草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 191-203.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021426
收稿日期:
2021-11-23
修回日期:
2022-02-24
出版日期:
2022-11-20
发布日期:
2022-10-01
通讯作者:
刘志鹏
作者简介:
刘志鹏(1979-),男,陕西咸阳人,教授,博士。E-mail: lzp@lzu.edu.cn基金资助:
Zhi-peng LIU1(), Guang-peng REN2
Received:
2021-11-23
Revised:
2022-02-24
Online:
2022-11-20
Published:
2022-10-01
Contact:
Zhi-peng LIU
摘要:
结合物种的多个概念,综述了国内外苜蓿属植物分类的意义和混乱的现状,统计了我国13个苜蓿属物种的名称和特性,详细总结了全球约90个苜蓿属物种的名称、生活型、染色体数目、授粉方式和自然分布等,以及苜蓿属内14个组和10个亚组的划分、不同物种间的分子进化关系、苜蓿属的地理起源,并进一步解释了紫花苜蓿复合体内部不同亚种之间的遗传关系。提出了在深入理解物种概念的基础上鉴定苜蓿属物种的方法,建议广泛收集全球苜蓿属种质资源,采用分子进化等手段进一步理清苜蓿属内组间和物种间的进化关系,以期为今后的苜蓿属植物分类和紫花苜蓿杂交育种提供参考。
刘志鹏, 任广朋. 苜蓿属物种分类研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(11): 191-203.
Zhi-peng LIU, Guang-peng REN. Progress on the taxonomic classification of Medicago species[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(11): 191-203.
编号No. | 名称 Name | 生活型 Habit | 染色体倍性 Chromosome ploidy | 授粉方式 Pollination | 地理分布 Location | 其他名称 Other names |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 褐斑苜蓿 M. arabica | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=16 | 自花 Self-pollination | 引种栽培Introduction and cultivation | 阿拉伯苜蓿M. arabica |
2 | 木本苜蓿 M. arborea | 多年生,灌木Perennial, shrub | 2n=32, 48 | 异花 Cross-pollination | 引种栽培Introduction and cultivation | 树苜蓿M. arborea |
3 | 青海苜蓿M. archiducis-nicolai | 多年生,草本Perennial, herb | 2n=16, 32 | - | 陕、宁、甘、青、川、藏Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang | 矩镰荚苜蓿、青藏扁蓿豆、藏青胡卢巴M. archiducis-nicolai |
4 | 毛荚苜蓿 M. edgeworthii | 多年生,草本Perennial, herb | 2n | 自花 Self-pollination | 藏、滇Xizang, Yunnan | 毛果胡卢巴、毛果扁蓿豆、毛荚苜蓿M. edgeworthii |
5 | 天蓝苜蓿 M. lupulina | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=16, 32 | 自花 Self-pollination | 全国The whole nation | 黑荚苜蓿M. lupulina |
6 | 小苜蓿 M. minima | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=16 | 自花 Self-pollination | 陕、新、苏、鄂、豫、川、鲁、滇、晋Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan, Sichuan, Shandong, Yunnan, Shanxi | 多形苜蓿M. minima |
7 | 单花胡卢巴 M. monantha | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=44 | - | 新Xinjiang | 无No |
8 | 直果胡卢巴 M. orthoceras | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | - | - | 新Xinjiang | 无No |
9 | 阔荚苜蓿 M. platycarpos | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=16 | 自花 Self-pollination | 新Xinjiang | 宽果苜蓿M. platycarpos |
10 | 南苜蓿 M. polymorpha | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=14 | 自花 Self-pollination | 引种栽培,逸生广泛Introduction and cultivation, widely naturalized | 金花菜M. polymorpha |
11 | 早花苜蓿 M. praecox | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=14 | 自花 Self-pollination | 引种栽培Introduction and cultivation | 无No |
12 | 花苜蓿 M. ruthenica | 多年生,草本Perennial, herb | 2n=16 | 自花 Self-pollination | 甘、宁、鲁、川、陕、青、藏、蒙Gansu, Ningxia, Shandong, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Xizang, Inner Mongolia | 扁蓿豆、扁豆子M. ruthenica |
13 | 紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | 多年生,草本Perennial, herb | 2n=16,32 | 异花 Cross-pollination | 引种栽培,逸生广泛Introduction and cultivation, widely naturalized | 紫苜蓿M. sativa |
表1 中国分布的13个苜蓿属物种
Table 1 13 species of Medicago in China
编号No. | 名称 Name | 生活型 Habit | 染色体倍性 Chromosome ploidy | 授粉方式 Pollination | 地理分布 Location | 其他名称 Other names |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 褐斑苜蓿 M. arabica | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=16 | 自花 Self-pollination | 引种栽培Introduction and cultivation | 阿拉伯苜蓿M. arabica |
2 | 木本苜蓿 M. arborea | 多年生,灌木Perennial, shrub | 2n=32, 48 | 异花 Cross-pollination | 引种栽培Introduction and cultivation | 树苜蓿M. arborea |
3 | 青海苜蓿M. archiducis-nicolai | 多年生,草本Perennial, herb | 2n=16, 32 | - | 陕、宁、甘、青、川、藏Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang | 矩镰荚苜蓿、青藏扁蓿豆、藏青胡卢巴M. archiducis-nicolai |
4 | 毛荚苜蓿 M. edgeworthii | 多年生,草本Perennial, herb | 2n | 自花 Self-pollination | 藏、滇Xizang, Yunnan | 毛果胡卢巴、毛果扁蓿豆、毛荚苜蓿M. edgeworthii |
5 | 天蓝苜蓿 M. lupulina | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=16, 32 | 自花 Self-pollination | 全国The whole nation | 黑荚苜蓿M. lupulina |
6 | 小苜蓿 M. minima | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=16 | 自花 Self-pollination | 陕、新、苏、鄂、豫、川、鲁、滇、晋Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan, Sichuan, Shandong, Yunnan, Shanxi | 多形苜蓿M. minima |
7 | 单花胡卢巴 M. monantha | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=44 | - | 新Xinjiang | 无No |
8 | 直果胡卢巴 M. orthoceras | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | - | - | 新Xinjiang | 无No |
9 | 阔荚苜蓿 M. platycarpos | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=16 | 自花 Self-pollination | 新Xinjiang | 宽果苜蓿M. platycarpos |
10 | 南苜蓿 M. polymorpha | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=14 | 自花 Self-pollination | 引种栽培,逸生广泛Introduction and cultivation, widely naturalized | 金花菜M. polymorpha |
11 | 早花苜蓿 M. praecox | 一年生,草本Annual, herb | 2n=14 | 自花 Self-pollination | 引种栽培Introduction and cultivation | 无No |
12 | 花苜蓿 M. ruthenica | 多年生,草本Perennial, herb | 2n=16 | 自花 Self-pollination | 甘、宁、鲁、川、陕、青、藏、蒙Gansu, Ningxia, Shandong, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Xizang, Inner Mongolia | 扁蓿豆、扁豆子M. ruthenica |
13 | 紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | 多年生,草本Perennial, herb | 2n=16,32 | 异花 Cross-pollination | 引种栽培,逸生广泛Introduction and cultivation, widely naturalized | 紫苜蓿M. sativa |
物种编号No. | 拉丁名 Latin name | 生活型 Habit | 染色体 Chromosome | 授粉方式 Pollination | 品种 Variety | 自然分布 Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Medicago arabica | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
2 | Medicago arborea | 多年生灌木Perennial shrub | 2n=32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 欧Europe |
3 | Medicago archiducis-nicolai | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | - | 无No | 亚Asian |
4 | Medicago arenicola | 一年生Annual | - | - | 无No | 亚Asian |
5 | Medicago arcuata | - | - | - | - | - |
6 | Medicago astroites | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
7 | Medicago biflora | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
8 | Medicago blancheana | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | - | 亚Asian |
9 | Medicago bonarotiana | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
10 | Medicago brachycarpa | 一年生或多年生 Annual or perennial | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
11 | Medicago cancellata | 多年生Perennial | 2n=48 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
12 | Medicago carica | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
13 | Medicago carstiensis | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
14 | Medicago ciliaris | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
15 | Medicago citrina | 多年生灌木Perennial shrub | 2n=48 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
16 | Medicago constricta | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
17 | Medicago coronata | 一年生Annual | 2n=14, 16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
18 | Medicago crassipes | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
19 | Medicago cretacea | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
20 | Medicago daghestanica | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 亚Asian |
21 | Medicago disciformis | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
22 | Medicago doliata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
23 | Medicago edgeworthii | 一年生或多年生 Annual or perennial | 2n=16 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 亚Asian |
24 | Medicago fischeriana | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
25 | Medicago granadensis | 一年生Annual | 2n=16* | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
26 | Medicago halophila | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
27 | Medicago heldreichii | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
28 | Medicago heyniana | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
29 | Medicago huberi | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
30 | Medicago hybrida | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 欧Europe |
31 | Medicago hypogaea | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚Africa, Asian |
32 | Medicago intertexta | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
33 | Medicago isthmocarpa | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
34 | Medicago italica | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
35 | Medicago laciniata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚Africa, Asian |
36 | Medicago lanigera | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
37 | Medicago laxispira | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
38 | Medicago lesinsii | - | - | 自花Self-pollination | - | - |
39 | Medicago littoralis | 一年生Annual | 2n=14, 16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
40 | Medicago lupulina | 一年生或多年生 Annual or perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
41 | Medicago marina | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
42 | Medicago medicaginoides | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
43 | Medicago minima | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
44 | Medicago monantha | 一年生Annual | 2n=44* | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
45 | Medicago monspeliaca | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
46 | Medicago murex | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
47 | Medicago muricoleptis | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
48 | Medicago noeana | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
49 | Medicago orbicularis | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
50 | Medicago orthoceras | 一年生Annual | 2n=44 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
51 | Medicago ovalis | 一年生Annual | 2n=32 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
52 | Medicago pamphylica | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
53 | Medicago papillosa | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 亚Asian |
54 | Medicago persica | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
55 | Medicago phrygia | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
56 | Medicago pironae | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 欧Europe |
57 | Medicago platycarpos | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
58 | Medicago plicata | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
59 | Medicago polyceratia | 一年生Annual | 2n=28* | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非Africa |
60 | Medicago polymorpha | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
61 | Medicago popovii | 多年生Perennial | - | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无 No | 亚Asian |
62 | Medicago praecox | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
63 | Medicago prostrata | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
64 | Medicago radiata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 亚Asian |
65 | Medicago retrorsa | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
66 | Medicago rhodopea | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
67 | Medicago rhytidiocarpa | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
68 | Medicago rigida | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
69 | Medicago rigidula | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
70 | Medicago rigiduloides | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
71 | Medicago rostrata | 一年生Annual | - | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 亚Asian |
72 | Medicago rotata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 亚Asian |
73 | Medicago rugosa | 一年生Annual | 2n=30 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
74 | Medicago rupestris | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
75 | Medicago ruthenica | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 亚Asian |
76 | Medicago sativa | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
76.1 | Medicago sativa subsp. sativa | 多年生Perennial | 2n=32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 广布Wide distribution |
76.2 | Medicago sativa subsp. caerulea | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
76.3 | Medicago sativa subsp. glomerata | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
76.4 | Medicago sativa subsp. falcata var. falcata | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
76.5 | Medicago sativa subsp. falcata var. viscosa | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 欧Europe |
76.6 | Medicago sativa subsp.×varia | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 广布Wide distribution |
77 | Medicago sauvagei | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非Africa |
78 | Medicago saxatilis | 多年生Perennial | 2n=48 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 欧Europe |
79 | Medicago scutellata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
80 | Medicago secundiflora | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
81 | Medicago shepardii | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
82 | Medicago sinskiae | 一年生Annual | 2n=14, 16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
83 | Medicago soleirolii | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无 No | 非Africa |
84 | Medicago sphaerocarpos | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚Africa, Asian |
85 | Medicago strasseri | 多年生灌木Perennial shrub | 2n=32 | - | 无No | 欧Europe |
86 | Medicago suffruticosa | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
87 | Medicago syriaca | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
88 | Medicago tenoreana | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
89 | Medicago truncatula | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
90 | Medicago turbinata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
表2 全球90个苜蓿属物种信息
Table 2 Information on 90 Medicago in the world
物种编号No. | 拉丁名 Latin name | 生活型 Habit | 染色体 Chromosome | 授粉方式 Pollination | 品种 Variety | 自然分布 Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Medicago arabica | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
2 | Medicago arborea | 多年生灌木Perennial shrub | 2n=32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 欧Europe |
3 | Medicago archiducis-nicolai | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | - | 无No | 亚Asian |
4 | Medicago arenicola | 一年生Annual | - | - | 无No | 亚Asian |
5 | Medicago arcuata | - | - | - | - | - |
6 | Medicago astroites | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
7 | Medicago biflora | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
8 | Medicago blancheana | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | - | 亚Asian |
9 | Medicago bonarotiana | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
10 | Medicago brachycarpa | 一年生或多年生 Annual or perennial | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
11 | Medicago cancellata | 多年生Perennial | 2n=48 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
12 | Medicago carica | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
13 | Medicago carstiensis | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
14 | Medicago ciliaris | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
15 | Medicago citrina | 多年生灌木Perennial shrub | 2n=48 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
16 | Medicago constricta | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
17 | Medicago coronata | 一年生Annual | 2n=14, 16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
18 | Medicago crassipes | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
19 | Medicago cretacea | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
20 | Medicago daghestanica | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 亚Asian |
21 | Medicago disciformis | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
22 | Medicago doliata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
23 | Medicago edgeworthii | 一年生或多年生 Annual or perennial | 2n=16 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 亚Asian |
24 | Medicago fischeriana | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
25 | Medicago granadensis | 一年生Annual | 2n=16* | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
26 | Medicago halophila | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
27 | Medicago heldreichii | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
28 | Medicago heyniana | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
29 | Medicago huberi | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
30 | Medicago hybrida | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 欧Europe |
31 | Medicago hypogaea | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚Africa, Asian |
32 | Medicago intertexta | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
33 | Medicago isthmocarpa | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
34 | Medicago italica | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
35 | Medicago laciniata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚Africa, Asian |
36 | Medicago lanigera | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
37 | Medicago laxispira | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
38 | Medicago lesinsii | - | - | 自花Self-pollination | - | - |
39 | Medicago littoralis | 一年生Annual | 2n=14, 16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
40 | Medicago lupulina | 一年生或多年生 Annual or perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
41 | Medicago marina | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
42 | Medicago medicaginoides | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
43 | Medicago minima | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
44 | Medicago monantha | 一年生Annual | 2n=44* | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
45 | Medicago monspeliaca | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
46 | Medicago murex | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
47 | Medicago muricoleptis | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
48 | Medicago noeana | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
49 | Medicago orbicularis | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
50 | Medicago orthoceras | 一年生Annual | 2n=44 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
51 | Medicago ovalis | 一年生Annual | 2n=32 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
52 | Medicago pamphylica | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
53 | Medicago papillosa | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 亚Asian |
54 | Medicago persica | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
55 | Medicago phrygia | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
56 | Medicago pironae | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 欧Europe |
57 | Medicago platycarpos | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
58 | Medicago plicata | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
59 | Medicago polyceratia | 一年生Annual | 2n=28* | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非Africa |
60 | Medicago polymorpha | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
61 | Medicago popovii | 多年生Perennial | - | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无 No | 亚Asian |
62 | Medicago praecox | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
63 | Medicago prostrata | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
64 | Medicago radiata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 亚Asian |
65 | Medicago retrorsa | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
66 | Medicago rhodopea | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
67 | Medicago rhytidiocarpa | 一年生Annual | - | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
68 | Medicago rigida | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
69 | Medicago rigidula | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
70 | Medicago rigiduloides | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
71 | Medicago rostrata | 一年生Annual | - | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 亚Asian |
72 | Medicago rotata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 亚Asian |
73 | Medicago rugosa | 一年生Annual | 2n=30 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
74 | Medicago rupestris | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
75 | Medicago ruthenica | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 亚Asian |
76 | Medicago sativa | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
76.1 | Medicago sativa subsp. sativa | 多年生Perennial | 2n=32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 广布Wide distribution |
76.2 | Medicago sativa subsp. caerulea | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 异花Cross-pollination | 无No | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
76.3 | Medicago sativa subsp. glomerata | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
76.4 | Medicago sativa subsp. falcata var. falcata | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 亚、欧Asian, Europe |
76.5 | Medicago sativa subsp. falcata var. viscosa | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 欧Europe |
76.6 | Medicago sativa subsp.×varia | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16, 32 | 异花Cross-pollination | 有Yes | 广布Wide distribution |
77 | Medicago sauvagei | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非Africa |
78 | Medicago saxatilis | 多年生Perennial | 2n=48 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 欧Europe |
79 | Medicago scutellata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
80 | Medicago secundiflora | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
81 | Medicago shepardii | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
82 | Medicago sinskiae | 一年生Annual | 2n=14, 16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
83 | Medicago soleirolii | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无 No | 非Africa |
84 | Medicago sphaerocarpos | 一年生Annual | 2n=14 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚Africa, Asian |
85 | Medicago strasseri | 多年生灌木Perennial shrub | 2n=32 | - | 无No | 欧Europe |
86 | Medicago suffruticosa | 多年生Perennial | 2n=16 | 常异花Often cross-pollinated | 无No | 非、欧Africa, Europe |
87 | Medicago syriaca | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 亚Asian |
88 | Medicago tenoreana | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 欧Europe |
89 | Medicago truncatula | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 有Yes | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
90 | Medicago turbinata | 一年生Annual | 2n=16 | 自花Self-pollination | 无No | 非、亚、欧Africa, Asian, Europe |
编号No. | 组Sections | 亚组Subsections | 物种数Number of species | 物种编号Species No. 1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Medicago | Medicago | 11 | 11,19,20,41,53,56,63,66,74,76,78 | |
Suffruticosae | 2 | 30,86 | |||
2 | Carstienses | 1 | 13 | ||
3 | Dendrotelis | 3 | 2,15,85 | ||
4 | Platycarpae | 4 | 3,57,61,75 | ||
5 | Spirocarpos | Intertextae | 4 | 14,25,32,47 | |
Pachyspirae | 13 | 16,22,34,39,46,69,70,82,83,84,87,89,90 | |||
Rotatae | 6 | 9,48,72,73,79,81 | |||
Spirocarpos | 10 | 1,17,21,35,37,43,60,62,77,88 | |||
Lupularia | 2 | 40,80 | |||
6 | Lanigerae | 1 | 36 | ||
7 | Geocarpa | 1 | 31 | ||
8 | Heynianae | 1 | 28 | ||
9 | Orbiculares | 1 | 49 | ||
10 | Hymenocarpos | 1 | 64 | ||
11 | Pectinatae | 1 | 58 | ||
12 | Ovales | 1 | 51 | ||
13 | Buceras | Buceras | 16 | 4,6,12,18,24,26,27,42,44,45,50,52,54,55,59,68 | |
Deflexae | 1 | 65 | |||
Isthmocarpae | 2 | 33,67 | |||
14 | Lunatae | 5 | 7,10,23,29,71 |
表3 苜蓿属14个组和10个亚组
Table 3 14 sections and 10 subsections in Medicago
编号No. | 组Sections | 亚组Subsections | 物种数Number of species | 物种编号Species No. 1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Medicago | Medicago | 11 | 11,19,20,41,53,56,63,66,74,76,78 | |
Suffruticosae | 2 | 30,86 | |||
2 | Carstienses | 1 | 13 | ||
3 | Dendrotelis | 3 | 2,15,85 | ||
4 | Platycarpae | 4 | 3,57,61,75 | ||
5 | Spirocarpos | Intertextae | 4 | 14,25,32,47 | |
Pachyspirae | 13 | 16,22,34,39,46,69,70,82,83,84,87,89,90 | |||
Rotatae | 6 | 9,48,72,73,79,81 | |||
Spirocarpos | 10 | 1,17,21,35,37,43,60,62,77,88 | |||
Lupularia | 2 | 40,80 | |||
6 | Lanigerae | 1 | 36 | ||
7 | Geocarpa | 1 | 31 | ||
8 | Heynianae | 1 | 28 | ||
9 | Orbiculares | 1 | 49 | ||
10 | Hymenocarpos | 1 | 64 | ||
11 | Pectinatae | 1 | 58 | ||
12 | Ovales | 1 | 51 | ||
13 | Buceras | Buceras | 16 | 4,6,12,18,24,26,27,42,44,45,50,52,54,55,59,68 | |
Deflexae | 1 | 65 | |||
Isthmocarpae | 2 | 33,67 | |||
14 | Lunatae | 5 | 7,10,23,29,71 |
图1 紫花苜蓿复合体基因流示意图实线箭头表示亚种间和亚种内的基因流,空心箭头表示紫花苜蓿复合体和属内其他物种间的基因流,问号表示可能存在的未知通路。Solid arrows indicate gene flow between and within subspecies. Hollow arrows indicate gene flow between alfalfa complex and other species in Medicago. Question marks indicate possible unknown pathways.
Fig.1 Schematic of the gene flow of alfalfa complex
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