[1] Van Auken O W. Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 2000, 31(1): 197-215. [2] Turnbull L, Brazier R E, Wainwright J, et al. Use of carbon isotope analysis to understand semi-arid erosion dynamics and long-term semiarid degradation. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2008, 22(11): 1697-1702. [3] D’Odorico P, Okin G S, Bestelmeye B T. A synthetic review of feedbacks and drivers of shrub encroachment in arid grasslands. Ecohydrology, 2012, 5(5): 520-530. [4] Peters D P C, Havstad K M, Archer S R, et al. Beyond desertification: New paradigms for dryland landscapes. Frontiers in Ecology and The Environment, 2015, 13(1): 4-12. [5] Bao X X, Yi J, Liu S R, et al. Effects of different grazing system on soil seed bank in typical steppe of Mongolian Plateau. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2010, 32(5): 66-72. 包秀霞, 易津, 刘书润, 等. 不同放牧方式对蒙古高原典型草原土壤种子库的影响. 中国草地学报, 2010, 32(5): 66-72. [6] Reyonlds J F, Virginia R A, Keep P R, et al. Impact of drought on desert shrubs: Effect of seasonality and degree of resource island development. Ecological Monographs, 1999, 69(1): 69-106. [7] Okin G S, Gillerre D A, Herrick J E. Multi-scale controls on and consequences of aeolian processes in landscape change in arid and semi-arid environments. Journal of Arid Environment, 2006, 65(2): 253-275. [8] Petrie M D, Collins S L, Swann A M, et al. Grassland to shrub land state transitions enhance car sequestration in the northern Chihuahuan desert. Global Change Biology, 2015, 21(3): 1226-1235. [9] Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Dryland Systems. World Resources Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA. 2005. [10] Ward D.The biology of deserts. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. [11] Merritt D J, Turner S R, Clarke S, et al. Seed dormancy and germination stimulation syndromes for Australian temperate species. Australian Journal of Botany, 2007, 55(3): 336-344. [12] Thompson K. Book reviews: seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. Journal of Ecology, 2010, 87: 174-175. [13] Heras M M, Turnbull L, Wainwright J. Seed-bank structure and plant-recruitment conditions regulate the dynamics of a grassland- shrubland Chihuahuan ecotone. Ecology, 2016, 97(9): 2303-2318. [14] Huxman T E, Wilcox B P, Scott R, et al. Woody plant encroachment and the water cycle: An ecohydrological framework. Ecology, 2005, 86: 308-319. [15] Eldridge D J, Bowker M A, Maestre F T, et al. Impacts of shrub encroachment on ecosystem structure and functioning: Towards a global synthesis. Ecology Letters, 2011, 14(7): 709-722. [16] Lewandrowski W, Erickson T E, Dixon K W, et al. Increasing the germination envelope under water stress improves seedling emergence in two dominant grass species across different pulse rainfall events. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 54(3): 997-1007. [17] Mulroy T W, Rundel P W. Annual plants: Adaptation to desert environments. Bioscience, 1977, 27(2): 109-114. [18] Bowers M A. Precipitation and the relative abundances of desert winter annuals: A 6-year study in the northern Mojave Desert. Journal of Arid Environment, 1987, 12(2): 141-149. [19] Potts D L, Scott R L, Bayram S, et al. Woody plants modulate the temporal dynamics of soil moisture in a semi-arid mesquite savanna. Ecohydrology, 2010, 3(1): 20-27. [20] Yan H, Liang C, Li Z, et al. Impact of precipitation patterns on biomass and species richness of annuals in a dry steppe. PLoS One, 2015, 10(4): 1-14. [21] Nardi A D, D’Antonio A C, Dawson T. Depth of water acquisition by invading shrubs and resident herbs in a Sierra Nevada meadow. Plant and Soil, 2006, 285(1/2): 31-43. [22] Li Q Y, Fang H Y. Study on soil seed bank of Nitraria sphaerocarpa coppice dune in a desert-oasis Marginal Zone. Arid Zone Research, 2008, 25(4): 502-506. 李秋艳, 方海燕. 荒漠绿洲边缘区泡泡刺灌丛土壤种子库研究. 干旱区研究, 2008, 25(4): 502-506. [23] Huang X Y, Wang K, Wang Y T, et al. Soil seed bank dynamics during natural restoration by fence in a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia. Acta Agerestia Sinica, 2011, 19(1): 38-42. 黄欣颖, 王堃, 王宇通, 等. 典型草原封育过程中土壤种子库的变化特征. 草地学报, 2011, 19(1): 38-42. [24] Puigdefábregas J. The role of vegetation patterns in structuring runoff and sediment fluxes in drylands. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2005, 30(2): 133-147. [25] Zhao Y N, Zhou Y R, Wang H M. Spatial heterogeneity of soil water content under introduced shrub (Caragana korshinskii) in desert grassland of the eastern Ningxia, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(11): 3577-3586. 赵亚楠, 周玉蓉, 王红梅. 宁夏东部荒漠草原灌丛引入下土壤水分空间异质性. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(11): 3577-3586. [26] Amiaud B, Touzars B. The relationships between soil seed bank, aboveground vegetation and disturbances in old embanked marshlands of western France. Flora, 2004, 199(1): 25-35. [27] Li X H, Li X L, Jiang D M, et al. Annual plant species in arid and semi-arid desert regions: A region. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2006, 25(7), 851-856. 李雪华, 李晓兰, 蒋德明, 等. 干旱半干旱荒漠地区一年生草本研究综述. 生态学杂志, 2006, 25(7): 851-856. [28] Gutterman Y. Environmental factors and survival strategies of annual plant species in the Negev Desert. Plant Species Biology, 2008, 25(2): 113-125. [29] Larson J E, Sheley R L, Hardegree S P, et al. Seed and seedling traits affecting critical life stage transitions and recruitment outcomes in dryland grasses. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 52(1): 199-209. [30] Stocker T F, Qin D, Plattner G K, et al. Climate change 2013: The physical science basis contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, 2013. [31] Zhao X Y, Ren J Z, Wang Y R, et al. Germination responses to temperature and moisture in seed from three species of Caragana. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2005, 25(2): 211-217. 赵晓英, 任继周, 王彦荣, 等. 3种锦鸡儿种子萌发对温度和水分的响应. 西北植物学报, 2005, 25(2): 211-217. [32] Yan J C, Liang C Z, Fu X Y. The responses of annual plant traits to rainfall variation in steppe and desert regions. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(1): 68-76. 闫建成, 梁存柱, 付晓玥. 草原与荒漠一年生草本性状对降水变化的响应. 草业学报, 2013, 22(1): 68-76. [33] White S R, Bork E W, Karst J, et al. Similarity between grassland vegetation and seed bank shifts with altered precipitation and clipping but not warming. Community Ecology, 2012, 13(2): 129-136. [34] Sotomayor D A, Gutierrez J R. Seed bank of desert annual plants along an aridity gradient in the southern Atacama coastal desert. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2015, 26(6): 1148-1158. [35] Mulhouse J M, Hallett L M, Collins S L. The influence of seasonal precipitation and grass competition on 20 years of forb dynamics in norther Chihuahuan desert grassland. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2016, 28: 250-259. [36] Walck J L, Hidayati S N, Dixon K W, et al. Climate change and plant regeneration from seed. Global Change Biology, 2011, 17(6): 2145-2161. [37] Zhao L Y, Li F R, Wang X Z. Characteristics of soil seed bank and standing vegetation change in sandy grasslands along a desertification gradient. Acta Ecologia Sinica, 2003, 23(9): 1745-1756. 赵丽娅, 李锋瑞, 王先之. 草地沙化过程地上植被与土壤种子库变化特征. 生态学报, 2003, 23(9): 1745-1756. [38] Wang Y R, Yang L, Hu X W. Seed dormancy release and soil seed bank of three arid desert plants under burial conditions. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(8): 774-780. 王彦荣, 杨磊, 胡小文. 埋藏条件下3种干旱荒漠植物的种子休眠释放和土壤种子库. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(8): 774-780. [39] Chen M C, Zhang J G, Feng L, et al. The composition and vertical distribution characteristics of soil seed banks in soil coverage with biocrusts in the Shapotou region. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(22): 7614-7623. 陈孟晨, 张景光, 冯丽, 等. 沙坡头地区生物结皮覆盖区土壤种子库组成及垂直分布特征. 生态学报, 2017, 37(22): 7614-7623. [40] Turnbull L, Wainwright J, Brazier R E. Changes in hydrology and erosion over a transition from grassland to shrubland. Hydrological Processes, 2010, 24(4): 393-414. [41] Villegas J C, Breshears D D, Zou C B, et al. Seasonally pulsed heterogeneity in microclimate: Phenology and cover effects along deciduous grassland-forest continuum. Vadose Zone Journal, 2010b, 9(3): 537-547. |