草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 162-172.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022472
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
王钊1(), 刘静1, 于昊1, 李鹏2, 牛伟强2, 万永杰1, 张艳丽1, 茆达干1()
收稿日期:
2022-11-30
修回日期:
2023-01-12
出版日期:
2023-10-20
发布日期:
2023-07-26
通讯作者:
茆达干
作者简介:
E-mail: maodagan@njau.edu.cn基金资助:
Zhao WANG1(), Jing LIU1, Hao YU1, Peng LI2, Wei-qiang NIU2, Yong-jie WAN1, Yan-li ZHANG1, Da-gan MAO1()
Received:
2022-11-30
Revised:
2023-01-12
Online:
2023-10-20
Published:
2023-07-26
Contact:
Da-gan MAO
摘要:
本试验旨在研究日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育及肉品质的影响。60只4月龄健康湖羊公羊[(27.00±2.00) kg]随机分为4组(n=15,每组3个重复,每个重复5只羊),分别饲喂含蚕豆皮0%(对照组C)、10%(组Ⅰ)、20%(组Ⅱ)和30%(组Ⅲ)的日粮,试验期60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加不同比例的蚕豆皮组湖羊体重、平均日采食量和平均日增重均极显著提高(P<0.01);蚕豆皮组Ⅲ的胴体重(19.62±0.73 vs 17.75±0.86) kg和宰前活重(37.22±1.01 vs 34.76±0.71) kg极显著提高(P<0.01),眼肌面积显著提高(35.84±2.47 vs 27.84±0.13 cm2,P<0.05);肝脏重量有提高趋势(670.00±73.37 vs 588.00±49.87 g,P=0.071),瘤胃重量(659.40±66.44 vs 548.00±75.48) g和小肠重量(1107.80±150.56 vs 901.00±41.32) g显著提高(P<0.05);肌纤维横截面积极显著降低(584.67±32.01 vs 832.90±53.48 μm2,P<0.01),肌肉谷氨酸含量极显著提高(37.74±1.64 vs 13.19±3.38 mg·g-1,P<0.01),精氨酸含量(19.08±1.28 vs 11.25±2.39) mg·g-1和非必需氨基酸总量(118.44±1.98 vs 90.59±9.56) mg·g-1显著提高(P<0.05),缬氨酸含量(12.40±1.09 vs 7.98±1.61 mg·g-1,P=0.086)和必需氨基酸总量(135.25±3.51 vs 106.79±11.14 mg·g-1,P=0.071)有上升趋势。因此,日粮中添加蚕豆皮提高了湖羊的生长性能和屠宰性能,促进胃肠道发育,改善肌纤维特性和氨基酸组成,为蚕豆皮在湖羊生产中的合理应用提供科学依据。
王钊, 刘静, 于昊, 李鹏, 牛伟强, 万永杰, 张艳丽, 茆达干. 日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育和肉品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(10): 162-172.
Zhao WANG, Jing LIU, Hao YU, Peng LI, Wei-qiang NIU, Yong-jie WAN, Yan-li ZHANG, Da-gan MAO. Effects of dietary broad bean skin on growth rate, slaughter performance, organ development and meat quality of Hu sheep[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(10): 162-172.
项目 Items | 蚕豆皮添加比例 Broad bean skin addition ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 (C) | 10% (Ⅰ) | 20% (Ⅱ) | 30% (Ⅲ) | |
玉米 Corn (%) | 24.92 | 21.72 | 7.82 | 0.42 |
麸皮 Bran (%) | 8.33 | 11.43 | 26.63 | 33.83 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 15.00 | 15.10 | 13.80 | 13.60 |
预混料 Premix (%) | 2.90 | 3.90 | 3.00 | 2.40 |
小苏打 Baking soda (%) | 1.45 | 0.45 | 1.35 | 2.05 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 1.15 |
蚕豆皮 Broad bean skin (%) | 0.00 | 10.00 | 20.00 | 30.00 |
花生秧 Peanut seedling (%) | 5.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
青贮玉米秸 Silage corn stalks (%) | 12.60 | 12.60 | 15.60 | 12.60 |
木薯粉 Tapioca starch (%) | 22.65 | 17.66 | 6.95 | 0.00 |
豆渣 Bean dregs (%) | 6.29 | 6.29 | 4.00 | 3.95 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels | ||||
消化能 Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 12.53 | 12.68 | 12.66 | 12.79 |
粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) | 14.20 | 14.23 | 14.24 | 14.23 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 51.23 | 39.58 | 41.99 | 51.35 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%) | 39.23 | 23.31 | 26.21 | 29.23 |
钙Ca (%) | 0.40 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.41 |
磷P (%) | 0.58 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.68 |
表1 基础日粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)
Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (air-dry basis)
项目 Items | 蚕豆皮添加比例 Broad bean skin addition ratio | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 (C) | 10% (Ⅰ) | 20% (Ⅱ) | 30% (Ⅲ) | |
玉米 Corn (%) | 24.92 | 21.72 | 7.82 | 0.42 |
麸皮 Bran (%) | 8.33 | 11.43 | 26.63 | 33.83 |
豆粕 Soybean meal (%) | 15.00 | 15.10 | 13.80 | 13.60 |
预混料 Premix (%) | 2.90 | 3.90 | 3.00 | 2.40 |
小苏打 Baking soda (%) | 1.45 | 0.45 | 1.35 | 2.05 |
食盐 NaCl (%) | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 1.15 |
蚕豆皮 Broad bean skin (%) | 0.00 | 10.00 | 20.00 | 30.00 |
花生秧 Peanut seedling (%) | 5.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
青贮玉米秸 Silage corn stalks (%) | 12.60 | 12.60 | 15.60 | 12.60 |
木薯粉 Tapioca starch (%) | 22.65 | 17.66 | 6.95 | 0.00 |
豆渣 Bean dregs (%) | 6.29 | 6.29 | 4.00 | 3.95 |
合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
营养水平 Nutrient levels | ||||
消化能 Digestible energy (MJ·kg-1) | 12.53 | 12.68 | 12.66 | 12.79 |
粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) | 14.20 | 14.23 | 14.24 | 14.23 |
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 51.23 | 39.58 | 41.99 | 51.35 |
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%) | 39.23 | 23.31 | 26.21 | 29.23 |
钙Ca (%) | 0.40 | 0.37 | 0.40 | 0.41 |
磷P (%) | 0.58 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.68 |
项目Items | 时间Time (d) | 对照组Group C | 组Ⅰ Group Ⅰ | 组Ⅱ Group Ⅱ | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
体重BW (kg) | 1 | 27.37±0.90a | 27.35±0.88a | 27.33±0.84a | 27.30±0.85a |
30 | 32.94±1.68B | 35.04±2.38Aa | 35.24±0.96Aa | 35.67±1.71Aa | |
60 | 37.60±1.86B | 40.35±3.20Aa | 40.53±1.70Aa | 40.66±2.38Aa | |
平均日增重ADG (g·d-1) | 1~30 | 182.61±30.05B | 253.21±54.83Aa | 260.60±13.17Aa | 276.55±34.46Aa |
30~60 | 155.12±17.24a | 176.79±39.01a | 178.81±22.54a | 166.43±29.48a | |
1~60 | 168.87±18.69B | 215.00±40.88Aa | 219.70±14.61Aa | 221.49±34.30Aa | |
干物质采食量DMI (g·d-1) | 1~30 | 1638.27±103.75B | 1887.81±230.63Aa | 1808.80±217.52Aa | 1806.33±173.64Aa |
30~60 | 1763.55±85.94B | 1947.11±160.80Aa | 1934.84±150.64Aa | 1927.51±113.26Aa | |
1~60 | 1698.50±113.83C | 1916.32±200.45A | 1871.80±190.18AB | 1831.56±160.30B | |
料重比F/G | 1~30 | 9.51±1.61A | 8.22±2.95AB | 7.19±0.35Bb | 6.85±1.03Bb |
30~60 | 11.43±1.26a | 11.41±2.29a | 10.94±1.49a | 11.44±1.89a | |
1~60 | 10.48±1.72a | 9.82±3.06a | 9.06±2.18a | 9.15±2.78a |
表2 日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊生长性能的影响
Table 2 Effect of dietary broad bean skin on growth performance of Hu sheep
项目Items | 时间Time (d) | 对照组Group C | 组Ⅰ Group Ⅰ | 组Ⅱ Group Ⅱ | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
体重BW (kg) | 1 | 27.37±0.90a | 27.35±0.88a | 27.33±0.84a | 27.30±0.85a |
30 | 32.94±1.68B | 35.04±2.38Aa | 35.24±0.96Aa | 35.67±1.71Aa | |
60 | 37.60±1.86B | 40.35±3.20Aa | 40.53±1.70Aa | 40.66±2.38Aa | |
平均日增重ADG (g·d-1) | 1~30 | 182.61±30.05B | 253.21±54.83Aa | 260.60±13.17Aa | 276.55±34.46Aa |
30~60 | 155.12±17.24a | 176.79±39.01a | 178.81±22.54a | 166.43±29.48a | |
1~60 | 168.87±18.69B | 215.00±40.88Aa | 219.70±14.61Aa | 221.49±34.30Aa | |
干物质采食量DMI (g·d-1) | 1~30 | 1638.27±103.75B | 1887.81±230.63Aa | 1808.80±217.52Aa | 1806.33±173.64Aa |
30~60 | 1763.55±85.94B | 1947.11±160.80Aa | 1934.84±150.64Aa | 1927.51±113.26Aa | |
1~60 | 1698.50±113.83C | 1916.32±200.45A | 1871.80±190.18AB | 1831.56±160.30B | |
料重比F/G | 1~30 | 9.51±1.61A | 8.22±2.95AB | 7.19±0.35Bb | 6.85±1.03Bb |
30~60 | 11.43±1.26a | 11.41±2.29a | 10.94±1.49a | 11.44±1.89a | |
1~60 | 10.48±1.72a | 9.82±3.06a | 9.06±2.18a | 9.15±2.78a |
项目Items | 对照组Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ |
---|---|---|
宰前活重Live weight before slaughter (kg) | 34.76±0.71B | 37.22±1.01A |
胴体重Carcass weight (kg) | 17.75±0.86B | 19.62±0.73A |
屠宰率Slaughter rate (%) | 51.05±1.67a | 52.70±1.15a |
GR值GR value (mm) | 26.48±7.38a | 32.30±4.76a |
眼肌面积Eye muscle area (cm2) | 27.84±0.13b | 35.84±2.47a |
表3 日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊屠宰性能的影响
Table 3 Effects of dietary broad bean skin on slaughter performance of Hu sheep
项目Items | 对照组Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ |
---|---|---|
宰前活重Live weight before slaughter (kg) | 34.76±0.71B | 37.22±1.01A |
胴体重Carcass weight (kg) | 17.75±0.86B | 19.62±0.73A |
屠宰率Slaughter rate (%) | 51.05±1.67a | 52.70±1.15a |
GR值GR value (mm) | 26.48±7.38a | 32.30±4.76a |
眼肌面积Eye muscle area (cm2) | 27.84±0.13b | 35.84±2.47a |
项目 Items | 重量Weight (g) | 占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ | 对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ | |
心脏Heart | 136.20±5.12a | 148.00±20.45a | 0.39±0.02a | 0.40±0.06a |
肝脏Liver | 588.00±49.87a | 670.00±73.37a | 1.70±0.16a | 1.80±0.20a |
脾脏Spleen | 46.70±9.22a | 48.50±8.69a | 0.13±0.03a | 0.13±0.02a |
肺脏Lung | 335.00±30.54a | 358.80±66.53a | 0.96±0.08a | 0.97±0.18a |
肾脏Kidney | 101.60±14.06a | 110.60±11.06a | 0.29±0.04a | 0.30±0.03a |
表4 日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊器官发育的影响
Table 4 Effect of dietary broad bean skin on organ development of Hu sheep
项目 Items | 重量Weight (g) | 占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ | 对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ | |
心脏Heart | 136.20±5.12a | 148.00±20.45a | 0.39±0.02a | 0.40±0.06a |
肝脏Liver | 588.00±49.87a | 670.00±73.37a | 1.70±0.16a | 1.80±0.20a |
脾脏Spleen | 46.70±9.22a | 48.50±8.69a | 0.13±0.03a | 0.13±0.02a |
肺脏Lung | 335.00±30.54a | 358.80±66.53a | 0.96±0.08a | 0.97±0.18a |
肾脏Kidney | 101.60±14.06a | 110.60±11.06a | 0.29±0.04a | 0.30±0.03a |
项目 Items | 重量Weight (g) | 占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ | 对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ | |
瘤胃Rumen | 548.00±75.48b | 659.40±66.44a | 1.58±0.24a | 1.77±0.18a |
网胃Reticulum | 85.66±11.64a | 96.90±7.39a | 0.25±0.03a | 0.26±0.02a |
瓣胃Omasum | 82.00±20.13a | 89.28±25.13a | 0.24±0.06a | 0.24±0.07a |
皱胃Abomasum | 122.80±16.12a | 158.00±37.30a | 0.35±0.05a | 0.42±0.10a |
小肠Small intestine | 901.00±41.32b | 1107.80±150.56a | 2.66±0.08a | 2.79±0.13a |
大肠Large intestine | 1164.40±188.80a | 998.00±134.94a | 3.12±0.23a | 2.83±0.20a |
表5 日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊胃肠道发育的影响
Table 5 Effect of dietary broad bean skin on gastrointestinal development of Hu sheep
项目 Items | 重量Weight (g) | 占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ | 对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ | |
瘤胃Rumen | 548.00±75.48b | 659.40±66.44a | 1.58±0.24a | 1.77±0.18a |
网胃Reticulum | 85.66±11.64a | 96.90±7.39a | 0.25±0.03a | 0.26±0.02a |
瓣胃Omasum | 82.00±20.13a | 89.28±25.13a | 0.24±0.06a | 0.24±0.07a |
皱胃Abomasum | 122.80±16.12a | 158.00±37.30a | 0.35±0.05a | 0.42±0.10a |
小肠Small intestine | 901.00±41.32b | 1107.80±150.56a | 2.66±0.08a | 2.79±0.13a |
大肠Large intestine | 1164.40±188.80a | 998.00±134.94a | 3.12±0.23a | 2.83±0.20a |
项目Items | 对照组Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ |
---|---|---|
pH45 min | 7.03±0.25a | 7.07±0.16a |
pH24 h | 6.27±0.36a | 6.27±0.23a |
亮度Lightness (L*) | 52.54±1.80a | 50.82±1.74a |
红度Redness (a*) | 17.16±1.88a | 17.70±3.02a |
黄度Yellowness (b*) | 11.56±1.99a | 11.26±1.38a |
剪切力Shear force (kg) | 1.91±0.06a | 1.97±0.02a |
失水率Water loss rate (%) | 3.78±0.36a | 3.30±0.23a |
表6 日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊肌肉品质的影响
Table 6 Effect of dietary broad bean skin on muscle quality of Hu sheep
项目Items | 对照组Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ |
---|---|---|
pH45 min | 7.03±0.25a | 7.07±0.16a |
pH24 h | 6.27±0.36a | 6.27±0.23a |
亮度Lightness (L*) | 52.54±1.80a | 50.82±1.74a |
红度Redness (a*) | 17.16±1.88a | 17.70±3.02a |
黄度Yellowness (b*) | 11.56±1.99a | 11.26±1.38a |
剪切力Shear force (kg) | 1.91±0.06a | 1.97±0.02a |
失水率Water loss rate (%) | 3.78±0.36a | 3.30±0.23a |
项目 Items | 对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ |
---|---|---|
横截面积Cross-sectional area (μm2) | 832.90±53.48A | 584.67±32.01B |
直径Diameter (μm) | 30.77±1.87a | 27.55±1.23a |
密度Density (piece·mm-2) | 80.92±7.35a | 95.12±1.73a |
表7 日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊肌纤维特性的影响
Table 7 Effect of dietary broad bean skin on muscle fiber of Hu sheep
项目 Items | 对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ |
---|---|---|
横截面积Cross-sectional area (μm2) | 832.90±53.48A | 584.67±32.01B |
直径Diameter (μm) | 30.77±1.87a | 27.55±1.23a |
密度Density (piece·mm-2) | 80.92±7.35a | 95.12±1.73a |
项目 Items | 指标 Indicator | 对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ | 项目 Items | 指标 Indicator | 对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EAA | 苏氨酸Threonine | 8.00±1.90a | 9.77±1.31a | NEAA | 丝氨酸Serine | 8.91±1.47a | 9.03±1.89a |
缬氨酸Valine | 7.98±1.61a | 12.40±1.09a | 谷氨酸Glutamic acid | 13.19±3.38B | 37.74±1.64A | ||
蛋氨酸Methionine | 8.11±0.67a | 7.31±0.61a | 甘氨酸Glycine | 9.84±2.01a | 12.34±0.96a | ||
异亮氨酸Isoleucine | 12.00±1.21a | 13.37±1.03a | 丙氨酸Alanine | 8.15±1.23a | 11.02±1.42a | ||
亮氨酸Leucine | 17.92±3.80a | 24.33±1.90a | 脯氨酸Proline | 6.41±1.27a | 5.86±1.28a | ||
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 11.26±0.46a | 11.43±0.88a | 酪氨酸Tyrosine | 10.47±0.66a | 10.03±0.75a | ||
赖氨酸Lysine | 19.19±3.99a | 25.96±1.93a | 天冬氨酸Aspartic acid | 11.56±2.34a | 15.12±2.99a | ||
组氨酸Histidine | 9.76±0.53a | 9.45±0.64a | 胱氨酸Cystine | 1.10±0.29a | 1.93±0.36a | ||
精氨酸Arginine | 11.25±2.39b | 19.08±1.28a | 合计Total | 90.59±9.56b | 118.44±1.98a | ||
合计 Total | 106.79±11.14a | 135.25±3.51a |
表8 日粮添加蚕豆皮对湖羊肌肉氨基酸组成的影响(鲜样基础)
Table 8 Effect of dietary broad bean skin on muscle amino acid composition in Hu sheep (fresh basis, mg·g-1)
项目 Items | 指标 Indicator | 对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ | 项目 Items | 指标 Indicator | 对照组 Group C | 组Ⅲ Group Ⅲ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EAA | 苏氨酸Threonine | 8.00±1.90a | 9.77±1.31a | NEAA | 丝氨酸Serine | 8.91±1.47a | 9.03±1.89a |
缬氨酸Valine | 7.98±1.61a | 12.40±1.09a | 谷氨酸Glutamic acid | 13.19±3.38B | 37.74±1.64A | ||
蛋氨酸Methionine | 8.11±0.67a | 7.31±0.61a | 甘氨酸Glycine | 9.84±2.01a | 12.34±0.96a | ||
异亮氨酸Isoleucine | 12.00±1.21a | 13.37±1.03a | 丙氨酸Alanine | 8.15±1.23a | 11.02±1.42a | ||
亮氨酸Leucine | 17.92±3.80a | 24.33±1.90a | 脯氨酸Proline | 6.41±1.27a | 5.86±1.28a | ||
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 11.26±0.46a | 11.43±0.88a | 酪氨酸Tyrosine | 10.47±0.66a | 10.03±0.75a | ||
赖氨酸Lysine | 19.19±3.99a | 25.96±1.93a | 天冬氨酸Aspartic acid | 11.56±2.34a | 15.12±2.99a | ||
组氨酸Histidine | 9.76±0.53a | 9.45±0.64a | 胱氨酸Cystine | 1.10±0.29a | 1.93±0.36a | ||
精氨酸Arginine | 11.25±2.39b | 19.08±1.28a | 合计Total | 90.59±9.56b | 118.44±1.98a | ||
合计 Total | 106.79±11.14a | 135.25±3.51a |
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