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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 159-170.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024226

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

复合乳酸菌添加剂对低温环境下意大利黑麦草青贮发酵品质的影响

王思然1,2(), 刘蓓一1,2, 田吉鹏1,2, 程云辉1,2, 许能祥1,2, 张文洁1,2, 王欣1,2, 丁成龙1,2()   

  1. 1.江苏省农业科学院畜牧研究所,江苏 南京 210014
    2.农业农村部种养结合重点实验室,江苏 南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-11 修回日期:2024-09-12 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 丁成龙
  • 作者简介:E-mail: dingcl@jaas.ac.cn
    王思然(1992-),男,新疆哈密人,助理研究员,博士。E-mail: wangsiran@jaas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32301500);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(JATS[2023]398);农业农村部种养结合重点实验室开放课题基金(202303);江苏省大型科学仪器开放共享自主研究课题资助

Improvement in the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass silage by ensiling with combined lactic acid bacteria inoculants at low temperature

Si-ran WANG1,2(), Bei-yi LIU1,2, Ji-peng TIAN1,2, Yun-hui CHENG1,2, Neng-xiang XU1,2, Wen-jie ZHANG1,2, Xin WANG1,2, Cheng-long DING1,2()   

  1. 1.Institute of Animal Science,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China
    2.Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China
  • Received:2024-06-11 Revised:2024-09-12 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-03-20
  • Contact: Cheng-long DING

摘要:

环境温度对青贮发酵品质具有重要影响。在寒冷地区,低温是限制青贮发酵的一个关键因素,然而目前关于提高低温环境下青贮发酵品质的研究较少。本试验旨在研究从青藏高原分离筛选出的4株乳酸菌(乳酸片球菌LOG9、戊糖片球菌LO7、棒状乳杆菌亚种LM8、植物乳杆菌M1)特性,并评价它们在3种环境温度(10、15、25 ℃)下对意大利黑麦草青贮发酵品质的组合添加效果。对筛选得到的菌株进行形态学和生理生化指标检测,随后在不同环境温度下(10、15、25 ℃)将其分别组合(LO7+LM8、LO7+M1、LOG9+LM8、LOG9+M1)添加至意大利黑麦草中(添加量: 1×105 cfu·g-1鲜重),在实验室青贮罐(1 L)内发酵60 d后开启。4株菌株均可在5~20 ℃、pH 3.5~7.0、NaCl(3.0%、6.5%)条件下正常生长。青贮60 d后, 与不同温度下对照组相比,各组合添加剂均可明显改善意大利黑麦草青贮发酵品质, 显著提高乳酸含量和乳酸/乙酸(P<0.05),并显著降低pH、氨态氮含量和不良微生物数量(P<0.05)。在10和15 ℃环境温度下,与LO7+LM8/M1处理组相比,LOG9+LM8/M1处理组显著提高了乳酸含量和乳酸/乙酸(P<0.05),并显著降低了氨态氮含量(P<0.05)。相较于LOG9+M1处理组,LOG9+LM8处理组显著提高了乳酸含量和乳酸菌数量(P<0.05),并显著降低了氨态氮含量(P<0.05)。综合考虑, LOG9+LM8组最适宜作为提高低温环境下意大利黑麦草青贮发酵品质的复合乳酸菌添加剂。

关键词: 发酵品质, 复合乳酸菌添加剂, 意大利黑麦草, 青贮饲料, 低温

Abstract:

Temperature is an important factor affecting ensilage. In cold regions, low temperature can be an adverse environmental condition for ensiling. However, few studies have focused on improving the ensiling process at low temperature to enhance silage quality. The aims of this study were: 1) To characterize the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains Pediococcus acidilactici LOG9, Pediococcus pentosaceus LO7, Lentilactobacillus coryniformis subsp. LM8, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum M1, which were isolated from the Tibetan Plateau. 2) Determine the effect of adding combinations of these strains on the quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) silage produced at three temperatures (10, 15, 25 ℃). The isolated strains were subjected to morphological, physiological, and biochemical analyses. Four combined inoculants (LO7+LM8, LO7+M1, LOG9+LM8, and LOG9+M1) were added to Italian ryegrass (at 1×105 cfu·g-1 fresh weight). These mixtures were then ensiled for 60 days in laboratory silos (1 L) at different ambient temperatures (10, 15, 25 ℃). All the isolates were able to grow normally at 5-20 ℃, pH 3.5-7.0, with NaCl concentrations of 3.0% and 6.5% w/w. Compared with the three corresponding controls, all the combined LAB inoculants improved the quality of Italian ryegrass silage, as indicated by markedly higher (P<0.05) lactic acid (LA) contents, higher lactic acid/acetic acid (LA/AA), lower pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) contents, and lower counts of undesirable microorganisms. With ensilage at 10 and 15 ℃, LOG9+LM8/M1 inoculants performed better than the LO7+LM8/M1 inoculants, as demonstrated by the distinctly higher (P<0.05) LA contents and LA/AA, and lower NH3-N contents. Compared with the silage produced with LOG9+M1, that produced with LOG9+LM8 had significantly (P<0.05) higher LA contents and LAB counts, and lower NH3-N contents. Therefore, the combined inoculant LOG9+LM8 is recommended as the starter culture for producing Italian ryegrass silage at low temperature.

Key words: fermentation quality, combined lactic acid bacteria inoculant, Italian ryegrass, silage, low temperature