草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 193-206.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025319
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
刘璐瑶1,2(
), 崔东1,3(
), 刘淑琪1,3, 江智诚1,3, 吴昀昊1,3, 刘泽征1,3, 刘隽琦1,3
收稿日期:2025-08-05
修回日期:2025-09-20
出版日期:2026-08-20
发布日期:2026-06-22
通讯作者:
崔东
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: cuidongw@126.com基金资助:
Lu-yao LIU1,2(
), Dong CUI1,3(
), Shu-qi LIU1,3, Zhi-cheng JIANG1,3, Yun-hao WU1,3, Ze-zheng LIU1,3, Jun-qi LIU1,3
Received:2025-08-05
Revised:2025-09-20
Online:2026-08-20
Published:2026-06-22
Contact:
Dong CUI
摘要:
本研究以新疆伊犁苦豆子型退化草地土壤动物为对象,在以苦豆子为优势物种的自由放牧草地设置氮添加(N)、磷添加(P)、氮磷添加(NP)和未施氮磷(CK)控制试验,研究苦豆子成熟期-凋落期养分添加下土壤动物群落和土壤环境因子的响应及其关键驱动因子。结果表明:1)氮添加、磷添加和氮磷添加均降低了土壤动物密度和类群数。苦豆子成熟期,氮添加、磷添加和氮磷添加均降低了Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和丰富度指数;凋落期,氮添加、磷添加和氮磷添加均增加了Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数,降低了优势度指数;并显著降低了捕食性土壤动物个体数(P<0.05)。2)氮添加、磷添加、氮磷添加和对照土壤有机碳、全磷、铵态氮含量和土壤含水率在成熟期均高于凋落期。3)成熟期,土壤含水率、有机碳是影响土壤动物群落结构的主要环境因子;凋落期,pH值是影响土壤动物群落结构的主要环境因子。综上,养分添加、成熟期-凋落期与环境因子共同驱动苦豆子型退化草地土壤动物多样性及功能类群变化,对深入理解及管理伊犁退化草地生态系统具有重要意义。
刘璐瑶, 崔东, 刘淑琪, 江智诚, 吴昀昊, 刘泽征, 刘隽琦. 苦豆子成熟期-凋落期土壤节肢动物群落对氮磷输入的响应[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(8): 193-206.
Lu-yao LIU, Dong CUI, Shu-qi LIU, Zhi-cheng JIANG, Yun-hao WU, Ze-zheng LIU, Jun-qi LIU. Response of the soil arthropod community to nitrogen and phosphorus inputs during the maturity-senescence period of Sophora alopecuroides[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(8): 193-206.
类群 Taxa | 氮添加N | 磷添加P | 氮磷添加NP | 对照CK | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ni | Perc. | A | ni | Perc. | A | ni | Perc. | A | ni | Perc. | A | |
| 苦豆子成熟期Maturity stage of S. alopecuroides | ||||||||||||
| 胭螨科Rhodacaridae | 13 | 12.62 | +++ | 48 | 25.53 | +++ | 15 | 12.00 | +++ | 29 | 10.90 | +++ |
| 角绥螨科Antennoseiidae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 下盾螨科Hypoaspidae | 4 | 3.88 | ++ | 6 | 3.19 | ++ | 15 | 12.00 | +++ | 49 | 18.42 | +++ |
| 糙尾足螨科Trachyuropodidae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.06 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 17 | 6.39 | ++ | ||
| 裂胸螨科Aceosejidae | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.60 | ++ | 2 | 1.60 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| 派伦螨科Parholaspidae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.53 | + | 1 | 0.80 | + | 1 | 0.38 | + | |
| 尾足螨科Uropodidae | 0 | 0.00 | 22 | 11.70 | +++ | 1 | 0.80 | + | 17 | 6.39 | ++ | |
| 古甲螨科Palaeacaridae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.06 | ++ | 1 | 0.80 | + | 2 | 0.75 | + | |
| 奥甲螨科Oppiidae | 56 | 54.37 | +++ | 60 | 31.91 | +++ | 59 | 47.20 | +++ | 91 | 34.21 | +++ |
| 广缝甲螨科Cosmochthoniidae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 3 | 1.60 | ++ | 3 | 2.40 | ++ | 3 | 1.13 | ++ |
| 长单翼甲螨科Protoribatidae | 2 | 1.94 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | |||
| 懒甲螨科Nothridae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.13 | ++ | |||
| 缝甲螨科Hypochthoniidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | |||
| 步甲螨科Carabodidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.75 | + | |||
| 赤螨科Erythraeidae | 2 | 1.94 | ++ | 1 | 0.53 | + | 6 | 4.80 | ++ | 5 | 1.88 | ++ |
| 莓螨科Rhagidiidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 22 | 8.27 | ++ | |||
| 球角跳科Hypogastruridae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 棘跳科Onychiuridae | 3 | 2.91 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 长角跳科Entomobryidae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.60 | ++ | 1 | 0.38 | + | |
| 等节跳科Isotomidae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.06 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 1.50 | ++ | ||
| 叶蝉科Cicadellidae | 3 | 2.91 | ++ | 1 | 0.53 | + | 3 | 2.40 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | |
| 蚜总科Aphididae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.06 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | ||
| 蝉总科Cicadoidea | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.53 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | ||
| 蓟马科Thripidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.80 | + | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 隐翅虫科Staphylinidae | 2 | 1.94 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 步甲科Carabidae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.53 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 象甲科Curculionidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.80 | + | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 毛蚊科Bibionidae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 2 | 1.06 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | |
| 蚊科Culicidae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 4 | 2.13 | ++ | 3 | 2.40 | ++ | 1 | 0.38 | + |
| 瘿蚊科Cecidomyiidae | 2 | 1.94 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 蚁科Formicidae | 5 | 4.85 | ++ | 15 | 7.98 | ++ | 11 | 8.80 | ++ | 2 | 0.75 | + |
| 小蜂总科Chalcidoidea | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 2.13 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | ||
| 鞘翅目幼虫Coleoptera larvae | 5 | 4.85 | ++ | 8 | 4.26 | ++ | 1 | 0.80 | + | 11 | 4.14 | ++ |
| 苦豆子凋落期Senescence stage of S. alopecuroides | ||||||||||||
| 蜘蛛目Araneida | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 胭螨科Rhodacaridae | 6 | 5.56 | ++ | 5 | 3.31 | ++ | 9 | 7.83 | ++ | 15 | 7.21 | ++ |
| 下盾螨科Hypoaspidae | 11 | 10.19 | +++ | 17 | 11.26 | +++ | 13 | 11.30 | +++ | 29 | 13.94 | +++ |
| 糙尾足螨科Trachyuropodidae | 8 | 7.41 | ++ | 3 | 1.99 | ++ | 4 | 3.48 | ++ | 4 | 1.92 | ++ |
| 尾足螨科Uropodidae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.66 | + | 7 | 6.09 | ++ | 6 | 2.88 | ++ | |
| 裂胸螨科Aceosejidae | 6 | 5.56 | ++ | 4 | 2.65 | ++ | 1 | 0.87 | + | 3 | 1.44 | ++ |
| 派伦螨科Parholaspidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.87 | + | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 寄螨科Parasitidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 孔洞螨科Trematuridae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 古甲螨科Palaeacaridae | 5 | 4.63 | ++ | 2 | 1.32 | ++ | 4 | 3.48 | ++ | 2 | 0.96 | + |
| 礼服甲螨科Trhypochthoniidae | 1 | 0.93 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 奥甲螨科Oppiidae | 21 | 19.44 | +++ | 38 | 25.17 | +++ | 28 | 24.35 | +++ | 88 | 42.31 | +++ |
| 广缝甲螨科Cosmochthoniidae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 3.48 | ++ | 4 | 1.92 | ++ | |
| 长单翼甲螨科Protoribates | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae | 1 | 0.93 | + | 8 | 5.30 | ++ | 3 | 2.61 | ++ | 8 | 3.85 | ++ |
| 珠甲螨科Damaeidae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 2 | 1.32 | ++ | 2 | 1.74 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | |
| 步甲螨科Carabodidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 大翼甲螨科Galumnidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.44 | ++ | |||
| 耳头甲螨科Otocepheidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 赤螨科Erythraeidae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.32 | ++ | 1 | 0.87 | + | 1 | 0.48 | + | |
| 莓螨科Rhagidiidae | 6 | 5.56 | ++ | 16 | 10.60 | +++ | 14 | 12.17 | +++ | 17 | 8.17 | ++ |
| 吸螨科Bdellidae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.32 | ++ | 2 | 1.74 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| 粉螨科Acaridae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 29 | 19.21 | +++ | 1 | 0.87 | + | 0 | 0.00 | |
| 绒螨科Trombidiidae | 1 | 0.93 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 球角跳科Hypogastruridae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | ||
| 棘跳科Onychiuridae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 2.61 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| 长角跳科Entomobryidae | 5 | 4.63 | ++ | 5 | 3.31 | ++ | 3 | 2.61 | ++ | 10 | 4.81 | ++ |
| 等节跳科Isotomidae | 1 | 0.93 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 疣跳科Neanuridae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 粉蚧科Pseudococcidae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.66 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 象甲科Curculionidae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.66 | + | 3 | 2.61 | ++ | 2 | 0.96 | + | |
| 网蚊科Blephariceridae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.66 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 蚁科Formicidae | 23 | 21.30 | +++ | 7 | 4.64 | ++ | 5 | 4.35 | ++ | 1 | 0.48 | + |
| 啮虫科Psocidae | 1 | 0.93 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.87 | + | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| 地蜈蚣科Geophilidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 鞘翅目幼虫Coleoptera larvae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 3 | 1.99 | ++ | 5 | 4.35 | ++ | 5 | 2.40 | ++ |
| 双翅目幼虫Diptera larvae | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.99 | ++ | 1 | 0.87 | + | 1 | 0.48 | + | |
| 鳞翅目幼虫Lepidoptera larvae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.66 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
表1 养分添加对土壤动物个体数及所占比例的影响
Table 1 Response of soil fauna abundance and relative proportion to nutrient addition
类群 Taxa | 氮添加N | 磷添加P | 氮磷添加NP | 对照CK | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ni | Perc. | A | ni | Perc. | A | ni | Perc. | A | ni | Perc. | A | |
| 苦豆子成熟期Maturity stage of S. alopecuroides | ||||||||||||
| 胭螨科Rhodacaridae | 13 | 12.62 | +++ | 48 | 25.53 | +++ | 15 | 12.00 | +++ | 29 | 10.90 | +++ |
| 角绥螨科Antennoseiidae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 下盾螨科Hypoaspidae | 4 | 3.88 | ++ | 6 | 3.19 | ++ | 15 | 12.00 | +++ | 49 | 18.42 | +++ |
| 糙尾足螨科Trachyuropodidae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.06 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 17 | 6.39 | ++ | ||
| 裂胸螨科Aceosejidae | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.60 | ++ | 2 | 1.60 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| 派伦螨科Parholaspidae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.53 | + | 1 | 0.80 | + | 1 | 0.38 | + | |
| 尾足螨科Uropodidae | 0 | 0.00 | 22 | 11.70 | +++ | 1 | 0.80 | + | 17 | 6.39 | ++ | |
| 古甲螨科Palaeacaridae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.06 | ++ | 1 | 0.80 | + | 2 | 0.75 | + | |
| 奥甲螨科Oppiidae | 56 | 54.37 | +++ | 60 | 31.91 | +++ | 59 | 47.20 | +++ | 91 | 34.21 | +++ |
| 广缝甲螨科Cosmochthoniidae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 3 | 1.60 | ++ | 3 | 2.40 | ++ | 3 | 1.13 | ++ |
| 长单翼甲螨科Protoribatidae | 2 | 1.94 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | |||
| 懒甲螨科Nothridae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.13 | ++ | |||
| 缝甲螨科Hypochthoniidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | |||
| 步甲螨科Carabodidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.75 | + | |||
| 赤螨科Erythraeidae | 2 | 1.94 | ++ | 1 | 0.53 | + | 6 | 4.80 | ++ | 5 | 1.88 | ++ |
| 莓螨科Rhagidiidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 22 | 8.27 | ++ | |||
| 球角跳科Hypogastruridae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 棘跳科Onychiuridae | 3 | 2.91 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 长角跳科Entomobryidae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.60 | ++ | 1 | 0.38 | + | |
| 等节跳科Isotomidae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.06 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 1.50 | ++ | ||
| 叶蝉科Cicadellidae | 3 | 2.91 | ++ | 1 | 0.53 | + | 3 | 2.40 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | |
| 蚜总科Aphididae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.06 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | ||
| 蝉总科Cicadoidea | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.53 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | ||
| 蓟马科Thripidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.80 | + | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 隐翅虫科Staphylinidae | 2 | 1.94 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 步甲科Carabidae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.53 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 象甲科Curculionidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.80 | + | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 毛蚊科Bibionidae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 2 | 1.06 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | |
| 蚊科Culicidae | 1 | 0.97 | + | 4 | 2.13 | ++ | 3 | 2.40 | ++ | 1 | 0.38 | + |
| 瘿蚊科Cecidomyiidae | 2 | 1.94 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 蚁科Formicidae | 5 | 4.85 | ++ | 15 | 7.98 | ++ | 11 | 8.80 | ++ | 2 | 0.75 | + |
| 小蜂总科Chalcidoidea | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 2.13 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.38 | + | ||
| 鞘翅目幼虫Coleoptera larvae | 5 | 4.85 | ++ | 8 | 4.26 | ++ | 1 | 0.80 | + | 11 | 4.14 | ++ |
| 苦豆子凋落期Senescence stage of S. alopecuroides | ||||||||||||
| 蜘蛛目Araneida | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 胭螨科Rhodacaridae | 6 | 5.56 | ++ | 5 | 3.31 | ++ | 9 | 7.83 | ++ | 15 | 7.21 | ++ |
| 下盾螨科Hypoaspidae | 11 | 10.19 | +++ | 17 | 11.26 | +++ | 13 | 11.30 | +++ | 29 | 13.94 | +++ |
| 糙尾足螨科Trachyuropodidae | 8 | 7.41 | ++ | 3 | 1.99 | ++ | 4 | 3.48 | ++ | 4 | 1.92 | ++ |
| 尾足螨科Uropodidae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.66 | + | 7 | 6.09 | ++ | 6 | 2.88 | ++ | |
| 裂胸螨科Aceosejidae | 6 | 5.56 | ++ | 4 | 2.65 | ++ | 1 | 0.87 | + | 3 | 1.44 | ++ |
| 派伦螨科Parholaspidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.87 | + | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 寄螨科Parasitidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 孔洞螨科Trematuridae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 古甲螨科Palaeacaridae | 5 | 4.63 | ++ | 2 | 1.32 | ++ | 4 | 3.48 | ++ | 2 | 0.96 | + |
| 礼服甲螨科Trhypochthoniidae | 1 | 0.93 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 奥甲螨科Oppiidae | 21 | 19.44 | +++ | 38 | 25.17 | +++ | 28 | 24.35 | +++ | 88 | 42.31 | +++ |
| 广缝甲螨科Cosmochthoniidae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 3.48 | ++ | 4 | 1.92 | ++ | |
| 长单翼甲螨科Protoribates | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae | 1 | 0.93 | + | 8 | 5.30 | ++ | 3 | 2.61 | ++ | 8 | 3.85 | ++ |
| 珠甲螨科Damaeidae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 2 | 1.32 | ++ | 2 | 1.74 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | |
| 步甲螨科Carabodidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 大翼甲螨科Galumnidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.44 | ++ | |||
| 耳头甲螨科Otocepheidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 赤螨科Erythraeidae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.32 | ++ | 1 | 0.87 | + | 1 | 0.48 | + | |
| 莓螨科Rhagidiidae | 6 | 5.56 | ++ | 16 | 10.60 | +++ | 14 | 12.17 | +++ | 17 | 8.17 | ++ |
| 吸螨科Bdellidae | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 1.32 | ++ | 2 | 1.74 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| 粉螨科Acaridae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 29 | 19.21 | +++ | 1 | 0.87 | + | 0 | 0.00 | |
| 绒螨科Trombidiidae | 1 | 0.93 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 球角跳科Hypogastruridae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | ||
| 棘跳科Onychiuridae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 2.61 | ++ | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| 长角跳科Entomobryidae | 5 | 4.63 | ++ | 5 | 3.31 | ++ | 3 | 2.61 | ++ | 10 | 4.81 | ++ |
| 等节跳科Isotomidae | 1 | 0.93 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 疣跳科Neanuridae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 粉蚧科Pseudococcidae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.66 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 象甲科Curculionidae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.66 | + | 3 | 2.61 | ++ | 2 | 0.96 | + | |
| 网蚊科Blephariceridae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.66 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
| 蚁科Formicidae | 23 | 21.30 | +++ | 7 | 4.64 | ++ | 5 | 4.35 | ++ | 1 | 0.48 | + |
| 啮虫科Psocidae | 1 | 0.93 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.87 | + | 0 | 0.00 | ||
| 地蜈蚣科Geophilidae | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.48 | + | |||
| 鞘翅目幼虫Coleoptera larvae | 2 | 1.85 | ++ | 3 | 1.99 | ++ | 5 | 4.35 | ++ | 5 | 2.40 | ++ |
| 双翅目幼虫Diptera larvae | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 1.99 | ++ | 1 | 0.87 | + | 1 | 0.48 | + | |
| 鳞翅目幼虫Lepidoptera larvae | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.66 | + | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | |||
图2 养分添加对土壤动物种群平均密度和类群数的影响不同小写字母表示同一物候期不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示同一处理下成熟期与凋落期差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) among different treatments within the same phenological period, while different uppercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) between the maturity and senescence periods under the same treatment. The same below.
Fig.2 Effects of nutrient addition on the average density and number of groups of soil fauna
图4 养分添加对土壤动物功能类群个体数的影响Ph: 植食性Phytophages; Om: 杂食性Omnivores; Fu: 食真菌性Fungivores; Pr: 捕食性Predators; Sa: 腐食性Saprophages; 下同The same below.
Fig.4 Effects of nutrient addition on the abundance of soil fauna functional groups
图 6 土壤动物群落特征、功能类群个体数和环境因子的Pearson相关性分析*: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P <0.001; 红色代表正相关,蓝色代表负相关,圆圈越大颜色越深,则相关性越强Red denotes positive correlations, blue represents negative correlations, with larger and darker circles indicating stronger associations; Ind: 个体数Individual number; S: 类群数Number of groups; H': 香农威纳多样性指数Shannon-Wiener diversity index; D: Margalef丰富度指数Margalef richness index; E: Pielou均匀度指数Pielou evenness index; C: Simpson优势度指数Simpson dominance index; SOC: 有机碳Soil organic carbon; TN: 全氮Total nitrogen; TP: 全磷Total phosphorus; NH4+-N: 铵态氮Ammonium-nitrogen; pH: pH值pH value; AGB: 苦豆子地上生物量S. alopecuroides aboveground biomass; SMC: 土壤含水率Soil moisture content.下同The same below.
Fig. 6 Pearson correlation analysis of soil fauna community characteristics, abundance of functional groups, and environmental factors
图 7 苦豆子成熟期和凋落期土壤动物物种群落组成与环境因子的冗余分析Opp: 奥甲螨科Oppiidae; Hyp: 下盾螨科Hypoaspidae; Ent: 长角跳科Entomobryidae; For: 蚁科Formicidae; Col: 鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera; Cur: 象甲科Curculionidae; Cos: 广缝甲螨科Cosmochthoniidae; Rho: 胭螨科Rhodacaridae; Epi: 上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae; Rha: 莓螨科Rhagidiidae; Aca: 粉螨科Acaridae; Tra: 糙尾足螨科Trachyuropodidae; Uro: 尾足螨科Uropodidae; Ace: 裂胸螨科Aceosejidae; Pal: 古甲螨科Palaeacaridae; Dam: 珠甲螨科Damaeidae; Cic: 叶蝉科Cicadellidae; Cul: 蚊科Culicidae; Ery: 赤螨科Erythraeidae.
Fig.7 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil fauna community composition and environmental factors during the maturity and senescence periods of S. alopecuroides
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