草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 81-89.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020464
收稿日期:
2020-10-14
修回日期:
2020-02-09
出版日期:
2021-11-11
发布日期:
2021-11-11
作者简介:
王飞(1976-),男,福建福州人,副研究员。E-mail: fjwangfei@163.com
基金资助:
Fei WANG(), Cai-ling LIU, Chun-mei HE, Qing-hua LI, Yu-jie LIU, Yi-bin HUANG
Received:
2020-10-14
Revised:
2020-02-09
Online:
2021-11-11
Published:
2021-11-11
摘要:
紫云英为南方稻区最主要的冬季绿肥作物。在紫云英生育期筛选磷、钾肥适宜配比,明确稻秆还田替代钾肥效果,可为福建稻区紫云英高效栽培与水稻化肥减施提供依据。田间条件下,磷肥(P2O5)设0、15、30 kg·hm-2 3个水平,钾肥(K2O)设0、15、30 kg·hm-2 以及稻秆半量还田替代4个水平,二者完全组合共12个处理,主要测定紫云英盛花期农艺性状、产量、养分含量及截获量。结果表明,与不施磷、钾肥处理(CK)相比,磷、钾肥不同配比的紫云英株高、茎粗、株数、总分枝数最大增幅分别为6.2%、5.9%、8.1%、6.5%,紫云英鲜草产量与干草产量分别增幅1.3%~12.8%与1.4%~15.1%,其中30 kg·hm-2磷肥与15 kg·hm-2钾肥配比,紫云英干草产量最高。30 kg·hm-2磷肥与30 kg·hm-2钾肥配比,氮、磷、钾养分截获总量最高,分别比CK提高19.2%、18.8%、25.9%,差异均显著。稻秆半量还田的紫云英增产与氮、磷、钾养分截获效果与15~30 kg·hm-2钾肥用量基本相当。磷、钾肥配施可改善紫云英生长性状并提高生物量和养分截获量,稻秆半量还田能够替代紫云英生育期钾肥施用量。综合产量、养分截获与化肥减施节本因素,福建稻区紫云英以15 kg·hm-2磷肥配施15 kg·hm-2钾肥(或稻秆半量还田替代钾肥)为较优配比。
王飞, 刘彩玲, 何春梅, 李清华, 刘玉洁, 黄毅斌. 适宜磷、钾肥配比及稻秆半量还田提高紫云英产量与养分截获[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(12): 81-89.
Fei WANG, Cai-ling LIU, Chun-mei HE, Qing-hua LI, Yu-jie LIU, Yi-bin HUANG. Appropriate ratios of phosphate and potassium fertilizers and 50% return of rice straw enhanced yield and nutrient capture of Chinese milk vetch[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(12): 81-89.
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 株数 Strains number (×104·hm-2) | 分枝数 Branches number (No.·plant-1) | 总分枝数 Total branches number (×104·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P0K0 | 115.5±1.8c | 5.11±0.14abcde | 281.3±6.3a | 1.03±0.05ab | 289.6±260.2a |
P0K15 | 119.1±2.7abc | 5.41±0.18a | 279.2±19.1a | 1.00±0.00b | 279.2±190.9a |
P0K30 | 122.7±9.1a | 5.30±0.10ab | 295.8±19.1a | 1.01±0.02ab | 300.0±250.0a |
P0KS | 117.0±2.9abc | 5.33±0.18a | 283.3±26.0a | 1.00±0.00b | 283.3±260.0a |
P15K0 | 119.0±8.0abc | 4.99±0.02bcde | 295.8±7.2a | 1.01±0.03ab | 300.0±248.3a |
P15K15 | 121.8±6.8ab | 5.17±0.30abcd | 304.2±26.0a | 1.01±0.02ab | 308.3±288.7a |
P15K30 | 117.3±5.1abc | 5.25±0.13abc | 291.7±43.9a | 1.01±0.03ab | 295.8±239.0a |
P15KS | 117.8±0.8abc | 5.13±0.08abcd | 283.3±57.7a | 1.05±0.09a | 295.8±205.2a |
P30K0 | 117.2±0.6abc | 4.94±0.40cde | 275.0±12.5a | 1.00±0.00b | 275.0±125.0a |
P30K15 | 117.2±1.1abc | 4.83±0.05de | 287.5±21.7a | 1.00±0.00b | 287.5±216.5a |
P30K30 | 116.2±2.0bc | 4.86±0.33de | 300.0±12.5a | 1.00±0.00b | 300.0±125.0a |
P30KS | 118.0±0.4abc | 4.79±0.33e | 275.0±21.7a | 1.00±0.00b | 275.0±216.5a |
表1 磷、钾肥不同配比下紫云英盛花期农艺性状
Table 1 Agronomic characteristics of Chinese milk vetch for different ratios of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at full-bloom stage
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 株数 Strains number (×104·hm-2) | 分枝数 Branches number (No.·plant-1) | 总分枝数 Total branches number (×104·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P0K0 | 115.5±1.8c | 5.11±0.14abcde | 281.3±6.3a | 1.03±0.05ab | 289.6±260.2a |
P0K15 | 119.1±2.7abc | 5.41±0.18a | 279.2±19.1a | 1.00±0.00b | 279.2±190.9a |
P0K30 | 122.7±9.1a | 5.30±0.10ab | 295.8±19.1a | 1.01±0.02ab | 300.0±250.0a |
P0KS | 117.0±2.9abc | 5.33±0.18a | 283.3±26.0a | 1.00±0.00b | 283.3±260.0a |
P15K0 | 119.0±8.0abc | 4.99±0.02bcde | 295.8±7.2a | 1.01±0.03ab | 300.0±248.3a |
P15K15 | 121.8±6.8ab | 5.17±0.30abcd | 304.2±26.0a | 1.01±0.02ab | 308.3±288.7a |
P15K30 | 117.3±5.1abc | 5.25±0.13abc | 291.7±43.9a | 1.01±0.03ab | 295.8±239.0a |
P15KS | 117.8±0.8abc | 5.13±0.08abcd | 283.3±57.7a | 1.05±0.09a | 295.8±205.2a |
P30K0 | 117.2±0.6abc | 4.94±0.40cde | 275.0±12.5a | 1.00±0.00b | 275.0±125.0a |
P30K15 | 117.2±1.1abc | 4.83±0.05de | 287.5±21.7a | 1.00±0.00b | 287.5±216.5a |
P30K30 | 116.2±2.0bc | 4.86±0.33de | 300.0±12.5a | 1.00±0.00b | 300.0±125.0a |
P30KS | 118.0±0.4abc | 4.79±0.33e | 275.0±21.7a | 1.00±0.00b | 275.0±216.5a |
处理 Treatment | 鲜草产量 Fresh yield | 干草产量 Dry yield |
---|---|---|
P0K0 | 35.98±2.46c | 4.36±0.28c |
P0K15 | 37.39±2.41abc | 4.48±0.23bc |
P0K30 | 38.97±3.53abc | 4.45±0.38bc |
P0KS | 39.40±3.40abc | 4.69±0.36abc |
P15K0 | 36.46±2.88bc | 4.42±0.48bc |
P15K15 | 39.20±5.74abc | 4.54±0.60abc |
P15K30 | 40.22±5.34a | 4.95±0.35ab |
P15KS | 40.58±6.46a | 4.80±0.21abc |
P30K0 | 37.22±3.40abc | 4.62±0.02abc |
P30K15 | 38.51±1.95abc | 5.02±0.21a |
P30K30 | 39.90±3.90ab | 4.71±0.24abc |
P30KS | 40.16±2.94a | 4.93±0.24ab |
表2 磷、钾肥不同配比下紫云英盛花期产量
Table 2 Yield of Chinese milk vetch for different ratios of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at full-bloom stage (t·hm-2)
处理 Treatment | 鲜草产量 Fresh yield | 干草产量 Dry yield |
---|---|---|
P0K0 | 35.98±2.46c | 4.36±0.28c |
P0K15 | 37.39±2.41abc | 4.48±0.23bc |
P0K30 | 38.97±3.53abc | 4.45±0.38bc |
P0KS | 39.40±3.40abc | 4.69±0.36abc |
P15K0 | 36.46±2.88bc | 4.42±0.48bc |
P15K15 | 39.20±5.74abc | 4.54±0.60abc |
P15K30 | 40.22±5.34a | 4.95±0.35ab |
P15KS | 40.58±6.46a | 4.80±0.21abc |
P30K0 | 37.22±3.40abc | 4.62±0.02abc |
P30K15 | 38.51±1.95abc | 5.02±0.21a |
P30K30 | 39.90±3.90ab | 4.71±0.24abc |
P30KS | 40.16±2.94a | 4.93±0.24ab |
用肥量 Fertilizer amount | 鲜草Fresh grass | 干草Dry grass | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
产量Yield (t·hm-2) | F | 产量Yield (t·hm-2) | F | |
P0 | 37.93a | 13.0** | 4.50b | 4.0 |
P15 | 39.11a | 4.68ab | ||
P30 | 38.95a | 4.82a | ||
K0 | 36.55b | 59.9** | 4.47b | 2.3 |
K15 | 38.37ab | 4.68ab | ||
K30 | 39.69a | 4.70ab | ||
Ks | 40.04a | 4.81a | ||
P×K | 0.1 | 0.8 |
表3 磷、钾不同施肥水平下紫云英草产量方差分析
Table 3 Analysis of variance of Chinese milk vetch yield under different conditions of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers
用肥量 Fertilizer amount | 鲜草Fresh grass | 干草Dry grass | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
产量Yield (t·hm-2) | F | 产量Yield (t·hm-2) | F | |
P0 | 37.93a | 13.0** | 4.50b | 4.0 |
P15 | 39.11a | 4.68ab | ||
P30 | 38.95a | 4.82a | ||
K0 | 36.55b | 59.9** | 4.47b | 2.3 |
K15 | 38.37ab | 4.68ab | ||
K30 | 39.69a | 4.70ab | ||
Ks | 40.04a | 4.81a | ||
P×K | 0.1 | 0.8 |
处理Treatment | N | P2O5 | K2O |
---|---|---|---|
P0K0 | 24.72±0.59de | 5.48±0.21abc | 27.84±4.10b |
P0K15 | 25.50±1.23cde | 4.76±0.75c | 28.75±2.85ab |
P0K30 | 27.43±1.76a | 5.95±0.54a | 32.47±4.67a |
P0KS | 26.18±1.31abcd | 5.32±0.58abc | 27.46±6.81b |
P15K0 | 27.40±0.89a | 5.63±0.42abc | 27.22±3.48b |
P15K15 | 25.71±1.67bcde | 5.59±0.44abc | 32.56±2.94a |
P15K30 | 25.86±1.64abcd | 5.56±0.19abc | 30.71±2.34ab |
P15KS | 26.38±1.14abc | 5.73±0.56ab | 29.54±5.52ab |
P30K0 | 26.06±2.09abcd | 5.90±0.88a | 29.32±1.57ab |
P30K15 | 24.17±0.19e | 4.89±0.39bc | 29.79±2.08ab |
P30K30 | 27.31±0.57ab | 6.03±0.26a | 32.70±1.31a |
P30KS | 26.40±1.03abc | 5.37±0.44abc | 28.03±1.18b |
表4 磷、钾肥不同配比下盛花期紫云英养分含量
Table 4 Nutrient content of Chinese milk vetch for different ratios of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (g·kg-1)
处理Treatment | N | P2O5 | K2O |
---|---|---|---|
P0K0 | 24.72±0.59de | 5.48±0.21abc | 27.84±4.10b |
P0K15 | 25.50±1.23cde | 4.76±0.75c | 28.75±2.85ab |
P0K30 | 27.43±1.76a | 5.95±0.54a | 32.47±4.67a |
P0KS | 26.18±1.31abcd | 5.32±0.58abc | 27.46±6.81b |
P15K0 | 27.40±0.89a | 5.63±0.42abc | 27.22±3.48b |
P15K15 | 25.71±1.67bcde | 5.59±0.44abc | 32.56±2.94a |
P15K30 | 25.86±1.64abcd | 5.56±0.19abc | 30.71±2.34ab |
P15KS | 26.38±1.14abc | 5.73±0.56ab | 29.54±5.52ab |
P30K0 | 26.06±2.09abcd | 5.90±0.88a | 29.32±1.57ab |
P30K15 | 24.17±0.19e | 4.89±0.39bc | 29.79±2.08ab |
P30K30 | 27.31±0.57ab | 6.03±0.26a | 32.70±1.31a |
P30KS | 26.40±1.03abc | 5.37±0.44abc | 28.03±1.18b |
用肥量 Fertilizer amount | N | P2O5 | K2O | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
含量 Content (g·kg-1) | F | 含量 Content (g·kg-1) | F | 含量 Content (g·kg-1) | F | |
P0 | 25.96a | 0.2 | 5.38a | 0.7 | 29.13a | 0.5 |
P15 | 26.34a | 5.63a | 30.01a | |||
P30 | 25.98a | 5.55a | 29.96a | |||
K0 | 26.06ab | 1.5 | 5.67a | 3.3 | 28.13b | 4.6* |
K15 | 25.13b | 5.08b | 30.37ab | |||
K30 | 26.86a | 5.84a | 31.96a | |||
Ks | 26.32a | 5.48ab | 28.34b | |||
P×K | 3.2* | 1.0 | 1.0 |
表5 磷、钾不同施肥水平下紫云英养分含量方差分析
Table 5 Analysis of variance of nutrient content of Chinese milk vetch under different conditions of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers
用肥量 Fertilizer amount | N | P2O5 | K2O | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
含量 Content (g·kg-1) | F | 含量 Content (g·kg-1) | F | 含量 Content (g·kg-1) | F | |
P0 | 25.96a | 0.2 | 5.38a | 0.7 | 29.13a | 0.5 |
P15 | 26.34a | 5.63a | 30.01a | |||
P30 | 25.98a | 5.55a | 29.96a | |||
K0 | 26.06ab | 1.5 | 5.67a | 3.3 | 28.13b | 4.6* |
K15 | 25.13b | 5.08b | 30.37ab | |||
K30 | 26.86a | 5.84a | 31.96a | |||
Ks | 26.32a | 5.48ab | 28.34b | |||
P×K | 3.2* | 1.0 | 1.0 |
处理Treatment | N | P2O5 | K2O |
---|---|---|---|
P0K0 | 107.8±4.4c | 23.9±0.6ab | 122.2±25.5de |
P0K15 | 114.2±1.3bc | 21.5±4.3b | 129.2±17.7bcde |
P0K30 | 121.8±7.4ab | 26.4±2.3ab | 145.5±29.9abcd |
P0KS | 122.6±3.4ab | 24.8±1.0ab | 128.1±27.5cde |
P15K0 | 121.0±10.4abc | 24.8±2.7ab | 121.3±26.3e |
P15K15 | 116.7±17.5abc | 25.5±5.1ab | 146.7±10.4abc |
P15K30 | 127.6±6.8ab | 27.5±1.7a | 152.4±22.4ab |
P15KS | 126.5±4.3ab | 27.4±2.2a | 140.9±20.4abcde |
P30K0 | 120.4±9.8abc | 27.2±4.0a | 135.4±7.9abcde |
P30K15 | 121.4±4.2abc | 24.6±2.9ab | 149.5±9.8abc |
P30K30 | 128.5±4.1a | 28.4±2.4a | 153.9±5.9a |
P30KS | 130.0±8.3a | 26.5±3.5ab | 138.2±12.0abcde |
表6 磷、钾不同施肥水平下养分截获总量
Table 6 Nutrient capture of Chinese milk vetch for different ratios of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (kg·hm-2)
处理Treatment | N | P2O5 | K2O |
---|---|---|---|
P0K0 | 107.8±4.4c | 23.9±0.6ab | 122.2±25.5de |
P0K15 | 114.2±1.3bc | 21.5±4.3b | 129.2±17.7bcde |
P0K30 | 121.8±7.4ab | 26.4±2.3ab | 145.5±29.9abcd |
P0KS | 122.6±3.4ab | 24.8±1.0ab | 128.1±27.5cde |
P15K0 | 121.0±10.4abc | 24.8±2.7ab | 121.3±26.3e |
P15K15 | 116.7±17.5abc | 25.5±5.1ab | 146.7±10.4abc |
P15K30 | 127.6±6.8ab | 27.5±1.7a | 152.4±22.4ab |
P15KS | 126.5±4.3ab | 27.4±2.2a | 140.9±20.4abcde |
P30K0 | 120.4±9.8abc | 27.2±4.0a | 135.4±7.9abcde |
P30K15 | 121.4±4.2abc | 24.6±2.9ab | 149.5±9.8abc |
P30K30 | 128.5±4.1a | 28.4±2.4a | 153.9±5.9a |
P30KS | 130.0±8.3a | 26.5±3.5ab | 138.2±12.0abcde |
用肥量 Fertilizer amount | N | P2O5 | K2O | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总量Total (kg·hm-2) | F | 总量Total (kg·hm-2) | F | 总量Total (kg·hm-2) | F | |
P0 | 116.6b | 13.0** | 24.1b | 8.5* | 131.3b | 7.5* |
P15 | 122.9ab | 26.3ab | 140.3ab | |||
P30 | 125.1a | 26.7a | 144.3a | |||
K0 | 116.4b | 14.4** | 25.3ab | 7.6* | 126.3c | 13.2** |
K15 | 117.4b | 23.9b | 141.8ab | |||
K30 | 126.0a | 27.4a | 150.6a | |||
Ks | 126.3a | 26.3ab | 135.8bc | |||
P×K | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
表7 不同施肥水平下紫云英养分截获总量方差分析
Table 7 Analysis of variance of nutrient capture of Chinese milk vetch for different ratios of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers
用肥量 Fertilizer amount | N | P2O5 | K2O | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总量Total (kg·hm-2) | F | 总量Total (kg·hm-2) | F | 总量Total (kg·hm-2) | F | |
P0 | 116.6b | 13.0** | 24.1b | 8.5* | 131.3b | 7.5* |
P15 | 122.9ab | 26.3ab | 140.3ab | |||
P30 | 125.1a | 26.7a | 144.3a | |||
K0 | 116.4b | 14.4** | 25.3ab | 7.6* | 126.3c | 13.2** |
K15 | 117.4b | 23.9b | 141.8ab | |||
K30 | 126.0a | 27.4a | 150.6a | |||
Ks | 126.3a | 26.3ab | 135.8bc | |||
P×K | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
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