草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 28-40.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024342
原韶雨1,2(
), 韩诗卉1,2, 夏天1,2, 何宁波1,2, 张建杰1,2(
)
收稿日期:2024-09-03
修回日期:2024-11-11
出版日期:2025-07-20
发布日期:2025-05-12
通讯作者:
张建杰
作者简介:E-mail: zhangjianjie@yeah.net基金资助:
Shao-yu YUAN1,2(
), Shi-hui HAN1,2, Tian XIA1,2, Ning-bo HE1,2, Jian-jie ZHANG1,2(
)
Received:2024-09-03
Revised:2024-11-11
Online:2025-07-20
Published:2025-05-12
Contact:
Jian-jie ZHANG
摘要:
土壤pH是影响草地生态系统植物生长和土壤养分有效性的关键因素之一,施肥作为修复退化草地的重要措施,可能会对土壤pH造成影响。为了研究不同施肥措施对中国北方天然草地土壤pH的影响,进一步为修复退化草地的措施优化提供科学依据,本研究收集了2000-2024年公开发表的63篇文献,共包括461组数据,采用整合分析(Meta-analysis)方法,对施用化学氮肥、氮磷配施和有机肥对土壤pH的影响进行了定量分析,并使用随机森林方法明确了不同施肥措施对土壤pH影响的主控因素。结果表明:总体上,施用化学氮肥对土壤pH的降幅最大,为5.31%,并且随施肥强度及施肥年限的增加而增大;氮磷配施的降幅为2.92%;施用有机肥在整体上对土壤pH没有显著影响。土壤pH对不同施肥措施的响应在不同草地类型、气候条件和酸碱度土壤中存在显著差异;随机森林分析结果显示,施肥量、施肥年限、土壤初始pH和年均降水量是土壤pH对不同施肥措施响应的重要因素。其中,施肥量是施用化学氮肥影响土壤pH的主控因素,均方误差的增加百分比为52.40%;土壤初始pH是氮磷配施和有机肥影响土壤pH的主控因素,均方误差的增加百分比分别为22.80%与22.20%。本研究还发现,施用有机肥对土壤pH的总体影响不显著,但显著增加了酸性及中性土壤的pH,降低了碱性土壤的pH。因此,在今后可以通过施用有机肥、有机无机肥配施等措施来调控土壤pH,从而保证草地生态系统的稳定性。
原韶雨, 韩诗卉, 夏天, 何宁波, 张建杰. 中国北方天然草地土壤pH对不同施肥措施的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(7): 28-40.
Shao-yu YUAN, Shi-hui HAN, Tian XIA, Ning-bo HE, Jian-jie ZHANG. Responses of soil pH to different fertilization practices in natural grasslands of northern China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(7): 28-40.
图1 不同施肥强度下施肥方式对土壤pH的影响NF表示施用化学氮肥;NP表示氮磷配施;OF表示施用有机肥。a: ≤100 kg N·hm-2;b: 100~200 kg N·hm-2;c: >200 kg N·hm-2。点和误差线分别代表增加的百分数及其95%的置信区间,如果95%的置信区间没有包含横坐标零点,表示处理与对照差异显著。右侧数值代表样本数。下同。NF represents the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer; NP represents the combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus; OF represents the application of organic fertilizer. a: ≤100 kg N·ha-1; b: 100-200 kg N·ha-1; c: >200 kg N·ha-1. The dots and error bars represent the percentage increase and its 95% confidence interval, respectively. If the 95% confidence interval does not include the zero point on the x-axis, it indicates a significant difference between the treatment and the control. The numerical value on the right represents the number of samples. The same below.
Fig.1 The effects of various fertilization regimes on soil pH under different fertilization rates
图2 不同条件下施肥方式对土壤pH的影响n.a.代表缺少相应样本数 n.a. indicates the corresponding samples are missing.
Fig.2 The effects of various fertilization regimes on soil pH under various conditions
图3 各影响因素对土壤pH在不同施肥方式下响应的相对重要性排序“**”代表影响极显著,“*”代表影响显著。“**” stands for extremely significant effect, “*” stands for significant effect.
Fig.3 The relative importance ranking of various factors influencing the soil pH response to various fertilization regimes
图4 土壤pH对施用化学氮肥的响应与各影响因素的相关性
Fig.4 The correlation between soil pH response to chemical nitrogen fertilizer application and various influencing factors
图5 土壤pH对氮磷配施的响应与各影响因素的相关性
Fig.5 The correlation between soil pH response to combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus and various influencing factors
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