草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 62-73.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024438
鲍平安1,2(
), 文志林3, 王炎4, 陈彦虎5,6, 季波1,2(
), 王占军1,2, 吴旭东1,2, 蒋齐1,2
收稿日期:2024-11-07
修回日期:2024-12-16
出版日期:2025-10-20
发布日期:2025-07-11
通讯作者:
季波
作者简介:E-mail: nxjibo311@163.com基金资助:
Ping-an BAO1,2(
), Zhi-lin WEN3, Yan WANG4, Yan-hu CHEN5,6, Bo JI1,2(
), Zhan-jun WANG1,2, Xu-dong WU1,2, Qi JIANG1,2
Received:2024-11-07
Revised:2024-12-16
Online:2025-10-20
Published:2025-07-11
Contact:
Bo JI
摘要:
为揭示退化荒漠草原逆向演替的驱动因素,本研究探究了不同牧草补播配置模式(禾本科牧草混播P1、豆科牧草混播P2、禾本科+豆科牧草混播P3)下退化荒漠草原植物群落特征、土壤理化性质及二者相关性的变化规律,阐明牧草补播配置模式对宁夏退化荒漠草原植物群落结构与土壤养分含量的影响。研究结果表明:牧草补播提高了豆科植物在植物群落中的占比和植物群落盖度、Simpson、Shannon-Wiener和Margalef指数,地上生物量在禾本科+豆科牧草混播下得到提升。禾本科牧草混播显著降低了土壤容重;禾本科牧草与禾本科+豆科牧草混播模式显著降低了土壤电导率;牧草补播提高了0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层土壤全磷和全钾含量,提高了0~10 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮含量以及10~20 cm土层土壤pH,降低了0~10 cm土层土壤pH和10~20 cm土壤有机碳含量。0~10 cm土层土壤有机碳和全氮含量均与植物群落物种Simpson、Shannon-Wiener和Margalef指数呈正相关。植被恢复过程中0~10 cm土层土壤有机碳和全磷含量以及10~20 cm土壤pH值与全磷含量是主要影响因子。综上所述,禾本科+豆科牧草混播对提高草地生产力,改善荒漠草原植物群落及其土壤养分具有促进作用,可作为退化荒漠草原恢复的优选配置模式。
鲍平安, 文志林, 王炎, 陈彦虎, 季波, 王占军, 吴旭东, 蒋齐. 不同牧草补播模式对荒漠草原植物群落结构及土壤特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(10): 62-73.
Ping-an BAO, Zhi-lin WEN, Yan WANG, Yan-hu CHEN, Bo JI, Zhan-jun WANG, Xu-dong WU, Qi JIANG. Effects of different forage reseeding patterns on plant community structure and soil characteristics in desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(10): 62-73.
| 科 Family | 种 Species | CK | P1 | P2 | P3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 禾本科Gramineae | 蒙古冰草A. mongolicum | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.24 |
| 短花针茅S. breviflora | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.05 | |
| 糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | |
| 白草Pennisetum flaccidum | - | 0.04 | - | 0.04 | |
| 赖草Leymus secalinus | - | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.11 | |
| 豆科Fabaceae | 牛枝子L. potanini | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.16 |
| 沙打旺A. laxmannii | - | - | - | 0.01 | |
| 草木樨状黄芪A. melilotoides | 0.01 | - | 0.10 | 0.01 | |
| 砂珍棘豆Oxytropis racemosa | 0.07 | - | - | - | |
| 披针叶黄华Thermopsis lanceolata | - | 0.04 | - | - | |
| 苜蓿M. sativa | - | - | - | 0.02 | |
| 狭叶米口袋Gueldenstaedtia stenophylla | - | 0.01 | - | - | |
| 菊科Asteraceae | 猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.23 |
| 阿尔泰狗娃花Aster altaicus | - | - | - | - | |
| 叉枝鸦葱Scorzonera divaricata | - | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
| 藜科Chenopodiaceae | 猪毛菜Kali collinum | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| 虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium | - | - | - | - | |
| 远志科Polygalaceae | 远志P. tenuifolia | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| 十字花科Brassicaceae | 蚓果芥Braya humilis | 0.01 | - | 0.03 | - |
| 旋花科Convolvulaceae | 银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | 0.01 | - | - | - |
| 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 二裂委陵菜Sibbaldianthe bifurca | 0.06 | - | - | - |
表1 补播地植物群落组成
Table 1 Composition of plant community in reseeding field
| 科 Family | 种 Species | CK | P1 | P2 | P3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 禾本科Gramineae | 蒙古冰草A. mongolicum | 0.15 | 0.30 | 0.13 | 0.24 |
| 短花针茅S. breviflora | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.05 | |
| 糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | |
| 白草Pennisetum flaccidum | - | 0.04 | - | 0.04 | |
| 赖草Leymus secalinus | - | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.11 | |
| 豆科Fabaceae | 牛枝子L. potanini | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.16 |
| 沙打旺A. laxmannii | - | - | - | 0.01 | |
| 草木樨状黄芪A. melilotoides | 0.01 | - | 0.10 | 0.01 | |
| 砂珍棘豆Oxytropis racemosa | 0.07 | - | - | - | |
| 披针叶黄华Thermopsis lanceolata | - | 0.04 | - | - | |
| 苜蓿M. sativa | - | - | - | 0.02 | |
| 狭叶米口袋Gueldenstaedtia stenophylla | - | 0.01 | - | - | |
| 菊科Asteraceae | 猪毛蒿Artemisia scoparia | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.23 |
| 阿尔泰狗娃花Aster altaicus | - | - | - | - | |
| 叉枝鸦葱Scorzonera divaricata | - | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | |
| 藜科Chenopodiaceae | 猪毛菜Kali collinum | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| 虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium | - | - | - | - | |
| 远志科Polygalaceae | 远志P. tenuifolia | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| 十字花科Brassicaceae | 蚓果芥Braya humilis | 0.01 | - | 0.03 | - |
| 旋花科Convolvulaceae | 银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | 0.01 | - | - | - |
| 蔷薇科Rosaceae | 二裂委陵菜Sibbaldianthe bifurca | 0.06 | - | - | - |
图1 补播地植物群落地上生物量“ns”表示各处理之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。“ns” indicates no significant differences among treatments (P>0.05).
Fig.1 Aboveground biomass of replanted plant communities
图2 植物群落特征不同小写字母表示不同配置模式间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different configuration modes (P<0.05).
Fig.2 Characteristics of plant community
补播配置模式 Replay configuration mode | 优势度指数 Simpson index | 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index | 均匀度指数 Pielou index | 丰富度指数 Margalef index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0.77±0.02b | 1.62±0.07b | 0.86±0.05a | 1.89±0.19c |
| P1 | 0.81±0.03ab | 1.83±0.15ab | 0.87±0.03a | 2.99±0.38bc |
| P2 | 0.85±0.00a | 2.06±0.03a | 0.89±0.02a | 3.76±0.43ab |
| P3 | 0.83±0.02ab | 2.04±0.10a | 0.82±0.03a | 4.83±0.56a |
表2 植物群落物种多样性指数
Table 2 Species diversity index of plant community
补播配置模式 Replay configuration mode | 优势度指数 Simpson index | 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index | 均匀度指数 Pielou index | 丰富度指数 Margalef index |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 0.77±0.02b | 1.62±0.07b | 0.86±0.05a | 1.89±0.19c |
| P1 | 0.81±0.03ab | 1.83±0.15ab | 0.87±0.03a | 2.99±0.38bc |
| P2 | 0.85±0.00a | 2.06±0.03a | 0.89±0.02a | 3.76±0.43ab |
| P3 | 0.83±0.02ab | 2.04±0.10a | 0.82±0.03a | 4.83±0.56a |
图3 土壤理化性质不同大写字母表示同一配置模式下不同土层之间差异显著,不同小写字母表示同一土层下不同配置模式之间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different capital letters indicate significant difference between different soil layers under the same configuration mode, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different configuration modes under the same soil layer (P<0.05).
Fig.3 Soil physical and chemical properties
图4 补播草地植物群落特征与土壤理化性质之间的相关性分析图中数值均为相关系数。The values in the figure are all correlation coefficients.
Fig.4 Correlation analysis between plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical properties in replanted grasslands
图5 牧草补播后土壤理化性质与植物群落特征主成分分析红色箭头表示解释变量,蓝色箭头表示响应变量。The red arrow represents the explanatory variable, and the blue arrow represents the response variable. Simpson: 优势度指数; Shannon-Wiener: 多样性指数; Pielou: 均匀度指数; Margalef: 丰富度指数; AGB: 地上生物量Aboveground biomass; OC: 土壤有机碳Soil organic carbon; TN: 土壤全氮Soil total nitrogen; TP: 土壤全磷Soil total phosphorus; TK: 土壤全钾Soil total potassium; RB: 土壤容重Soil bulk density; EC: 土壤电导率Soil electric conductivity.
Fig.5 Principal component analysis of soil physical and chemical properties and plant community characteristics after grass reseeding
土壤因子 Soil factors | 土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 贡献率 Contribution (%) | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon | 0~10 | 41.7 | 4.3 | 0.026* |
| 10~20 | 5.9 | 1.1 | 0.364 | |
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus | 0~10 | 26.4 | 4.1 | 0.008** |
| 10~20 | 22.0 | 3.7 | 0.010** | |
| pH | 0~10 | 9.3 | 1.7 | 0.224 |
| 10~20 | 48.5 | 5.7 | 0.002** | |
土壤全钾 Soil total potassium | 0~10 | 10.0 | 2.4 | 0.152 |
| 10~20 | 4.6 | 0.8 | 0.486 | |
土壤容重 Soil bulk density | 0~10 | 6.6 | 2.2 | 0.210 |
| 10~20 | 6.6 | 1.5 | 0.444 | |
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen | 0~10 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 0.394 |
| 10~20 | 7.9 | 1.5 | 0.246 | |
土壤电导率 Soil electric conductivity | 0~10 | 2.5 | <0.1 | 1.000 |
| 10~20 | 4.4 | <0.1 | 1.000 |
表3 土壤理化指标与植物群落特征主成分分析排序结果
Table 3 Principal component analysis ordination results of soil physical and chemical indicators and plant community characteristics
土壤因子 Soil factors | 土层深度 Soil depth (cm) | 贡献率 Contribution (%) | F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon | 0~10 | 41.7 | 4.3 | 0.026* |
| 10~20 | 5.9 | 1.1 | 0.364 | |
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus | 0~10 | 26.4 | 4.1 | 0.008** |
| 10~20 | 22.0 | 3.7 | 0.010** | |
| pH | 0~10 | 9.3 | 1.7 | 0.224 |
| 10~20 | 48.5 | 5.7 | 0.002** | |
土壤全钾 Soil total potassium | 0~10 | 10.0 | 2.4 | 0.152 |
| 10~20 | 4.6 | 0.8 | 0.486 | |
土壤容重 Soil bulk density | 0~10 | 6.6 | 2.2 | 0.210 |
| 10~20 | 6.6 | 1.5 | 0.444 | |
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen | 0~10 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 0.394 |
| 10~20 | 7.9 | 1.5 | 0.246 | |
土壤电导率 Soil electric conductivity | 0~10 | 2.5 | <0.1 | 1.000 |
| 10~20 | 4.4 | <0.1 | 1.000 |
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