荒漠草原不同间距灌丛引入对土壤细菌碳源利用和胞外酶活性的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同间距柠条锦鸡儿人工灌丛引入对宁夏东部荒漠草原土壤细菌群落功能多样性和土壤胞外酶活性的影响，利用Biolog-ECO法对封育草地（17 a）和不同间距（40、6和2 m）灌丛地土壤细菌碳源利用特征展开研究。结果表明：荒漠草原不同间距灌丛引入后土壤有机碳和微生物生物量碳较封育草地无显著增加，而土壤全碳显著增加26.65%~43.47%；除β-1，4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖苷酶外的其他土壤胞外酶活性均在灌丛地低于封育草地，灌丛间无显著差异。各样地土壤微生物细菌平均颜色变化率和主成分分析显示出近30年不同间距灌丛地土壤细菌群落代谢功能明显变化，灌丛密度增加，碳源的相对利用率下降了49.2%，但灌丛地碳源利用率仍显著大于封育草地，特别是土壤细菌群落功能多样性。丰富度、均匀度、优势度指数随密度增加而增大，碳源利用类型也从草原以氨基酸类、聚合物类和其他类碳源为主利用转向随灌丛以聚合物类和氨基酸类稳定优先利用为主。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 灌丛引入, 不同密度, 土壤细菌, 碳源利用

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of shrub introduction on the functional diversity of soil bacterial communities and soil extracellular enzyme activity on the desert steppe. Field studies were conducted in areas where Caragana korshinskii has been introduced with different planting intervals into grassland on the desert steppe of eastern Ningxia. We investigated the characteristics of soil bacterial carbon utilization in fenced grassland and shrublands planted with C. korshinskii at a range of intervals （40， 6 and 2 m） using the Biolog-ECO method. We found that the soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon contents were not significantly higher in shrublands than in enclosed desert grassland， while soil total carbon content was significantly higher （by 26.65%-43.47%） in shrublands than in enclosed grassland. The activities of all measured soil extracellular enzymes， except β-1，4-N-acetylamino glucosidase， were lower in shrublands than in enclosed grassland， but there was no significant difference in their activities among the different planting intervals. Further analyses including a principal component analysis revealed significant differences in the metabolic functions of soil bacterial communities among sites. The relative utilization of carbon sources decreased by 49.2% with the increase of shrub introduction intervals in the last 30 years. The utilization of carbon sources by soil bacteria and the functional diversity of soil bacterial communities were significantly higher in shrublands than in enclosed grassland. The Shannon-Wiener richness index， Shannon’s evenness index， and Simpson’s dominance index of soil bacterial communities increased with increasing planting intervals of C. korshinskii. Soil bacteria in grassland mainly utilized amino acids， polymers， and other types of compounds as carbon sources， but those in shrublands stably utilized polymers and amino acids as carbon sources.

Key words: desert grassland, shrub introduction, different densities, soil bacteria, carbon source utilization

苏荣霞, 马彦平, 王红梅, 赵亚楠, 李志丽. 荒漠草原不同间距灌丛引入对土壤细菌碳源利用和胞外酶活性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(11): 93-105.

Rong-xia SU, Yan-ping MA, Hong-mei WANG, Ya-nan ZHAO, Zhi-li LI. Changes in soil bacterial carbon source utilization and soil extracellular enzyme activity after artificial planting of Caragana korshinskii at different densities on the desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(11): 93-105.

图/表 9

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样地类型 Sample type	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	灌木生物量 Shrubs biomass （g·m^-2）	灌木盖度 Shrubs coverage （%）	草本生物量 Herbage biomass （g·m^-2）	草本盖度 Herbage coverage （%）	主要植物 Major plant species
EG	37°53′ E；107°14′ N	0	0	102.62	79.0	猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia、白草Pennisetum centrasiaticum、虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium、赖草Aneurolepidium dasystachys
SI₄₀	37°55′ E；107°21′ N	1166.69	7.1	85.34	76.2	柠条锦鸡儿Caragana korshinskii、猪毛蒿A. scoparia、牛枝子Lespedeza potaninii
SI₆	37°51′ E；107°22′ N	1199.97	29.7	93.11	42.2	柠条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii、牛枝子L. potaninii、沙生针茅Stipa breviflora、猪毛蒿A. scoparia
SI₂	37°50′ E；107°17′ N	1753.45	48.9	82.70	24.0	柠条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii、猪毛蒿A. scoparia、白草P. centrasiaticum

样地类型 Sample type	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	灌木生物量 Shrubs biomass （g·m^-2）	灌木盖度 Shrubs coverage （%）	草本生物量 Herbage biomass （g·m^-2）	草本盖度 Herbage coverage （%）	主要植物 Major plant species
EG	37°53′ E；107°14′ N	0	0	102.62	79.0	猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia、白草Pennisetum centrasiaticum、虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium、赖草Aneurolepidium dasystachys
SI₄₀	37°55′ E；107°21′ N	1166.69	7.1	85.34	76.2	柠条锦鸡儿Caragana korshinskii、猪毛蒿A. scoparia、牛枝子Lespedeza potaninii
SI₆	37°51′ E；107°22′ N	1199.97	29.7	93.11	42.2	柠条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii、牛枝子L. potaninii、沙生针茅Stipa breviflora、猪毛蒿A. scoparia
SI₂	37°50′ E；107°17′ N	1753.45	48.9	82.70	24.0	柠条锦鸡儿C. korshinskii、猪毛蒿A. scoparia、白草P. centrasiaticum

土壤特性 Soil properties	封育草地 Enclosed grassland	40 m灌丛地 Shrubland interval 40 m	6 m灌丛地 Shrubland interval 6 m	2 m灌丛地 Shrubland interval 2 m
pH	7.85±0.01a	7.79±0.00b	7.84±0.01a	7.81±0.00b
TC （g·kg^-1）	5.59±0.07c	7.64±0.21a	8.02±0.08a	7.08±0.06b
SOC （g·kg^-1）	3.80±0.15ab	3.69±0.17b	4.25±0.16a	4.22±0.05a
TN （g·kg^-1 ）	0.15±0.01a	0.15±0.01ab	0.11±0.00c	0.12±0.01bc
TP （g·kg^-1）	0.13±0.01b	0.16±0.01a	0.16±0.00a	0.17±0.00a
C/N	25.81±2.74b	25.12±1.15b	38.87±2.13a	35.94±2.84a
MBC （mg·kg^-1）	111.01±2.80b	49.35±2.73c	158.58±7.51a	69.11±12.92c
MBN （mg·kg^-1）	5.40±0.22a	3.79±0.30a	4.97±0.06a	4.32±1.32a
MBC/SOC	29.36±1.34b	13.38±0.29c	37.51±2.96a	16.44±3.26c
MBN/TN	35.89±2.82a	26.43±3.38a	44.84±2.28a	38.26±14.34a

土壤特性 Soil properties	封育草地 Enclosed grassland	40 m灌丛地 Shrubland interval 40 m	6 m灌丛地 Shrubland interval 6 m	2 m灌丛地 Shrubland interval 2 m
pH	7.85±0.01a	7.79±0.00b	7.84±0.01a	7.81±0.00b
TC （g·kg^-1）	5.59±0.07c	7.64±0.21a	8.02±0.08a	7.08±0.06b
SOC （g·kg^-1）	3.80±0.15ab	3.69±0.17b	4.25±0.16a	4.22±0.05a
TN （g·kg^-1 ）	0.15±0.01a	0.15±0.01ab	0.11±0.00c	0.12±0.01bc
TP （g·kg^-1）	0.13±0.01b	0.16±0.01a	0.16±0.00a	0.17±0.00a
C/N	25.81±2.74b	25.12±1.15b	38.87±2.13a	35.94±2.84a
MBC （mg·kg^-1）	111.01±2.80b	49.35±2.73c	158.58±7.51a	69.11±12.92c
MBN （mg·kg^-1）	5.40±0.22a	3.79±0.30a	4.97±0.06a	4.32±1.32a
MBC/SOC	29.36±1.34b	13.38±0.29c	37.51±2.96a	16.44±3.26c
MBN/TN	35.89±2.82a	26.43±3.38a	44.84±2.28a	38.26±14.34a

土壤胞外酶 Soil extracellular enzymes	封育草地 Enclosed grassland	40 m灌丛地 Shrubland interval 40 m	6 m灌丛地 Shrubland interval 6 m	2 m灌丛地 Shrubland interval 2 m
CBH	38.30±0.12a	21.62±0.84b	20.95±0.35b	18.56±0.28c
BXYL	20.32±2.95a	13.19±1.88b	11.08±0.77b	10.51±0.67b
BG	62.00±3.30a	38.75±3.12a	30.66±1.70b	31.84±0.76b
LAP	38.36±2.19a	23.66±3.07a	37.83±8.12a	24.81±2.64a
NAG	29.47±9.62a	41.41±1.22a	32.82±3.91a	31.60±3.72a
AKP	189.26±5.28a	99.28±6.11b	89.01±9.78b	66.82±1.56c