草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 123-133.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025315
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
林平冬1(
), 缪伏荣1, 刘景1, 岳稳1, 陈鑫珠1,2(
)
收稿日期:2025-08-05
修回日期:2025-09-19
出版日期:2026-08-20
发布日期:2026-06-22
通讯作者:
陈鑫珠
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: 010622051@163.com基金资助:
Ping-dong LIN1(
), Fu-rong MIAO1, Jing LIU1, Wen YUE1, Xin-zhu CHEN1,2(
)
Received:2025-08-05
Revised:2025-09-19
Online:2026-08-20
Published:2026-06-22
Contact:
Xin-zhu CHEN
摘要:
为探究添加剂对茶渣青贮品质及微生物多样性的影响,本试验以茶渣作为基础原料,设置了6个添加剂处理组:乳酸菌单独处理组(T1组)、红糖单独处理组(T2组)、纤维素酶单独处理组(T3组)、乳酸菌+红糖组合处理组(T4组)、乳酸菌+纤维素酶组合处理组(T5组)、乳酸菌+红糖+纤维素酶组合处理组(T6组),以及无添加剂对照组(CK组)。每个处理组均设3个独立重复,青贮时间为30 d。青贮完成后,取样进行营养成分、发酵品质、抗营养因子等指标检测及微生物多样性分析。结果表明:1)添加剂处理显著提高了茶渣青贮的乳酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和植酸酶活性(P<0.05),同时显著降低了pH值、丙酸和植酸含量(P<0.05);与CK组相比,T4和T5组的干物质和总糖含量均显著增加(P<0.05),T1、T2及T5组的酸性洗涤纤维含量显著增加(P<0.05),T6组的总酚含量显著降低(P<0.05),T3组的单宁酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),T2、T4及T6组的挥发性脂肪酸含量均显著增加(P<0.05)。2)在微生物群落分析中,各组在门水平上的优势菌群为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门;在属水平上,优势菌群包括乳杆菌属(相对丰度20.0%~81.9%)、醋杆菌属(0.4%~24.7%)、双歧杆菌属(1.1%~16.7%)和芽孢杆菌属(7.0%~11.3%);与CK组相比,T1、T4及T5组的韦荣氏球菌属相对丰度明显降低,而T4组的Alpha多样性指数表现出显著差异(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加剂处理能够明显改善茶渣青贮品质,有效调整青贮发酵微生物群落结构,且多种添加剂组合处理效果显著优于单个添加剂处理,为茶渣资源化利用提供了实用参考。
林平冬, 缪伏荣, 刘景, 岳稳, 陈鑫珠. 不同添加剂对茶渣青贮品质和微生物多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(8): 123-133.
Ping-dong LIN, Fu-rong MIAO, Jing LIU, Wen YUE, Xin-zhu CHEN. Effects of additives on the quality and microbial diversity of tea residue silage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(8): 123-133.
| 项目Item | 含量Content (%) | 项目Item | 含量Content (%) | 项目Item | 含量Content |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 氨基酸Amino acid | 13.36 | 干物质Dry matter | 97.40 | 钙Ca (%) | 0.53 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 16.64 | 粗灰分Crude ash | 3.80 | 铅Pb (mg·kg-1) | 1.64 |
| 粗纤维Crude fiber | 36.40 | 总磷Total phosphorus | 0.14 | 砷As (mg·kg-1) | 0.07 |
| 粗脂肪Crude fat | 2.90 | 氯化物Chloride | 0.61 | 汞Hg (mg·kg-1) | 未检测到No detected |
表1 茶渣原料的主要营养成分
Table 1 Main nutritional components of tea residue raw materials
| 项目Item | 含量Content (%) | 项目Item | 含量Content (%) | 项目Item | 含量Content |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 氨基酸Amino acid | 13.36 | 干物质Dry matter | 97.40 | 钙Ca (%) | 0.53 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein | 16.64 | 粗灰分Crude ash | 3.80 | 铅Pb (mg·kg-1) | 1.64 |
| 粗纤维Crude fiber | 36.40 | 总磷Total phosphorus | 0.14 | 砷As (mg·kg-1) | 0.07 |
| 粗脂肪Crude fat | 2.90 | 氯化物Chloride | 0.61 | 汞Hg (mg·kg-1) | 未检测到No detected |
组别 Group | 干物质 DM (%) | 可溶性蛋白 SP (mg·g-1) | 可溶性糖 SS (mg·g-1) | 总糖 TS (mg·g-1) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%DM) | 半纤维素 HC (%DM) | 氨基酸总量 TAAC (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 21.20±0.10b | 29.60±1.57b | 3.94±0.24c | 25.05±1.62c | 51.32±1.45d | 29.33±1.58c | 22.00±0.13a | 20.92±1.30ab |
| T1 | 21.27±0.21b | 35.03±0.56a | 4.56±0.20c | 26.81±2.06bc | 55.87±2.04abc | 36.19±1.76ab | 19.68±0.41b | 18.17±3.96b |
| T2 | 21.70±0.40bc | 35.38±0.74a | 5.32±0.29b | 27.60±1.40bc | 57.66±1.66a | 36.99±1.28a | 21.22±0.83ab | 22.17±0.69ab |
| T3 | 21.50±0.36bc | 34.88±2.67a | 4.46±0.43c | 26.07±0.74bc | 53.46±1.33bcd | 32.24±1.81bc | 20.66±1.44ab | 19.42±3.70ab |
| T4 | 22.25±0.35a | 36.48±0.84a | 6.03±1.02ab | 32.42±2.50a | 53.44±0.27bcd | 32.57±1.46bc | 20.88±1.20ab | 22.78±0.24a |
| T5 | 22.30±0.10a | 34.70±0.60a | 5.56±0.43b | 34.11±2.16a | 56.67±3.10ab | 35.57±3.96ab | 21.10±0.92ab | 21.77±0.37ab |
| T6 | 21.97±0.2ab | 34.42±1.74a | 6.67±0.18a | 28.92±1.73b | 52.30±0.46cd | 32.24±1.25bc | 20.06±1.07ab | 18.07±0.89b |
表2 不同添加剂对茶渣青贮营养成分的影响
Table 2 Effects of various additive on nutritional composition of tea residue silage
组别 Group | 干物质 DM (%) | 可溶性蛋白 SP (mg·g-1) | 可溶性糖 SS (mg·g-1) | 总糖 TS (mg·g-1) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%DM) | 半纤维素 HC (%DM) | 氨基酸总量 TAAC (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 21.20±0.10b | 29.60±1.57b | 3.94±0.24c | 25.05±1.62c | 51.32±1.45d | 29.33±1.58c | 22.00±0.13a | 20.92±1.30ab |
| T1 | 21.27±0.21b | 35.03±0.56a | 4.56±0.20c | 26.81±2.06bc | 55.87±2.04abc | 36.19±1.76ab | 19.68±0.41b | 18.17±3.96b |
| T2 | 21.70±0.40bc | 35.38±0.74a | 5.32±0.29b | 27.60±1.40bc | 57.66±1.66a | 36.99±1.28a | 21.22±0.83ab | 22.17±0.69ab |
| T3 | 21.50±0.36bc | 34.88±2.67a | 4.46±0.43c | 26.07±0.74bc | 53.46±1.33bcd | 32.24±1.81bc | 20.66±1.44ab | 19.42±3.70ab |
| T4 | 22.25±0.35a | 36.48±0.84a | 6.03±1.02ab | 32.42±2.50a | 53.44±0.27bcd | 32.57±1.46bc | 20.88±1.20ab | 22.78±0.24a |
| T5 | 22.30±0.10a | 34.70±0.60a | 5.56±0.43b | 34.11±2.16a | 56.67±3.10ab | 35.57±3.96ab | 21.10±0.92ab | 21.77±0.37ab |
| T6 | 21.97±0.2ab | 34.42±1.74a | 6.67±0.18a | 28.92±1.73b | 52.30±0.46cd | 32.24±1.25bc | 20.06±1.07ab | 18.07±0.89b |
| 组别Group | pH | AN (%DM) | LA (%DM) | AA (%DM) | PA (%DM) | BA (%DM) | VFA (%DM) | LA/VFA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 4.29±0.02a | 0.14±0.00a | 0.47±0.06c | 1.65±0.21a | 0.59±0.11b | 0.53±0.08a | 3.24±0.36c | 17.70±2.75c |
| T1 | 4.27±0.03a | 0.16±0.03a | 0.53±0.15c | 1.81±0.05a | 0.82±0.06a | 0.55±0.02a | 3.71±0.16bc | 18.30±4.21c |
| T2 | 3.96±0.03d | 0.13±0.05a | 2.73±0.06a | 1.50±0.24a | 0.22±0.05c | 0.00±0.00c | 4.45±0.25ab | 64.67±3.92a |
| T3 | 4.26±0.01a | 0.17±0.02a | 0.50±0.10c | 1.91±0.34a | 0.83±0.23a | 0.32±0.28b | 3.64±0.58bc | 18.17±5.60c |
| T4 | 4.02±0.01c | 0.13±0.00a | 2.70±0.28a | 1.40±0.08a | 0.14±0.01c | 0.00±0.00c | 4.23±0.21ab | 65.85±3.61a |
| T5 | 4.19±0.01b | 0.15±0.03a | 1.13±0.06b | 1.64±0.20a | 0.19±0.03c | 0.00±0.00c | 3.01±0.23c | 40.27±2.77b |
| T6 | 3.90±0.03e | 0.12±0.02a | 3.00±0.26a | 1.39±0.14a | 0.19±0.02c | 0.00±0.00c | 4.58±0.26a | 68.27±3.52a |
表3 不同添加剂对茶渣青贮发酵品质的影响
Table 3 Effects of various additive on fermentation quality of tea residue silage
| 组别Group | pH | AN (%DM) | LA (%DM) | AA (%DM) | PA (%DM) | BA (%DM) | VFA (%DM) | LA/VFA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 4.29±0.02a | 0.14±0.00a | 0.47±0.06c | 1.65±0.21a | 0.59±0.11b | 0.53±0.08a | 3.24±0.36c | 17.70±2.75c |
| T1 | 4.27±0.03a | 0.16±0.03a | 0.53±0.15c | 1.81±0.05a | 0.82±0.06a | 0.55±0.02a | 3.71±0.16bc | 18.30±4.21c |
| T2 | 3.96±0.03d | 0.13±0.05a | 2.73±0.06a | 1.50±0.24a | 0.22±0.05c | 0.00±0.00c | 4.45±0.25ab | 64.67±3.92a |
| T3 | 4.26±0.01a | 0.17±0.02a | 0.50±0.10c | 1.91±0.34a | 0.83±0.23a | 0.32±0.28b | 3.64±0.58bc | 18.17±5.60c |
| T4 | 4.02±0.01c | 0.13±0.00a | 2.70±0.28a | 1.40±0.08a | 0.14±0.01c | 0.00±0.00c | 4.23±0.21ab | 65.85±3.61a |
| T5 | 4.19±0.01b | 0.15±0.03a | 1.13±0.06b | 1.64±0.20a | 0.19±0.03c | 0.00±0.00c | 3.01±0.23c | 40.27±2.77b |
| T6 | 3.90±0.03e | 0.12±0.02a | 3.00±0.26a | 1.39±0.14a | 0.19±0.02c | 0.00±0.00c | 4.58±0.26a | 68.27±3.52a |
组别 Group | CLa (μg·min-1·g-1) | TANa (μmol·min-1·g-1) | PAP (nmol·min-1·g-1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 1222.32±24.79a | 23.07±2.24c | 12.27±1.55e |
| T1 | 1196.37±97.98ab | 24.07±3.10c | 15.88±1.90de |
| T2 | 1229.03±29.78a | 27.52±1.67bc | 30.41±3.63b |
| T3 | 1149.60±28.31ab | 33.80±4.28a | 24.53±3.00bc |
| T4 | 1180.84±15.58ab | 25.66±0.49bc | 43.02±8.12a |
| T5 | 1119.13±42.30b | 30.88±3.95ab | 18.99±2.35cd |
| T6 | 1133.69±43.26ab | 29.35±3.75abc | 22.81±2.82c |
表4 不同添加剂对茶渣青贮水解酶活性的影响
Table 4 Effects of various additive on hydrolase activity in tea residue silage
组别 Group | CLa (μg·min-1·g-1) | TANa (μmol·min-1·g-1) | PAP (nmol·min-1·g-1) |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 1222.32±24.79a | 23.07±2.24c | 12.27±1.55e |
| T1 | 1196.37±97.98ab | 24.07±3.10c | 15.88±1.90de |
| T2 | 1229.03±29.78a | 27.52±1.67bc | 30.41±3.63b |
| T3 | 1149.60±28.31ab | 33.80±4.28a | 24.53±3.00bc |
| T4 | 1180.84±15.58ab | 25.66±0.49bc | 43.02±8.12a |
| T5 | 1119.13±42.30b | 30.88±3.95ab | 18.99±2.35cd |
| T6 | 1133.69±43.26ab | 29.35±3.75abc | 22.81±2.82c |
| 组别Group | 单宁Tannins | 植酸Phytic acid | 总酚Total phenol |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 3.50±0.03ab | 10.58±0.84a | 60.31±2.31a |
| T1 | 3.50±0.06ab | 8.35±0.37bc | 55.20±3.13ab |
| T2 | 3.43±0.05b | 9.58±0.45ab | 56.56±2.96ab |
| T3 | 3.54±0.03a | 8.44±0.84bc | 53.68±3.20bc |
| T4 | 3.50±0.04ab | 8.88±1.88bc | 55.86±3.90ab |
| T5 | 3.43±0.02b | 9.57±0.36ab | 59.43±0.57ab |
| T6 | 3.41±0.07b | 7.93±0.34c | 49.21±4.20c |
表5 不同添加剂对茶渣青贮抗营养因子及总酚含量的影响
Table 5 Effects of various additive on anti-nutritional factors and total phenol content in tea residue silage(mg·g-1)
| 组别Group | 单宁Tannins | 植酸Phytic acid | 总酚Total phenol |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 3.50±0.03ab | 10.58±0.84a | 60.31±2.31a |
| T1 | 3.50±0.06ab | 8.35±0.37bc | 55.20±3.13ab |
| T2 | 3.43±0.05b | 9.58±0.45ab | 56.56±2.96ab |
| T3 | 3.54±0.03a | 8.44±0.84bc | 53.68±3.20bc |
| T4 | 3.50±0.04ab | 8.88±1.88bc | 55.86±3.90ab |
| T5 | 3.43±0.02b | 9.57±0.36ab | 59.43±0.57ab |
| T6 | 3.41±0.07b | 7.93±0.34c | 49.21±4.20c |
图4 茶渣青贮菌群的主坐标分析CK1、CK2、CK3, T1.1、T1.2、T1.3, T2.1、T2.2、T2.3, T3.1、T3.2、T3.3, T4.1、T4.2、T4.3, T5.1、T5.2、T5.3, T6.1、T6.2、T6.3: 分别为CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,T6组的3个试验重复Denote the three replicates of the CK, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,T6 treatment group, respectively.
Fig.4 Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of bacterial community in the tea residue silage
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