欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是

草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 227-238.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024347

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

不同混合比例和乳酸菌添加对全株玉米和大豆混合青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响

匡宗洋1(), 穆麟1, 魏岚1, 郭阳1, 胥贵1, 陈瑶1, 石雪云1, 魏仲珊2, 张志飞1()   

  1. 1.湖南农业大学农学院,湖南 长沙 410128
    2.湖南德人牧业科技有限公司,湖南 常德 415921
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09 修回日期:2024-10-31 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 张志飞
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: zhangzf@hunau.edu.cn
    匡宗洋(2000-),男,湖南永州人,在读硕士。E-mail: 1060476966@ qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2024ZYQ085)

Effects of different mixture ratios and lactic acid bacteria on the quality and aerobic stability of mixed silage made from whole maize (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) plants

Zong-yang KUANG1(), Lin MU1, Lan WEI1, Yang GUO1, Gui XU1, Yao CHEN1, Xue-yun SHI1, Zhong-shan WEI2, Zhi-fei ZHANG1()   

  1. 1.College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China
    2.Hunan Deren Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Ltd. ,Changde 415921,China
  • Received:2024-09-09 Revised:2024-10-31 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-04-03
  • Contact: Zhi-fei ZHANG

摘要:

本试验基于南方玉米和大豆带状间作栽培模式,旨在探究不同混合比例和乳酸菌添加对玉米和大豆混合青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响。将全株玉米和大豆分别刈割,粉碎后按比例进行添加剂混合青贮,设计双因素完全随机试验,因素A为玉米与大豆质量混合比例,分别为1∶0(A1)、2∶1(A2)、1∶1(A3)、1∶2(A4)和0∶1(A5);因素B为乳酸菌添加类型,分别为:布氏乳杆菌(LB)、植物乳杆菌(LP)、不添加乳酸菌(L0)。发酵60 d后分析营养品质、发酵品质和有氧稳定性。结果表明:不同混合比例和乳酸菌添加对玉米-大豆混合青贮的粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)含量、pH值、乳酸(LA)、乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)含量、氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)及有氧稳定时长均有极显著的交互作用(P<0.01)。A2和A3混合处理组的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)及乳酸含量显著优于其他3个混合处理组(P<0.05)。与L0组相比,LP组中除A4混合处理组外,其他混合处理组的乳酸含量显著增加(P<0.05),粗灰分含量显著降低(P<0.05),除A5混合处理组外,其他混合处理组的pH值显著降低(P<0.05);LB组中所有混合处理组的酸性洗涤木质素显著降低(P<0.05),A1、A2和A3混合处理组的乙酸含量显著增加(P<0.05),同时有氧稳定时长增加。将各混合青贮处理组的11项核心指标进行灰色关联分析表明,所有处理组中加权关联度排名前三的为:A2LP、A3LB和A1LP,青贮效果好。综上,建议南方地区全株玉米-大豆混合青贮中,全株大豆质量占比应小于等于全株玉米质量占比,并添加植物乳杆菌(LP)提高青贮发酵品质。

关键词: 混合青贮, 全株玉米, 全株大豆, 混合比例, 乳酸菌

Abstract:

Maize (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) are often grown with a strip intercropping cultivation mode in southern China. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different mixture ratios and the addition of lactic acid bacteria on the quality and aerobic stability of mixed silage made from whole maize and soybean plants. Whole plants of maize and soybean were harvested separately, crushed, and mixed at various proportions, and then additives were added before ensilage. A two-factor completely randomized experiment was conducted. Factor A was the ratio of maize to soybean (based on mass, in kg), with the following treatments 1∶0 (A1), 2∶1 (A2), 1∶1 (A3), 1∶2 (A4), and 0∶1 (A5). Factor B was the type of lactic acid bacteria added, with the following treatments: Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), and no Lactobacillus (L0). After 60 days of fermentation, the nutritional quality, fermentation quality, and aerobic stability of the silages were analyzed. The results showed that the effect of the interaction between the mixing ratio and the addition of lactic acid bacteria was extremely significant (P<0.01) for the contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, ether extract, and crude ash, the pH value, the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid, the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen ratio (NH3-N/TN), and the duration of aerobic stability of the maize-soybean mixed silages. The contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lactic acid were significantly higher in the A2 and A3 mixed treatment groups than in the other three mixed treatment groups (P<0.05). Compared with the L0 group, all treatments in the LP group, except for the A4 mixed treatment group, had significantly higher lactic acid contents (P<0.05) and significantly lower crude ash contents (P<0.05). Except for the A5 mixed treatment group, the other mixed treatment groups in the LP group had significantly lower pH values than those of the L0 group (P<0.05). Compared with the L0 group, all the mixed treatment groups in the LB group had significantly lower acid detergent lignin contents (P<0.05). The acetic acid content was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the A1, A2, and A3 mixed treatment groups than in the other groups, and the duration of aerobic stability was also longer. A grey relational analysis was conducted based on the 11 core indicators of each mixed silage treatment group. Among all the treatment groups, the top three in terms of a good ensilage effect as indicated by the weighted relational degrees were A2LP, A3LB, and A1LP. In conclusion, when making silage from whole maize and soybean, the mass proportion of soybean should be less than or equal to that of maize, and L. plantarum should be added to improve the fermentation quality.

Key words: mixed silage, whole-plant maize, whole-plant soybean, mixing ratio, lactic acid bacteria