基于数据库的菌根与施肥对草地植物叶片性状影响的分析

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022444

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究菌根状态和施肥对草地植物叶片性状的影响，对横跨4大洲的27个全球分布的草地站点进行施肥处理，包括对照及氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）的全因子组合，在添加养分3~4年后测定每个地块优势物种的叶片N、P、K含量和比叶面积（specific leaf area，SLA），并根据已发表文献确定了植物的菌根状态。在此基础上，结合优势物种的构成，将草地植物分为禾本科植物和非禾本科植物，进一步分析两种植物类群对不同菌根状态和施肥处理的响应。结果表明：菌根状态是影响草地植物叶片性状的重要因素，尤其对于禾本科植物而言，非确定菌根（non-obligately mycorrhizal，NOM）植物的叶片养分含量显著高于确定形成菌根（obligately mycorrhizal，OM）的植物；对于非禾本科和草地植物而言，OM植物和NOM植物的叶片性状同样表现出差异性，但总体并不显著。施肥对草地植物叶片性状的影响主要表现为显著提高其叶片N、P、K含量，对SLA的影响较小。路径分析结果进一步表明，叶片养分含量与施肥呈显著正相关，SLA与施肥无显著相关关系。此外，草地OM和NOM植物的叶片性状均受到气候因素和处理年限的显著影响。综上，菌根状态显著影响禾本科植物的叶片性状，施肥显著提高草地植物叶片养分含量，气候因素和处理年限对草地植物叶片性状的影响同样值得引起注意。

关键词: 菌根状态, 叶片性状, 施肥, 草地植物

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of mycorrhizal status and fertilization on leaf traits of grassland plants， fertilization treatments were applied at 27 globally distributed grassland sites across four continents based on data made by Firn et al^［25］. The treatments included a control and full factorial combinations of nitrogen （N）， phosphorus （P）， and potassium （K）. After 3-4 years of nutrient addition， the leaf N， P and K contents and specific leaf areas （SLA） of dominant species in each plot were measured， and the mycorrhizal status of plants was determined based on published literature. On this basis， combined with the composition of dominant species， the grassland plants were divided into poaceous plants and non-poaceous species， and the responses of the two plant groups to difference in mycorrhizal status and fertilization treatments were further analyzed. It was found that mycorrhizal status was an important factor affecting the leaf traits of grassland plants. Especially for poaceous plants， the leaf nutrient content of non-obligate mycorrhizal （NOM） plants was significantly higher than that of obligate mycorrhizal （OM） plants. For non-poaceous grassland plants， the leaf traits of OM plants and NOM plants also showed some differences， but these were not significant overall. The effects of fertilization on the leaf traits of grassland plants were mainly to significantly increase the contents of N， P and K in leaves， but fertilization had little effect on SLA. Path analysis further showed that there was a significant positive correlation between fertilization and leaf nutrient content， while there was no significant correlation between fertilization and SLA. In addition， the leaf traits of OM and NOM plants in grassland were significantly affected by climatic factors and differed between treatment years. In conclusion， in poaceous plants， leaf traits were significantly affected by mycorrhizal status， while fertilization significantly increased the leaf nutrient content of grassland plants. The effects of climatic factors on the leaf traits of grassland plants and differences between years also merit further investigation.

Key words: mycorrhizal status, leaf traits, fertilization, grassland plants

韦文敬, 石兆勇, 张梦歌, 杨爽, 杨文雅. 基于数据库的菌根与施肥对草地植物叶片性状影响的分析[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(10): 104-114.

Wen-jing WEI, Zhao-yong SHI, Meng-ge ZHANG, Shuang YANG, Wen-ya YANG. Response to fertilization of leaf functional traits of grassland plants with different mycorrhizal status[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(10): 104-114.

图/表 9

图1 菌根状态和施肥对草地植物叶片性状的影响OM： OM植物OM plants； NOM： NOM植物NOM plants。*代表不同菌根状态间差异显著（P<0.05）。当指标Ln值的95%置信区间内不包含0时，该指标对施肥的响应显著。下同。* represents a significant difference between different mycorrhizal statuses （P<0.05）. When the 95% confidence interval of the index Ln value does not include 0，the index responds significantly to fertilization. The same below.

Fig.1 Effects of mycorrhizal status and fertilization on leaf traits of grassland plants

图2 菌根状态和施肥对禾本科植物叶片性状的影响**代表不同菌根状态间差异极显著（P<0.01）。下同。** represents an extremely significant difference between different mycorrhizal statuses（P<0.01）. The same below.

Fig.2 Effects of mycorrhizal status and fertilization on leaf traits of gramineous plants

图3 菌根状态和施肥对非禾本科植物叶片性状的影响

Fig.3 Effects of mycorrhizal status and fertilization on leaf traits of non-gramineous plants

表1 不同施肥处理下菌根状态和物种对禾本科植物SLA的影响

Table 1 Effects of mycorrhizal status and species on SLA of gramineous plants under different fertilization treatments

施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	菌根状态 Mycorrhizal status		物种 Species		菌根状态与物种的交互作用Mycorrhizal status×species
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	F	P	F	P	F	P
氮N	88.10	<0.001	53.63	<0.001	13.39	<0.001
磷P	82.14	<0.001	19.92	<0.001	9.79	<0.001
钾K	83.87	<0.001	33.02	<0.001	4.71	0.010
氮磷NP	58.18	<0.001	35.03	<0.001	8.88	<0.001
氮钾NK	78.60	<0.001	9.25	0.003	6.31	0.002
磷钾PK	64.85	<0.001	12.65	<0.001	4.72	0.009
氮磷钾NPK	89.23	<0.001	45.05	<0.001	13.61	<0.001

表2 不同施肥处理下菌根状态和物种对禾本科植物叶片N含量的影响

Table 2 Effects of mycorrhizal status and species on leaf N concentration in leaves of gramineous plants under different fertilization treatments

施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	菌根状态 Mycorrhizal status		物种 Species		菌根状态与物种的交互作用Mycorrhizal status×species
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	F	P	F	P	F	P
氮N	75.06	<0.001	45.50	<0.001	13.16	<0.001
磷P	71.33	<0.001	15.60	<0.001	8.80	<0.001
钾K	76.20	<0.001	27.23	<0.001	3.87	0.020
氮磷NP	45.71	<0.001	29.39	<0.001	8.44	<0.001
氮钾NK	67.77	<0.001	6.54	0.010	5.13	0.006
磷钾PK	53.27	<0.001	10.24	0.001	3.65	0.030
氮磷钾NPK	51.61	<0.001	8.63	0.004	2.74	0.070

表3 不同施肥处理下菌根状态和物种对禾本科植物叶片P含量的影响

Table 3 Effects of mycorrhizal status and species on P concentration in leaves of gramineous plants under different fertilization treatments

施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	菌根状态 Mycorrhizal status		物种 Species		菌根状态与物种的交互作用Mycorrhizal status×species
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	F	P	F	P	F	P
氮N	65.01	<0.001	40.10	<0.001	11.63	<0.001
磷P	64.69	<0.001	14.79	<0.001	7.03	0.001
钾K	73.02	<0.001	23.37	<0.001	2.54	0.080
氮磷NP	40.59	<0.001	6.91	<0.001	7.20	<0.001
氮钾NK	69.07	<0.001	6.40	0.010	4.82	0.009
磷钾PK	43.36	<0.001	8.96	0.003	1.92	0.150
氮磷钾NPK	43.97	<0.001	9.14	0.003	1.99	0.140

表4 不同施肥处理下菌根状态和物种对禾本科植物叶片K浓度的影响

Table 4 Effects of mycorrhizal status and species on K concentration in leaves of gramineous plants under different fertilization treatments

施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	菌根状态 Mycorrhizal status		物种 Species		菌根状态与物种的交互作用Mycorrhizal status×species
施肥处理 Fertilization treatment	F	P	F	P	F	P
氮N	64.84	<0.001	39.79	<0.001	11.67	<0.001
磷P	67.69	<0.001	16.65	<0.001	7.90	<0.001
钾K	73.00	<0.001	23.35	<0.001	2.54	0.080
氮磷NP	41.12	<0.001	21.17	<0.001	7.39	<0.001
氮钾NK	68.00	<0.001	6.38	0.010	4.65	0.010
磷钾PK	43.37	<0.001	8.98	0.003	1.92	0.150
氮磷钾NPK	43.98	<0.001	9.15	0.003	1.99	0.140

图4 施肥处理、气候因素及处理年限对草地OM植物叶片性状的影响路径R2：相关系数Correlation coefficient. 图中所有路径均与对应的叶片性状显著相关。下同。All the paths in the figure were significantly correlated with the corresponding leaf traits. The same below.

Fig.4 Effects of fertilization，climate factors and treatment years on leaf traits of OM plants in grassland

图5 施肥处理、气候因素及处理年限对草地NOM植物叶片性状的影响路径

Fig.5 Effects of fertilization，climate factors and treatment years on leaf traits of NOM plants in grassland.

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