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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 73-83.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024037

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

施钾水平对北方风沙区油莎豆生长、块茎品质及产量的影响

曹秭琦1,2(), 赵小庆1,3, 张向前1,3, 伍建辉3, 张帆3, 刘丹3, 路战远1,3(), 任永峰1,3()   

  1. 1.内蒙古农牧业科学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010030
    2.中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,湖北 武汉 430062
    3.内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010030
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-27 修回日期:2024-03-16 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 路战远,任永峰
  • 作者简介:renyongfeng_1984@163.com
    . E-mail: lzhy281@163.com
    曹秭琦(1995-),男,新疆昌吉人,在读博士。E-mail: 1477665901@qq. com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0507602)

Effects of potassium application level on the growth, tuber quality, and yield of Cyperus esculentus in the Northern wind-sand area

Zi-qi CAO1,2(), Xiao-qing ZHAO1,3, Xiang-qian ZHANG1,3, Jian-hui WU3, Fan ZHANG3, Dan LIU3, Zhan-yuan LU1,3(), Yong-feng REN1,3()   

  1. 1.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010030,China
    2.Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Wuhan 430062,China
    3.College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010030,China
  • Received:2024-01-27 Revised:2024-03-16 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-10-09
  • Contact: Zhan-yuan LU,Yong-feng REN

摘要:

探究不同施钾水平对北方风沙区油莎豆生长、生理生化、块茎品质及产量的影响,将为油莎豆科学施钾提供理论依据和技术支撑。采用盆栽试验,以中油莎1号为供试材料,设置0(K0)、0.15(K1)、0.30(K2)和0.45 g·kg-1(K3)4个钾肥水平,对其生长、生理生化、块茎品质及产量进行了观测和分析。结果表明:与不施钾肥水平相比,施钾可以显著提高油莎豆株高、茎蘖数、单片叶面积、最大根长、根体积。在施钾量为0.15 g·kg-1(K1)时,乙酰辅酶A羧化酶、可溶性淀粉合成酶活性达到最大值,同时促进了块茎淀粉、粗脂肪的积累达到最大值,分别为229.03 mg·g-1、21.98%,但均与K2水平无显著差异。在施钾量为0.30 g·kg-1(K2)时,不饱和脂肪酸及总脂肪酸含量达到最大值,分别为16.53、20.07 g·100 g-1。总糖含量在施钾量为0.45 g·kg-1(K3)时达到最大值,为217.86 mg·g-1。油莎豆整株干重和产量随着施钾量的增加均有所增加,且在施钾0.45 g·kg-1(K3)水平下达到最大,但与K2无显著差异。因此,综合油莎豆品质、产量及养分利用率,认为施钾量为0.30 g·kg-1时,可促进北方风沙区油莎豆生长发育,提高其品质相关酶活性,促进品质形成,增加干物质积累及块茎产量。

关键词: 油莎豆, 钾肥, 盆栽, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In this study, the effects of the potassium (K) fertilizer application rate on the growth, physiology, biochemical indexes, tuber quality, and yield of Cyperus esculentus were determined, with an overall aim to provide theoretical support for the optimization of K fertilization for C. esculentus growing in the Northern Wind-Sand Area. A pot experiment with the C. esculentus cultivar Zhongyousha 1 was conducted in which K fertilizer was applied at four different levels: 0 (K0), 0.15 (K1), 0.30 (K2) and 0.45 g·kg-1 (K3). The growth, physiology, biochemical indexes, tuber quality, and yield were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the control (K0), all the treatments resulted in significantly increased values for plant height, tiller number, single leaf area, maximum root length, and root volume of C. esculentus. The highest activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and soluble starch synthas and the largest amount of starch and fat in tubers (229.03 mg·g-1 and 21.98%, respectively) were in the K1 treatment (K applied at 0.15 g·kg-1), but the values of these parameters were not significantly different from their respective values in the K2 treatment. The highest contents of unsaturated fatty acids and total fatty acids in the tubers (16.53 and 20.07 g·100 g-1, respectively) were in the K2 treatment. The highest total in the tubers sugar content (217.86 mg·g-1) was in the K3 treatment. The whole plant dry weight and yield of C. esculentus increased as the potassium application rate increased, and showed the highest values in the K3 treatment, but these values were not significantly different from those in the K2 treatment. Based on the quality, yield, and nutrient utilization rate of C. esculentus, we concluded that a K fertilizer application rate of 0.30 g·kg-1 can enhance its growth and development in the Northern Wind-Sand Area, improve the activities of enzymes and other indexes related to quality, and increase dry matter accumulation and tuber yield.

Key words: Cyperus esculentus, potassium fertilizer, potted, tuber yield, quality