草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 136-143.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020581
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
撖冬荣1,2(), 姚拓1,2(), 李海云1,2, 黄书超3, 杨琰珊1,2, 高亚敏1,2, 李昌宁1,2, 张银翠1,2
收稿日期:
2020-12-24
修回日期:
2021-01-27
出版日期:
2022-03-20
发布日期:
2022-01-15
通讯作者:
姚拓
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: yaotuo@gsau.edu.cn基金资助:
Dong-rong HAN1,2(), Tuo YAO1,2(), Hai-yun LI1,2, Shu-chao HUANG3, Yan-shan YANG1,2, Ya-min GAO1,2, Chang-ning LI1,2, Yin-cui ZHANG1,2
Received:
2020-12-24
Revised:
2021-01-27
Online:
2022-03-20
Published:
2022-01-15
Contact:
Tuo YAO
摘要:
为研究微生物肥料(MF)与化肥(CF)在多年生黑麦草上的最佳施用配比,通过盆栽试验探究了化肥减量20%和40%后分别与60、90、120、150、180 kg·hm-2微生物肥料配施对多年生黑麦草农艺性状、根系形态、营养品质和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示:80%CF配施90 kg·hm-2 MF,多年生黑麦草株高、分枝数和交叉数较对照分别提高12.35%、60.40%和85.10%,差异显著(P<0.05)。80%CF配施120 kg·hm-2 MF,茎粗、地上生物量、地下生物量、总根长、总根表面积、总根体积、根尖数、粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量分别较对照提高29.41%、16.84%、45.54%、21.15%、14.59%、166.67%、47.35%、5.71%和37.98%,差异显著(P<0.05);80%CF配施120 kg·hm-2 MF,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性分别较对照下降33.12%、10.66%和19.51%,丙二醛含量较对照降低14.54%(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,化肥减量20%配施90~120 kg·hm-2微生物肥料后对促进多年生黑麦草生长效果最佳。
撖冬荣, 姚拓, 李海云, 黄书超, 杨琰珊, 高亚敏, 李昌宁, 张银翠. 微生物肥料与化肥减量配施对多年生黑麦草生长的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(3): 136-143.
Dong-rong HAN, Tuo YAO, Hai-yun LI, Shu-chao HUANG, Yan-shan YANG, Ya-min GAO, Chang-ning LI, Yin-cui ZHANG. Effects of combined application of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the growth of Lolium perenne[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(3): 136-143.
菌株 Strains | 无机磷Inorganic phosphorus | 有机磷Organic phosphorus | 固氮能力 Nitrogenase activity (nmol·mg-1·h-1) | 分泌植物生长激素能力 Indole-3-acetic acid contents (μg·mL-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 溶磷能力 Solubilization capacity (μg·mL-1) | pH | 溶磷能力 Solubilization capacity (μg·mL-1) | |||
P2 | 6.23 | 173.64 | 7.31 | 25.50 | 25.38 | 41.04 |
P4 | 4.76 | 438.35 | 7.25 | 28.66 | 160.03 | 11.72 |
P19 | 6.07 | 254.02 | 7.34 | 35.46 | 864.97 | - |
P35 | 6.00 | 131.26 | 7.42 | 13.36 | 108.90 | - |
表1 植物根际促生菌菌株的促生长特性
Table 1 Growth promoting characteristics of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains
菌株 Strains | 无机磷Inorganic phosphorus | 有机磷Organic phosphorus | 固氮能力 Nitrogenase activity (nmol·mg-1·h-1) | 分泌植物生长激素能力 Indole-3-acetic acid contents (μg·mL-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | 溶磷能力 Solubilization capacity (μg·mL-1) | pH | 溶磷能力 Solubilization capacity (μg·mL-1) | |||
P2 | 6.23 | 173.64 | 7.31 | 25.50 | 25.38 | 41.04 |
P4 | 4.76 | 438.35 | 7.25 | 28.66 | 160.03 | 11.72 |
P19 | 6.07 | 254.02 | 7.34 | 35.46 | 864.97 | - |
P35 | 6.00 | 131.26 | 7.42 | 13.36 | 108.90 | - |
处理Treatment | 肥料组合Fertilizer combination |
---|---|
CK | MF(0)+100%CF(300) |
B1 | MF(60)+80%CF(240) |
B2 | MF(90)+80%CF(240) |
B3 | MF(120)+80%CF(240) |
B4 | MF(150)+80%CF(240) |
B5 | MF(180)+80%CF(240) |
C1 | MF(60)+60%CF(180) |
C2 | MF(90)+60%CF(180) |
C3 | MF(120)+60%CF(180) |
C4 | MF(150)+60%CF(180) |
C5 | MF(180)+60%CF(180) |
表2 试验处理详情
Table 2 Test treatment details
处理Treatment | 肥料组合Fertilizer combination |
---|---|
CK | MF(0)+100%CF(300) |
B1 | MF(60)+80%CF(240) |
B2 | MF(90)+80%CF(240) |
B3 | MF(120)+80%CF(240) |
B4 | MF(150)+80%CF(240) |
B5 | MF(180)+80%CF(240) |
C1 | MF(60)+60%CF(180) |
C2 | MF(90)+60%CF(180) |
C3 | MF(120)+60%CF(180) |
C4 | MF(150)+60%CF(180) |
C5 | MF(180)+60%CF(180) |
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (cm) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 地下生物量 Underground biomass (g·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 20.25±0.28d | 1.19±0.04bcd | 182.70±2.96cd | 7.29±1.10f |
B1 | 21.33±0.28b | 1.17±0.04cde | 173.26±2.02d | 8.47±0.58de |
B2 | 22.75±0.60a | 1.26±0.03bc | 178.00±2.44d | 8.12±0.29ef |
B3 | 20.88±0.63bc | 1.54±0.04a | 213.47±4.29a | 10.61±0.58a |
B4 | 20.33±0.27cd | 1.13±0.03de | 195.24±8.03bc | 8.25±1.09def |
B5 | 18.74±0.38ef | 1.09±0.04de | 179.08±1.43d | 7.98±1.33ef |
C1 | 19.23±0.34de | 1.06±0.02e | 172.26±4.54d | 8.56±0.98cde |
C2 | 17.56±0.63fg | 1.14±0.02de | 151.52±4.71e | 9.98±1.35ab |
C3 | 16.75±0.25g | 1.11±0.03de | 158.28±4.82e | 8.45±0.98de |
C4 | 20.60±0.40bc | 1.13±0.04de | 202.87±7.41ab | 9.54±1.40bc |
C5 | 17.58±0.29fg | 1.29±0.03b | 130.72±2.07f | 9.24±2.34bcd |
表3 多年生黑麦草农艺性状特征变化
Table 3 Changes in agronomic characteristics of perennial ryegrass
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (cm) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 地下生物量 Underground biomass (g·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 20.25±0.28d | 1.19±0.04bcd | 182.70±2.96cd | 7.29±1.10f |
B1 | 21.33±0.28b | 1.17±0.04cde | 173.26±2.02d | 8.47±0.58de |
B2 | 22.75±0.60a | 1.26±0.03bc | 178.00±2.44d | 8.12±0.29ef |
B3 | 20.88±0.63bc | 1.54±0.04a | 213.47±4.29a | 10.61±0.58a |
B4 | 20.33±0.27cd | 1.13±0.03de | 195.24±8.03bc | 8.25±1.09def |
B5 | 18.74±0.38ef | 1.09±0.04de | 179.08±1.43d | 7.98±1.33ef |
C1 | 19.23±0.34de | 1.06±0.02e | 172.26±4.54d | 8.56±0.98cde |
C2 | 17.56±0.63fg | 1.14±0.02de | 151.52±4.71e | 9.98±1.35ab |
C3 | 16.75±0.25g | 1.11±0.03de | 158.28±4.82e | 8.45±0.98de |
C4 | 20.60±0.40bc | 1.13±0.04de | 202.87±7.41ab | 9.54±1.40bc |
C5 | 17.58±0.29fg | 1.29±0.03b | 130.72±2.07f | 9.24±2.34bcd |
处理 Treatment | 总根长 Total root length (cm) | 总根表面积 Total root surface area (cm2) | 总根体积 Total root volume (cm3) | 根尖数 Root tips (No.) | 分枝数 Forks (No.) | 交叉数 Crossings (No.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 625.64±43.58bcd | 30.09±1.69bc | 0.48±0.10c | 4651.67±19.70d | 6926.33±13.57d | 1756.00±115.23bc |
B1 | 654.57±14.32abcd | 30.29±0.34bc | 0.61±0.09c | 4337.33±46.53d | 10411.67±127.38b | 3250.33±121.55a |
B2 | 615.21±18.82bcd | 30.04±0.55bc | 0.99±0.04ab | 6456.00±196.33a | 11109.67±377.93a | 3048.33±258.96a |
B3 | 757.96±18.18a | 34.48±0.57a | 1.28±0.05a | 6854.33±27.82a | 10456.00±176.50b | 2070.67±14.89b |
B4 | 674.02±46.71ab | 31.09±1.51abc | 1.05±0.20ab | 5376.67±12.71c | 6842.33±246.63d | 1733.67±21.17bc |
B5 | 658.14±20.23abc | 30.72±0.65abc | 0.73±0.06c | 5985.00±71.15b | 5774.33±127.82f | 1576.00±12.58cd |
C1 | 547.71±35.27cde | 27.21±1.62cd | 0.57±0.13bc | 3501.67±187.72e | 5893.67±11.89f | 1465.00±109.02cd |
C2 | 497.98±59.30e | 24.05±2.16d | 0.64±0.15c | 5933.67±206.65b | 6085.67±76.84ef | 1264.67±101.06e |
C3 | 472.28±52.72e | 27.97±1.26bc | 0.53±0.06c | 3173.67±63.30e | 6471.33±23.31de | 1802.33±133.04bc |
C4 | 537.99±25.59de | 28.85±0.49bc | 1.04±0.09ab | 5352.33±283.19c | 9664.00±179.97c | 2945.00±96.91a |
C5 | 649.70±19.76abcd | 31.26±0.20ab | 0.52±0.07c | 4812.00±246.87d | 5172.00±94.91f | 1436.00±135.77cd |
表4 多年生黑麦草根系形态特征变化
Table 4 Changes in root morphological characteristics of perennial ryegrass
处理 Treatment | 总根长 Total root length (cm) | 总根表面积 Total root surface area (cm2) | 总根体积 Total root volume (cm3) | 根尖数 Root tips (No.) | 分枝数 Forks (No.) | 交叉数 Crossings (No.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 625.64±43.58bcd | 30.09±1.69bc | 0.48±0.10c | 4651.67±19.70d | 6926.33±13.57d | 1756.00±115.23bc |
B1 | 654.57±14.32abcd | 30.29±0.34bc | 0.61±0.09c | 4337.33±46.53d | 10411.67±127.38b | 3250.33±121.55a |
B2 | 615.21±18.82bcd | 30.04±0.55bc | 0.99±0.04ab | 6456.00±196.33a | 11109.67±377.93a | 3048.33±258.96a |
B3 | 757.96±18.18a | 34.48±0.57a | 1.28±0.05a | 6854.33±27.82a | 10456.00±176.50b | 2070.67±14.89b |
B4 | 674.02±46.71ab | 31.09±1.51abc | 1.05±0.20ab | 5376.67±12.71c | 6842.33±246.63d | 1733.67±21.17bc |
B5 | 658.14±20.23abc | 30.72±0.65abc | 0.73±0.06c | 5985.00±71.15b | 5774.33±127.82f | 1576.00±12.58cd |
C1 | 547.71±35.27cde | 27.21±1.62cd | 0.57±0.13bc | 3501.67±187.72e | 5893.67±11.89f | 1465.00±109.02cd |
C2 | 497.98±59.30e | 24.05±2.16d | 0.64±0.15c | 5933.67±206.65b | 6085.67±76.84ef | 1264.67±101.06e |
C3 | 472.28±52.72e | 27.97±1.26bc | 0.53±0.06c | 3173.67±63.30e | 6471.33±23.31de | 1802.33±133.04bc |
C4 | 537.99±25.59de | 28.85±0.49bc | 1.04±0.09ab | 5352.33±283.19c | 9664.00±179.97c | 2945.00±96.91a |
C5 | 649.70±19.76abcd | 31.26±0.20ab | 0.52±0.07c | 4812.00±246.87d | 5172.00±94.91f | 1436.00±135.77cd |
处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP,%) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE,%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF,%) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF,%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 9.99±0.01f | 6.45±0.72bcd | 23.96±0.06cd | 39.06±0.72a |
B1 | 10.48±0.01de | 7.46±0.40ab | 24.44±0.10c | 37.31±0.40b |
B2 | 10.53±0.02de | 7.39±0.24abc | 22.28±0.07efg | 35.42±0.24cd |
B3 | 10.56±0.01d | 8.90±0.19a | 27.69±0.07b | 35.24±0.19cd |
B4 | 11.46±0.00b | 6.56±0.39bcd | 29.64±0.10a | 34.66±0.39d |
B5 | 12.08±0.01a | 6.82±0.79bcd | 21.81±0.57fg | 35.26±0.79cd |
C1 | 9.19±0.09g | 6.09±0.62bcd | 23.23±0.25cde | 28.90±0.62f |
C2 | 10.20±0.03e | 5.70±0.60bcd | 21.10±0.44gh | 28.11±0.60f |
C3 | 10.60±0.07d | 4.90±0.11d | 21.75±0.45fg | 36.27±0.11bc |
C4 | 10.99±0.01c | 6.22±0.13bcd | 20.10±0.84h | 32.34±0.13e |
C5 | 10.11±0.07ef | 5.37±0.10cd | 22.93±0.66def | 35.41±0.10cd |
表5 多年生黑麦草营养品质变化规律
Table 5 Changes in nutritional quality of perennial ryegrass
处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP,%) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (EE,%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF,%) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF,%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 9.99±0.01f | 6.45±0.72bcd | 23.96±0.06cd | 39.06±0.72a |
B1 | 10.48±0.01de | 7.46±0.40ab | 24.44±0.10c | 37.31±0.40b |
B2 | 10.53±0.02de | 7.39±0.24abc | 22.28±0.07efg | 35.42±0.24cd |
B3 | 10.56±0.01d | 8.90±0.19a | 27.69±0.07b | 35.24±0.19cd |
B4 | 11.46±0.00b | 6.56±0.39bcd | 29.64±0.10a | 34.66±0.39d |
B5 | 12.08±0.01a | 6.82±0.79bcd | 21.81±0.57fg | 35.26±0.79cd |
C1 | 9.19±0.09g | 6.09±0.62bcd | 23.23±0.25cde | 28.90±0.62f |
C2 | 10.20±0.03e | 5.70±0.60bcd | 21.10±0.44gh | 28.11±0.60f |
C3 | 10.60±0.07d | 4.90±0.11d | 21.75±0.45fg | 36.27±0.11bc |
C4 | 10.99±0.01c | 6.22±0.13bcd | 20.10±0.84h | 32.34±0.13e |
C5 | 10.11±0.07ef | 5.37±0.10cd | 22.93±0.66def | 35.41±0.10cd |
图 1 多年生黑麦草抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量变化特征不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),数据用平均值±标准误表示。
Fig.1 The change characteristics of antioxidant enzyme activity and malonaldehyde content of perennial ryegrassDifferent lowercase letters indicate significant differences in different treatment groups (P<0.05), the data are expressed by the mean±standard error.
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