P₆₀	NM	-	23.5±0.9cd	0.63±0.18cd	0.31±0.06b
P₆₀	AM	56.9±5.4a	25.1±1.5b	1.98±0.05ab	1.06±0.08a
B+P₆₀	NM	—	22.8±0.7d	0.86±0.04c	0.42±0.02b
B+P₆₀	AM	54.3±3.9ab	26.3±1.6bc	1.58±0.35ab	0.96±0.11a

处理 Treatment	接菌处理 Inoculation	侵染率 Root colonization （%）	相对叶绿素含量 SPAD	生物量Biomass （g·pot^-1）
处理 Treatment	接菌处理 Inoculation	侵染率 Root colonization （%）	相对叶绿素含量 SPAD	地上部Shoot	根系Root
CK	NM	-	22.7±0.8cd	1.02±0.22c	0.42±0.09b
CK	AM	44.2±2.4b	25.9±1.0b	2.13±0.43a	0.93±0.33a
B	NM	-	24.1±1.5bc	0.10±0.01d	0.12±0.00b
B	AM	47.9±3.7ab	30.0±0.5a	1.51±0.19b	0.85±0.19a
P₆₀	NM	-	23.5±0.9cd	0.63±0.18cd	0.31±0.06b
P₆₀	AM	56.9±5.4a	25.1±1.5b	1.98±0.05ab	1.06±0.08a
B+P₆₀	NM	—	22.8±0.7d	0.86±0.04c	0.42±0.02b
B+P₆₀	AM	54.3±3.9ab	26.3±1.6bc	1.58±0.35ab	0.96±0.11a

处理 Treatment	接菌处理 Inoculation	酸性提取态 Acid-extractable Cd	还原态 Reducible-Cd	氧化态 Oxidizable-Cd	残渣态 Residual-Cd
CK	NM	11.7±0.9a	2.1±0.1d	0.06±0.01ab	10.1±1.6bc
CK	AM	10.3±0.3ab	2.3±0.3d	0.05±0.00b	16.1±0.8a
B	NM	8.3±0.4c	3.1±0.1bc	0.05±0.01b	8.4±1.2c
B	AM	9.0±0.2bc	3.3±0.4b	0.06±0.00ab	12.8±0.6b
P₆₀	NM	9.3±0.5b	4.3±0.3a	0.07±0.01a	15.0±0.8ab
P₆₀	AM	10.6±0.9a	3.4±0.2b	0.07±0.01ab	7.7±0.5c
B+P₆₀	NM	7.9±0.1c	2.5±0.3c	0.06±0.00ab	8.5±1.2c
B+P₆₀	AM	8.4±0.2c	3.8±0.2ab	0.06±0.00ab	16.1±1.1ab