草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 181-189.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025299
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
洪海洋1(
), 沙志行1(
), 姜明明2, 苏晓龙1, 任文义1, 孔伟豪1, 张力莉1, 徐晓锋1, 马玉林1(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-17
修回日期:2025-09-15
出版日期:2026-06-20
发布日期:2026-04-13
通讯作者:
马玉林
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: mayulin@nxu.edu.cn基金资助:
Hai-yang HONG1(
), Zhi-hang SHA1(
), Ming-ming JIANG2, Xiao-long SU1, Wen-yi REN1, Wei-hao KONG1, Li-li ZHANG1, Xiao-feng XU1, Yu-lin MA1(
)
Received:2025-07-17
Revised:2025-09-15
Online:2026-06-20
Published:2026-04-13
Contact:
Yu-lin MA
摘要:
本试验旨在探究玉米浆与乳酸菌协同发酵对玉米秸秆营养成分、发酵品质、瘤胃发酵参数及体外降解率的影响。试验以玉米秸秆作为研究对象,设置对照组(CON,不做任何处理)、乳酸菌组(CL,添加乳酸菌1.0×1011 CFU·g-1)、玉米浆组(CC,添加5%玉米浆)和玉米浆与乳酸菌协同发酵组(CCL,添加5%玉米浆和乳酸菌),水分含量调整为65%,每组设立4个重复,厌氧发酵56 d后对其营养成分、体外瘤胃发酵特性、体外消化率进行分析。结果表明:1)各处理组粗蛋白含量显著高于CON组(P<0.001);各处理组乙酸含量显著高于CON组(P<0.001),CL和CCL组的pH显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。2)各处理组体外发酵产生的氨态氮浓度显著高于CON组(P<0.05),CCL组体外发酵产生的乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。3)各处理组的体外干物质降解率显著高于CON组(P<0.001),CC和CCL组的体外粗蛋白降解率显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。综上所述,玉米浆与乳酸菌协同发酵有助于提高玉米秸秆的营养价值,改善玉米秸秆的发酵品质,提高营养物质的降解率。
洪海洋, 沙志行, 姜明明, 苏晓龙, 任文义, 孔伟豪, 张力莉, 徐晓锋, 马玉林. 玉米浆与乳酸菌协同发酵对玉米秸秆营养成分、瘤胃发酵特性及体外降解率的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(6): 181-189.
Hai-yang HONG, Zhi-hang SHA, Ming-ming JIANG, Xiao-long SU, Wen-yi REN, Wei-hao KONG, Li-li ZHANG, Xiao-feng XU, Yu-lin MA. Synergistic effects of added maize steep liquor and lactic acid bacteria during fermentation on the nutritional value, rumen fermentation characteristics, and in vitro degradability of maize stover[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(6): 181-189.
| 项目 Item | 养分含量 Nutrient content (%) |
|---|---|
| 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP) | 43.0 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 17.0 |
| 水溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) | 18.0 |
| 亚硫酸盐 Sulfites | 0.2 |
表1 玉米浆营养组成表(干物质基础)
Table 1 Nutrient composition of corn steep liquor (DM basis)
| 项目 Item | 养分含量 Nutrient content (%) |
|---|---|
| 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP) | 43.0 |
| 粗灰分 Ash | 17.0 |
| 水溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) | 18.0 |
| 亚硫酸盐 Sulfites | 0.2 |
| 原料 Ingredient | 含量 Content (%) | 营养水平 Nutrient level | 含量 Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米青贮 Corn silage | 45.06 | 净能 Net energy (NE,MJ·kg-1)2) | 5.94 |
| 苜蓿青贮 Alfalfa silage | 4.12 | 粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP,%) | 11.69 |
| 啤酒糟 Brewer’s grains | 1.53 | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF,%) | 30.74 |
| 压片玉米 Pressed corn | 22.50 | 钙 Ca (%) | 0.67 |
| 苜蓿 Alfalfa | 10.32 | 磷 P (%) | 0.28 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 14.30 | ||
| 甜菜颗粒 Beet granules | 2.00 | ||
| 小苏打 NaHCO3 | 0.17 | ||
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)
Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet (DM basis)
| 原料 Ingredient | 含量 Content (%) | 营养水平 Nutrient level | 含量 Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 玉米青贮 Corn silage | 45.06 | 净能 Net energy (NE,MJ·kg-1)2) | 5.94 |
| 苜蓿青贮 Alfalfa silage | 4.12 | 粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP,%) | 11.69 |
| 啤酒糟 Brewer’s grains | 1.53 | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF,%) | 30.74 |
| 压片玉米 Pressed corn | 22.50 | 钙 Ca (%) | 0.67 |
| 苜蓿 Alfalfa | 10.32 | 磷 P (%) | 0.28 |
| 预混料 Premix1) | 14.30 | ||
| 甜菜颗粒 Beet granules | 2.00 | ||
| 小苏打 NaHCO3 | 0.17 | ||
| 合计 Total | 100.00 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CL | CC | CCL | ||
| 干物质 Dry matter (DM,%) | 94.45±0.20 | 94.60±0.21 | 94.66±0.19 | 94.13±0.21 | 0.298 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF,%DM) | 85.63±0.01 | 85.18±0.02 | 85.68±0.02 | 83.59±0.03 | 0.824 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF,%DM) | 60.87±0.01ab | 59.69±0.01ab | 64.34±0.33a | 55.30±0.17b | 0.047 |
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP,%DM) | 3.18±0.13c | 4.34±0.18b | 5.60±0.10a | 5.99±0.25a | <0.001 |
| 粗灰分 Ash (%DM) | 8.14±0.18a | 7.47±0.26ab | 7.37±0.39ab | 6.65±0.16b | 0.014 |
表3 玉米浆与乳酸菌协同发酵对玉米秸秆营养成分含量的影响
Table 3 Effects of synergistic fermentation of corn steep liquor and lactic acid bacteria on nutrient content of corn stover
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CL | CC | CCL | ||
| 干物质 Dry matter (DM,%) | 94.45±0.20 | 94.60±0.21 | 94.66±0.19 | 94.13±0.21 | 0.298 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF,%DM) | 85.63±0.01 | 85.18±0.02 | 85.68±0.02 | 83.59±0.03 | 0.824 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF,%DM) | 60.87±0.01ab | 59.69±0.01ab | 64.34±0.33a | 55.30±0.17b | 0.047 |
| 粗蛋白质 Crude protein (CP,%DM) | 3.18±0.13c | 4.34±0.18b | 5.60±0.10a | 5.99±0.25a | <0.001 |
| 粗灰分 Ash (%DM) | 8.14±0.18a | 7.47±0.26ab | 7.37±0.39ab | 6.65±0.16b | 0.014 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CL | CC | CCL | ||
| 乙酸 Acetic acid (AA,mmol·L-1) | 4.37±0.09d | 14.60±0.56b | 6.17±0.85c | 16.46±0.28a | <0.001 |
| pH | 4.41±0.15a | 4.02±0.06bc | 4.30±0.11ab | 3.86±0.71c | 0.011 |
表4 玉米浆与乳酸菌协同发酵对玉米秸秆发酵品质的影响
Table 4 Effects of synergistic fermentation of corn steep liquor and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of corn stover
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CL | CC | CCL | ||
| 乙酸 Acetic acid (AA,mmol·L-1) | 4.37±0.09d | 14.60±0.56b | 6.17±0.85c | 16.46±0.28a | <0.001 |
| pH | 4.41±0.15a | 4.02±0.06bc | 4.30±0.11ab | 3.86±0.71c | 0.011 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CL | CC | CCL | ||
| pH | 5.90±0.07 | 5.98±0.02 | 6.01±0.93 | 6.05±0.62 | 0.478 |
| 氨态氮 Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N,mg·dL-1) | 11.07±0.13b | 15.51±0.72a | 14.79±0.49a | 15.75±0.95a | 0.003 |
| 微生物蛋白 Microbial protein (MCP,mg·mL-1) | 0.23±0.03 | 0.22±0.02 | 0.34±0.04 | 0.26±0.02 | 0.081 |
| 乙酸 Acetic acid (AA,mmol·L-1) | 45.52±0.83b | 45.78±1.53b | 45.49±0.19b | 50.32±1.02a | 0.025 |
| 丙酸 Propionic acid (PA,mmol·L-1) | 24.06±1.27a | 18.89±0.25b | 23.10±0.86a | 24.43±0.72a | 0.003 |
| 丁酸 Butyric acid (BA,mmol·L-1) | 7.79±0.29a | 6.70±0.15b | 7.91±0.05a | 8.04±0.43a | 0.027 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA,mmol·L-1) | 77.36±2.09b | 71.37±1.76c | 76.51±0.23b | 82.79±0.30a | 0.003 |
表5 玉米浆与乳酸菌协同发酵对玉米秸秆体外发酵特性的影响
Table 5 Effects of synergistic fermentation of corn steep liquor and lactic acid bacteria on in vitro fermentation characteristics of corn stover
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CL | CC | CCL | ||
| pH | 5.90±0.07 | 5.98±0.02 | 6.01±0.93 | 6.05±0.62 | 0.478 |
| 氨态氮 Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N,mg·dL-1) | 11.07±0.13b | 15.51±0.72a | 14.79±0.49a | 15.75±0.95a | 0.003 |
| 微生物蛋白 Microbial protein (MCP,mg·mL-1) | 0.23±0.03 | 0.22±0.02 | 0.34±0.04 | 0.26±0.02 | 0.081 |
| 乙酸 Acetic acid (AA,mmol·L-1) | 45.52±0.83b | 45.78±1.53b | 45.49±0.19b | 50.32±1.02a | 0.025 |
| 丙酸 Propionic acid (PA,mmol·L-1) | 24.06±1.27a | 18.89±0.25b | 23.10±0.86a | 24.43±0.72a | 0.003 |
| 丁酸 Butyric acid (BA,mmol·L-1) | 7.79±0.29a | 6.70±0.15b | 7.91±0.05a | 8.04±0.43a | 0.027 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸 Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA,mmol·L-1) | 77.36±2.09b | 71.37±1.76c | 76.51±0.23b | 82.79±0.30a | 0.003 |
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CL | CC | CCL | ||
| IVDMD | 32.21±0.83c | 38.36±0.63ab | 40.08±0.08a | 37.27±0.70b | <0.001 |
| IVNDFD | 17.55±2.10 | 20.76±4.60 | 19.92±10.91 | 20.98±11.57 | 0.786 |
| IVADFD | 18.73±2.78 | 21.92±4.31 | 20.98±1.29 | 12.12±4.70 | 0.131 |
| IVCPD | 8.48±1.79b | 8.61±2.38b | 38.30±5.07a | 33.35±5.00a | <0.001 |
表6 玉米浆与乳酸菌协同发酵对玉米秸秆瘤胃营养物质降解率的影响
Table 6 Effects of synergistic fermentation of corn steep liquor and lactic acid bacteria on nutrient digestibility of corn stover (%)
项目 Item | 组别 Group | P值 P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | CL | CC | CCL | ||
| IVDMD | 32.21±0.83c | 38.36±0.63ab | 40.08±0.08a | 37.27±0.70b | <0.001 |
| IVNDFD | 17.55±2.10 | 20.76±4.60 | 19.92±10.91 | 20.98±11.57 | 0.786 |
| IVADFD | 18.73±2.78 | 21.92±4.31 | 20.98±1.29 | 12.12±4.70 | 0.131 |
| IVCPD | 8.48±1.79b | 8.61±2.38b | 38.30±5.07a | 33.35±5.00a | <0.001 |
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