短期氮磷添加对呼伦贝尔辉河流域草地土壤温室气体排放的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2023110

草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 68-79.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023110

短期氮磷添加对呼伦贝尔辉河流域草地土壤温室气体排放的影响

曲艳¹(), 赵坤¹, 韩子晨¹, 吕世海², 沃强³, 戎郁萍¹()

^1.中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院，北京 100193
^2.中国环境科学研究院，北京 100012
^3.内蒙古辉河国家级自然保护区管理局，内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021100

收稿日期:2023-04-10 修回日期:2023-05-17 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2023-12-12
通讯作者: 戎郁萍
作者简介:E-mail： rongyuping@cau.edu.cn
曲艳（1994-），女，蒙古族，内蒙古赤峰人，在读博士。E-mail： 751881694@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“基于牧食行为的温带牧区草畜生产精准管控技术”(2021YFD1300503);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)

Effects of short-term nitrogen and phosphorus addition on soil greenhouse gas emissions under different moisture conditions in the Hui River Basin of Hulun Buir

Yan QU¹(), Kun ZHAO¹, Zi-chen HAN¹, Shi-hai LV², Qiang WO³, Yu-ping RONG¹()

^1.College of Grassland Science and Technology，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100193，China
^2.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences，Beijing 100012，China
^3.Inner Mongolia Huihe National Nature Reserve Administration，Hulun Buir 021100，China

Received:2023-04-10 Revised:2023-05-17 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2023-12-12
Contact: Yu-ping RONG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

养分添加会在很大程度上影响草地土壤温室气体排放，但不同水分条件草地土壤温室气体排放对养分添加的响应尚不明确。2021年在呼伦贝尔辉河流域利用裂区试验设计研究了季节淹水（PF）草地和河岸带边缘未曾淹没的干燥（NF）草地下氮（N）、磷（P）单独添加和氮磷共同添加（N+P）对土壤温室气体（CO₂、CH₄和N₂O）通量的影响。结果显示：1） NF草地在P添加下土壤CO₂排放量显著高于PF（P<0.05），NF草地在N+P添加下土壤CH₄排放量极显著高于PF（P<0.01）。NF草地在3种养分添加下均会显著提高土壤N₂O通量，分别提高了38.81%、90.09%、124.94%；2）养分添加可提高不同水分草地土壤温室气体累积排放量，且PF和NF草地不同组分土壤温室气体累积排放量最高值在养分添加下表现一致，其中N添加下土壤CO₂累积排放量最高，分别较CK提高了95.92%、49.01%。P添加下土壤CH₄累积排放量最高，分别较CK提高了190.64%、32.62%。而土壤N₂O累积排放量最大值出现在N+P添加下，均较CK提高了约3倍；3）在养分添加下NF草地全球增温潜势（GWP）高于PF草地，且NF和PF草地均在P添加下GWP最高，分别较CK提高了32.66%、178.69%；4）通过结构方程模型得出，水分条件对土壤CO₂和CH₄通量具有负效应，养分添加对其具有正效应，水分条件与养分添加对土壤N₂O通量均具有正效应。水分条件和养分添加主要通过影响土壤物理性质和养分含量进而影响土壤CO₂和CH₄通量，而水分条件和养分添加通过影响土壤物理性质和养分含量从而改变植物地上生物量最终影响土壤N₂O通量。

关键词: 土壤温室气体, 氮磷添加, 水分条件, 草甸草原, 辉河流域

Abstract:

The addition of nutrients as fertilizers greatly affects soil greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions in grassland， but the response of soil GHG emissions to nutrient addition in grasslands under different flooding conditions remains unclear. The effects of nitrogen （N）， phosphorus （P） and nitrogen plus phosphorus （N+P） on soil GHG fluxes （CO₂， CH₄， and N₂O） from seasonally flooded （PF） and non-flooded dry grassland （NF） at the edge of a riparian zone were investigated using a split-plot design in the Hulun Buir Hui River Basin in 2021. The results showed that： 1） The CO₂ emission from NF with P was significantly higher than that from PF with P （P<0.05）， and the CH₄ emission from NF with N+P was extremely significantly higher than that of PF with N+P （P<0.01）. Compared with N₂O fluxes from PF and NF without nutrient addition， those from PF and NF with N， P， and N+P were significantly increased by 38.81%， 90.09%， and 124.94%， respectively. 2） Nutrient addition increased the cumulative emissions of GHG from grassland soils with different moisture contents. The maximum cumulative GHG emissions were consistent in the PF and NF treatments after the addition of nutrients. The highest cumulative emissions of CO₂ from soil were in the N addition treatments， and were 95.92% and 49.01% higher in PF with N and NF with N， respectively， than in their respective controls. The highest cumulative emissions of CH₄ from soil were in the P addition treatments， and were increased by 190.64% and 32.62% in PF with P and NF with P， respectively， compared with their respective controls. The maximum cumulative emissions of N₂O from soil were in the N+P treatments， and were about three times higher than that in the control. 3） The global warming potential （GWP） of NF with added nutrients was higher than that of PF with added nutrients， and the GWP of NF and PF treatments was highest with P addition （32.66% and 178.69% higher than those of their respective controls， respectively）. 4） The structural equation model showed that flooding conditions negatively affected soil CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes， nutrient addition had a positive effect， and both flooding conditions and nutrient addition positively affected soil N₂O fluxes. Flooding conditions and nutrient addition affected soil CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes mainly by influencing soil physical properties and nutrient contents， and affected soil N₂O fluxes by influencing soil physical properties and nutrient contents and by changing the aboveground plant biomass.

Key words: soil greenhouse gases, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, flooding condition, meadow grassland, Hui River Basin

曲艳, 赵坤, 韩子晨, 吕世海, 沃强, 戎郁萍. 短期氮磷添加对呼伦贝尔辉河流域草地土壤温室气体排放的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(2): 68-79.

Yan QU, Kun ZHAO, Zi-chen HAN, Shi-hai LV, Qiang WO, Yu-ping RONG. Effects of short-term nitrogen and phosphorus addition on soil greenhouse gas emissions under different moisture conditions in the Hui River Basin of Hulun Buir[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(2): 68-79.

图/表 6

表1 氮磷添加对不同水分草地土壤理化性质的影响

Table 1 Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation on soil physical and chemical properties in grassland with different moisture contents

项目 Item	TLU		NA		TLU * NA
项目 Item	P	F	P	F	P	F
土壤全碳 Soil total carbon （TC， g·kg^-1）	**	54.78	**	15.25	**	7.40
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen （TN， g·kg^-1）	**	166.91	ns	0.70	ns	0.95
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus （TP， g·kg^-1）	**	102.58	ns	0.15	ns	0.14
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon （SOC， mg·kg^-1）	**	179.73	ns	0.32	ns	0.28
土壤铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen （NH₄⁺-N， mg·kg^-1）	**	39.97	**	9.07	**	11.39
土壤硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen （NO₃^--N， mg·kg^-1）	**	16.79	ns	0.21	ns	0.56
土壤速效磷 Available phosphorus （AP， mg·kg^-1）	**	10.20	**	29.30	**	30.77
土壤温度 Soil temperature （ST， ℃）	**	21.63	ns	0.09	ns	0.17
土壤水分 Soil water content （SW， %）	**	1478.15	*	2.86	**	5.41
土壤pH值 Soil pH value （pH）	**	197.49	ns	0.47	ns	0.51

表2 氮磷添加对不同水分草地地上生物量、地下生物量、凋落物生物量的影响

Table 2 Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation on aboveground biomass， belowground biomass， and litter biomass in grasslands with different moisture contents

处理 Treatment	地上生物量 Above ground biomass （AB， g·m^-2）		根系生物量 Root biomass （RB， g·m^-2）		凋落物生物量 Litter biomass （LB， g·m^-2）
处理 Treatment	P	F	P	F	P	F
TLU	**	11.63	ns	0.02	**	66.97
NA	ns	2.76	ns	0.76	ns	1.48
TLU * NA	ns	0.18	ns	0.61	ns	1.60

图1 氮磷添加对不同水分含量草地土壤温室气体通量的影响*：小写字母表示差异性显著（P<0.05）；**表示差异极显著（P<0.01）；ns表示差异不显著（P>0.05）。TLU：草地类型；NA：养分添加。PF：季节淹水草地；NF：河岸带边缘多年未淹没的干燥草地。下同。* lowercase letters indicate significant difference （P<0.05）； ** means the difference is very significant （P<0.01）； ns indicates no significant difference （P>0.05）. TLU： Land use type； NA： Nutrient addition. PF： Seasonal flooded grassland；NF： Dry grassland at the edge of a riparian zone that has not been flooded for many years. The same below.

Fig.1 Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in grassland with different moisture contents

图2 氮磷添加对不同水分含量草地土壤温室气体累积排放量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation on cumulative greenhouse gas emissions in grassland soils with different moisture contents

图3 氮磷添加对不同水分含量草地全球增温潜势（GWP）的影响

Fig.3 Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supplementation on global warming potential （GWP） of grassland with different moisture contents

图4 养分添加和水分条件调控下影响土壤温室气体排放的环境因子ST： Soil temperature； SWC： Soil water content； TC： Total carbon； TN： Total nitrogen； TP： Total phosphorus； SOC： Soil organic carbon； AP： Available phosphorus. AB： Aboveground biomass， LB： Litter biomass. CO2 flux：土壤CO2通量Soil CO2 flux，CH4 flux：土壤CH4通量 Soil CH4 flux，N2O flux：土壤N2O通量 Soil N2O flux.

Fig.4 Environmental factors of influencing soil greenhouse gas emission under nutrient addition regulation

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短期氮磷添加对呼伦贝尔辉河流域草地土壤温室气体排放的影响

Effects of short-term nitrogen and phosphorus addition on soil greenhouse gas emissions under different moisture conditions in the Hui River Basin of Hulun Buir

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