草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 139-149.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021408
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
张铎1(), 李岚涛1(), 林迪2, 郑龙辉2, 耿赛男1, 石纹碹1, 盛开1, 苗玉红1, 王宜伦1
收稿日期:
2021-11-09
修回日期:
2022-01-10
出版日期:
2022-06-20
发布日期:
2022-05-11
通讯作者:
李岚涛
作者简介:
E-mail: lilantao@henau.edu.cn基金资助:
Duo ZHANG1(), Lan-tao LI1(), Di LIN2, Long-hui ZHENG2, Sai-nan GENG1, Wen-xuan SHI1, Kai SHENG1, Yu-hong MIAO1, Yi-lun WANG1
Received:
2021-11-09
Revised:
2022-01-10
Online:
2022-06-20
Published:
2022-05-11
Contact:
Lan-tao LI
摘要:
探究不同磷肥施用量对菊芋块茎产量、品质、植株理化特性及磷肥利用率的影响,为实现菊芋高产优质栽培和农田磷素高效利用与科学施磷提供参考依据。于2019-2020连续两年分别于河南省原阳县和方城县布置磷肥用量田间试验,2019年设0、60、120、180和240 kg P2O5·hm-2 5个磷肥用量水平,2020年则分别设0、45、90、135、180和225 kg P2O5·hm-2 6个施磷水平。研究磷肥施用对成熟期菊芋块茎产量、品质(菊糖、还原糖含量)以及营养生长和生殖生长期地上部植株磷素积累量、叶片绿原酸、SPAD值、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量等理化指标的影响,计算分析菊芋收获指数、磷肥利用率和农学效率等肥料吸收利用状况。结果表明:磷肥供应均显著提高2019和2020年菊芋块茎产量,肥料效应呈“线性+平台”趋势变化,适宜施磷量分别为155和107 kg·hm-2。此外,磷肥供应显著提高菊芋块茎菊糖和还原糖含量。与不施磷相比,2019-2020年度块茎总糖含量增幅分别平均为11.6%和18.3%。各生育期菊芋地上部植株磷素积累量、叶片绿原酸含量、SPAD值、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均随施磷量增加而明显提高。菊芋磷素收获指数(PHI)、磷肥利用率(AUP)和农学效率(AEP)均随着磷肥用量增加而明显下降,施磷处理两年平均PHI、AUP和AEP分别为0.813、15.1%和23.9 kg·kg-1。因此,合理施磷可显著提高菊芋成熟期块茎产量、改善品质,增强各生育期生理活性。在本试验条件下菊芋适宜施磷量为105~150 kg·hm-2。
张铎, 李岚涛, 林迪, 郑龙辉, 耿赛男, 石纹碹, 盛开, 苗玉红, 王宜伦. 施磷水平对菊芋块茎产量、品质、植株生理特性与磷利用率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(6): 139-149.
Duo ZHANG, Lan-tao LI, Di LIN, Long-hui ZHENG, Sai-nan GENG, Wen-xuan SHI, Kai SHENG, Yu-hong MIAO, Yi-lun WANG. Effects of P fertilization rate on tuber yield, quality, plant physiological attributes and P use efficiency of Helianthus tuberosus[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(6): 139-149.
地点 Sites | 年份 Year | pH值 pH value | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available P (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available K (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
原阳Yuanyang | 2019 | 7.71 | 16.93 | 0.86 | 78.43 | 18.26 | 112.33 |
南阳Nanyang | 2020 | 6.88 | 16.67 | 0.79 | 63.88 | 18.75 | 118.04 |
表1 试验田土壤基础养分状况
Table 1 Basic soil nutrients in experimental fields
地点 Sites | 年份 Year | pH值 pH value | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Available N (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available P (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available K (mg·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
原阳Yuanyang | 2019 | 7.71 | 16.93 | 0.86 | 78.43 | 18.26 | 112.33 |
南阳Nanyang | 2020 | 6.88 | 16.67 | 0.79 | 63.88 | 18.75 | 118.04 |
图1 施磷量对成熟期菊芋块茎产量的影响平均值±标准差 Mean±standard deviation. 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05),下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05), the same below.
Fig.1 Effect of P application rates on fresh weight of H. tuberosus tubers at mature period
2019 原阳 Yuanyang | 2020 南阳 Nanyang | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
磷肥用量 P application rates (kg·hm-2) | 菊糖含量 Inulin content (mg·g-1) | 还原糖含量 Reducing sugar content (mg·g-1) | 磷肥用量 P application rates (kg·hm-2) | 菊糖含量 Inulin content (mg·g-1) | 还原糖含量 Reducing sugar content (mg·g-1) |
0 | 467.2c | 51.4c | 0 | 401.2c | 41.9d |
60 | 492.4bc | 55.4c | 45 | 417.4c | 49.6c |
120 | 513.9ab | 68.4a | 90 | 445.8b | 54.3b |
180 | 526.7a | 68.3a | 135 | 488.7a | 56.7ab |
240 | 525.1a | 66.8ab | 180 | 490.7a | 56.9ab |
225 | 501.0a | 59.3a |
表2 施磷量对成熟期菊芋块茎菊糖和还原糖含量的影响
Table 2 Effects of P rates on inulin and reducing sugar content of H. tuberosus tubers at mature period
2019 原阳 Yuanyang | 2020 南阳 Nanyang | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
磷肥用量 P application rates (kg·hm-2) | 菊糖含量 Inulin content (mg·g-1) | 还原糖含量 Reducing sugar content (mg·g-1) | 磷肥用量 P application rates (kg·hm-2) | 菊糖含量 Inulin content (mg·g-1) | 还原糖含量 Reducing sugar content (mg·g-1) |
0 | 467.2c | 51.4c | 0 | 401.2c | 41.9d |
60 | 492.4bc | 55.4c | 45 | 417.4c | 49.6c |
120 | 513.9ab | 68.4a | 90 | 445.8b | 54.3b |
180 | 526.7a | 68.3a | 135 | 488.7a | 56.7ab |
240 | 525.1a | 66.8ab | 180 | 490.7a | 56.9ab |
225 | 501.0a | 59.3a |
地点 Sites | 磷肥用量 P rates (kg·hm-2) | 可溶性蛋白Soluble protein (mg·g-1 fresh weight) | 可溶性糖Soluble sugar (mg·g-1 fresh weight) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
营养生长前期Early the vegetative period | 营养生长中期Medium the vegetative period | 营养生长末期 Late the vegetative period | 开花期 Flowering period | 营养生长前期Early the vegetative period | 营养生长中期Medium the vegetative period | 营养生长末期Late the vegetative period | 开花期 Flowering period | ||
2019原阳 Yuanyang | 0 | 4.227c | 4.163c | 4.203b | 3.777c | 0.487b | 0.500c | 0.563b | 0.587d |
60 | 4.340b | 4.420b | 4.350ab | 3.887bc | 0.563b | 0.553bc | 0.630b | 0.632c | |
120 | 4.413b | 4.537ab | 4.490ab | 4.120ab | 0.677a | 0.620b | 0.733a | 0.667b | |
180 | 4.550a | 4.560ab | 4.577a | 4.250a | 0.750a | 0.737a | 0.760a | 0.700a | |
240 | 4.543a | 4.640a | 4.563a | 4.157a | 0.743a | 0.727a | 0.740a | 0.710a | |
2020南阳 Nanyang | 0 | 4.077d | 5.237c | 4.113b | 2.980d | 0.563d | 0.653c | 0.633b | 0.477c |
45 | 4.700c | 5.567bc | 4.143ab | 3.237c | 0.607cd | 0.697bc | 0.703a | 0.507bc | |
90 | 4.800bc | 5.787ab | 4.447ab | 3.443bc | 0.643bc | 0.727bc | 0.750a | 0.547abc | |
135 | 5.080ab | 6.027ab | 4.503ab | 3.657b | 0.690ab | 0.750ab | 0.757a | 0.567ab | |
180 | 5.213a | 6.267a | 4.990a | 4.037a | 0.727a | 0.810a | 0.770a | 0.593a | |
225 | 5.157a | 6.280a | 4.890a | 4.070a | 0.730a | 0.827a | 0.763a | 0.587a |
表3 施磷量对不同生育期菊芋叶片可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的影响
Table 3 Effects of P rates on leaf soluble protein and soluble sugar content of H. tuberosus at different growth periods
地点 Sites | 磷肥用量 P rates (kg·hm-2) | 可溶性蛋白Soluble protein (mg·g-1 fresh weight) | 可溶性糖Soluble sugar (mg·g-1 fresh weight) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
营养生长前期Early the vegetative period | 营养生长中期Medium the vegetative period | 营养生长末期 Late the vegetative period | 开花期 Flowering period | 营养生长前期Early the vegetative period | 营养生长中期Medium the vegetative period | 营养生长末期Late the vegetative period | 开花期 Flowering period | ||
2019原阳 Yuanyang | 0 | 4.227c | 4.163c | 4.203b | 3.777c | 0.487b | 0.500c | 0.563b | 0.587d |
60 | 4.340b | 4.420b | 4.350ab | 3.887bc | 0.563b | 0.553bc | 0.630b | 0.632c | |
120 | 4.413b | 4.537ab | 4.490ab | 4.120ab | 0.677a | 0.620b | 0.733a | 0.667b | |
180 | 4.550a | 4.560ab | 4.577a | 4.250a | 0.750a | 0.737a | 0.760a | 0.700a | |
240 | 4.543a | 4.640a | 4.563a | 4.157a | 0.743a | 0.727a | 0.740a | 0.710a | |
2020南阳 Nanyang | 0 | 4.077d | 5.237c | 4.113b | 2.980d | 0.563d | 0.653c | 0.633b | 0.477c |
45 | 4.700c | 5.567bc | 4.143ab | 3.237c | 0.607cd | 0.697bc | 0.703a | 0.507bc | |
90 | 4.800bc | 5.787ab | 4.447ab | 3.443bc | 0.643bc | 0.727bc | 0.750a | 0.547abc | |
135 | 5.080ab | 6.027ab | 4.503ab | 3.657b | 0.690ab | 0.750ab | 0.757a | 0.567ab | |
180 | 5.213a | 6.267a | 4.990a | 4.037a | 0.727a | 0.810a | 0.770a | 0.593a | |
225 | 5.157a | 6.280a | 4.890a | 4.070a | 0.730a | 0.827a | 0.763a | 0.587a |
2019 原阳 Yuanyang | 2020 南阳Nanyang | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
磷肥用量 P rates (kg·hm-2) | 磷素收获指数 PHI | 磷肥利用率 (AUP, %) | 磷肥农学效率 (AEP, kg·kg-1) | 磷肥用量 P rates(kg·hm-2) | 磷素收获指数 PHI | 磷肥利用率 (AUP, %) | 磷肥农学效率 (AEP, kg·kg-1) |
0 | 0.897 | - | - | 0 | 0.894 | - | - |
60 | 0.875 | 12.4 | 24.7 | 45 | 0.875 | 21.5 | 37.3 |
120 | 0.835 | 11.0 | 16.8 | 90 | 0.842 | 21.6 | 43.0 |
180 | 0.800 | 12.1 | 17.0 | 135 | 0.778 | 18.4 | 26.9 |
240 | 0.788 | 10.1 | 12.0 | 180 | 0.772 | 17.4 | 24.2 |
225 | 0.750 | 11.5 | 13.6 |
表4 施磷量对菊芋磷素吸收利用的影响
Table 4 Effects of P application rates on P uptake and utilization of H. tuberosus
2019 原阳 Yuanyang | 2020 南阳Nanyang | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
磷肥用量 P rates (kg·hm-2) | 磷素收获指数 PHI | 磷肥利用率 (AUP, %) | 磷肥农学效率 (AEP, kg·kg-1) | 磷肥用量 P rates(kg·hm-2) | 磷素收获指数 PHI | 磷肥利用率 (AUP, %) | 磷肥农学效率 (AEP, kg·kg-1) |
0 | 0.897 | - | - | 0 | 0.894 | - | - |
60 | 0.875 | 12.4 | 24.7 | 45 | 0.875 | 21.5 | 37.3 |
120 | 0.835 | 11.0 | 16.8 | 90 | 0.842 | 21.6 | 43.0 |
180 | 0.800 | 12.1 | 17.0 | 135 | 0.778 | 18.4 | 26.9 |
240 | 0.788 | 10.1 | 12.0 | 180 | 0.772 | 17.4 | 24.2 |
225 | 0.750 | 11.5 | 13.6 |
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