草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 12-25.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024421
向泽宇1(
), 唐忠炳1, 彭昕桁2, 杨晓龙3, 杨创明4, 邱相东5, 陈春发1, 彭焱松1, 周赛霞1(
)
收稿日期:2024-10-24
修回日期:2024-12-05
出版日期:2025-09-20
发布日期:2025-07-02
通讯作者:
周赛霞
作者简介:E-mail: zhousx@lsbg.cn基金资助:
Ze-yu XIANG1(
), Zhong-bing TANG1, Xin-heng PENG2, Xiao-long YANG3, Chuang-ming YANG4, Xiang-dong QIU5, Chun-fa CHEN1, Yan-song PENG1, Sai-xia ZHOU1(
)
Received:2024-10-24
Revised:2024-12-05
Online:2025-09-20
Published:2025-07-02
Contact:
Sai-xia ZHOU
摘要:
武功山草甸属于华东南地区少有的典型天然草地,是该区域山地生态系统类型多样性的重要组成部分。然而,目前对武功山草甸整体的植物群落组成和结构特征仍知之甚少。因此,非常有必要对武功山草甸植物群落多样性、生态位、结构质量及保护管理开展调查研究。本研究从林草交错带到山顶,在整个武功山草甸范围内沿海拔梯度设置了3个海拔样带(E1:1380~1580 m,E2:1580~1780 m,E3:1780~1918 m),每个样带设10个调查样方进行群落及地形调查,包括物种组成、高度、盖度以及样方海拔经纬度和坡度坡向,评估草甸植物群落的多样性(α和β多样性)、生态位及种间竞争的变化。研究结果发现随海拔增加草甸群落结构逐渐发生变化,其中,草甸植物群落α多样性随海拔的增加而显著增加,而群落变异性(β多样性)显著降低,且阴坡草甸植物群落具有更高的物种丰富度。草甸群落种间竞争分析表明优质禾草芒和野古草的生态位宽度和生态位重叠系数占绝对优势,是整个草甸最具代表性的优势物种;同时草甸群落环境还为3种兰科植物的生存提供了庇护场所,而入侵植物小蓬草和鬼针草在草甸群落中也较常见。对武功山山地草甸植物群落特征的总体研究表明:草甸群落结构整体质量优良,但提示草甸群落质量面临一定程度的退化风险,今后要加强综合保护和管理,特别是1800 m至最高峰(金顶)的区段,是草甸植物群落的地上生物量最大、物种多样性最丰富、群落最稳定的区域,是未来草甸保护的重点。
向泽宇, 唐忠炳, 彭昕桁, 杨晓龙, 杨创明, 邱相东, 陈春发, 彭焱松, 周赛霞. 武功山山地草甸植物群落特征和生态位[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(9): 12-25.
Ze-yu XIANG, Zhong-bing TANG, Xin-heng PENG, Xiao-long YANG, Chuang-ming YANG, Xiang-dong QIU, Chun-fa CHEN, Yan-song PENG, Sai-xia ZHOU. Plant community characteristics and niches in mountain meadows of Wugong Mountain[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(9): 12-25.
海拔 Elevation (m) | 优势物种 Dominant species | 植被盖度Vegetation coverage (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1380 | 野古草A. hirta,大叶胡枝子Lespedeza davidii,奇蒿Artemisia anomala | 85 | |
| 1402 | 野古草A. hirta,蕨Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum,三叶委陵菜Potentilla freyniana | 85 | |
| 1404 | 野古草A. hirta,野菊Chrysanthemum indicum,条穗薹草Carex nemostachys | 99 | |
| 1473 | 野古草A. hirta,剑叶耳草Hedyotis caudatifolia,蕨P. aquilinum var. latiusculum | 90 | |
| 1524 | 野古草A. hirta,野菊C. indicum,双蝴蝶Tripterospermum chinense | 99 | |
| 1531 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 98 | |
| 1557 | 黑鳞珍珠茅Scleria hookeriana,野古草A. hirta,大叶胡枝子L. davidii | 95 | |
| 1568 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,蕨P. aquilinum var. latiusculum | 90 | |
| 1576 | 芒M. sinensis,灯芯草Juncus effusus,野古草A. hirta | 95 | |
| 1578 | 野古草A. hirta,戟叶堇菜Viola betonicifolia,三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 95 | |
| 1584 | 台湾剪股颖Agrostis sozanensis,签草Carex doniana,野古草A. hirta | 75 | |
| 1586 | 野古草A. hirta,条穗薹草C. nemostachys,半边月Weigela japonica var. sinica | 100 | |
| 1593 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis | 98 | |
| 1595 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,签草C. doniana | 94 | |
| 1602 | 芒M. sinensis,光脚金星蕨Parathelypteris japonica,野古草A. hirta | 98 | |
| 1696 | 野古草A. hirta,狭穗薹草Carex ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis | 97 | |
| 1704 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1705 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 98 | |
| 1719 | 野古草A. hirta,细叶卷柏Selaginella labordei,剪股颖Agrostis clavata | 92 | |
| 1725 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis,芒M. sinensis | 95 | |
| 1799 | 野古草A. hirta,芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | 94 | |
| 1800 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 97 | |
| 1804 | 野古草A. hirta,条穗薹草C. nemostachys,剪股颖A. clavata | 97 | |
| 1811 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis,剪股颖A. clavata | 99 | |
| 1859 | 野古草A. hirta,蕨状薹草Carex filicina,羽叶蓼Persicaria runcinata | 97 | |
| 1875 | 剪股颖A. clavata,芒M. sinensis,黄山蟹甲草Parasenecio hwangshanicus | 99 | |
| 1905 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1909 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1917 | 剪股颖A. clavata,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis | 93 | |
| 1918 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | 95 |
表1 草甸样方主要物种基本信息
Table 1 Basic information of main species in meadow quadrats
海拔 Elevation (m) | 优势物种 Dominant species | 植被盖度Vegetation coverage (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1380 | 野古草A. hirta,大叶胡枝子Lespedeza davidii,奇蒿Artemisia anomala | 85 | |
| 1402 | 野古草A. hirta,蕨Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum,三叶委陵菜Potentilla freyniana | 85 | |
| 1404 | 野古草A. hirta,野菊Chrysanthemum indicum,条穗薹草Carex nemostachys | 99 | |
| 1473 | 野古草A. hirta,剑叶耳草Hedyotis caudatifolia,蕨P. aquilinum var. latiusculum | 90 | |
| 1524 | 野古草A. hirta,野菊C. indicum,双蝴蝶Tripterospermum chinense | 99 | |
| 1531 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 98 | |
| 1557 | 黑鳞珍珠茅Scleria hookeriana,野古草A. hirta,大叶胡枝子L. davidii | 95 | |
| 1568 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,蕨P. aquilinum var. latiusculum | 90 | |
| 1576 | 芒M. sinensis,灯芯草Juncus effusus,野古草A. hirta | 95 | |
| 1578 | 野古草A. hirta,戟叶堇菜Viola betonicifolia,三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 95 | |
| 1584 | 台湾剪股颖Agrostis sozanensis,签草Carex doniana,野古草A. hirta | 75 | |
| 1586 | 野古草A. hirta,条穗薹草C. nemostachys,半边月Weigela japonica var. sinica | 100 | |
| 1593 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis | 98 | |
| 1595 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,签草C. doniana | 94 | |
| 1602 | 芒M. sinensis,光脚金星蕨Parathelypteris japonica,野古草A. hirta | 98 | |
| 1696 | 野古草A. hirta,狭穗薹草Carex ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis | 97 | |
| 1704 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1705 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 98 | |
| 1719 | 野古草A. hirta,细叶卷柏Selaginella labordei,剪股颖Agrostis clavata | 92 | |
| 1725 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis,芒M. sinensis | 95 | |
| 1799 | 野古草A. hirta,芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | 94 | |
| 1800 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 97 | |
| 1804 | 野古草A. hirta,条穗薹草C. nemostachys,剪股颖A. clavata | 97 | |
| 1811 | 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis,剪股颖A. clavata | 99 | |
| 1859 | 野古草A. hirta,蕨状薹草Carex filicina,羽叶蓼Persicaria runcinata | 97 | |
| 1875 | 剪股颖A. clavata,芒M. sinensis,黄山蟹甲草Parasenecio hwangshanicus | 99 | |
| 1905 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1909 | 芒M. sinensis,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,野古草A. hirta | 99 | |
| 1917 | 剪股颖A. clavata,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya,芒M. sinensis | 93 | |
| 1918 | 芒M. sinensis,野古草A. hirta,狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | 95 |
| 指标Index | E1 | E2 | E3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 群落高度Community height (cm) | 0.38±0.08a | 0.36±0.09a | 0.34±0.11a |
| 群落盖度Community coverage (%) | 93.10±5.32a | 94.60±7.31a | 96.90±2.23a |
| 物种丰富度Species richness | 12.40±2.72a | 15.00±5.08a | 15.80±5.31a |
| Margalef 指数Margalef index (Ma) | 2.43±0.44a | 2.69±0.85a | 2.73±0.88a |
| Simpson 指数Simpson index (D) | 0.86±0.04b | 0.89±0.05ab | 0.91±0.02a |
| Shannon-Wiener 指数Shannon-Wiener index (H) | 1.92±0.20b | 2.12±0.40ab | 2.25±0.33a |
| Pielou 指数Pielou index (E) | 0.77±0.03b | 0.79±0.06ab | 0.83±0.03a |
| β多样性β diversity (βsor) | 0.63±0.05a | 0.61±0.09a | 0.57±0.09a |
| 物种周转Species turnover (βsim) | 0.58±0.06a | 0.52±0.10ab | 0.46±0.11b |
| 物种嵌套Species nesting (βsne) | 0.05±0.01b | 0.09±0.02a | 0.11±0.05a |
| 地上生物量Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 323.60±188.79a | 355.57±83.29a | 383.36±99.24a |
表2 武功山山地草甸植物群落结构
Table 2 Plant community structure of Wugong mountain meadow
| 指标Index | E1 | E2 | E3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 群落高度Community height (cm) | 0.38±0.08a | 0.36±0.09a | 0.34±0.11a |
| 群落盖度Community coverage (%) | 93.10±5.32a | 94.60±7.31a | 96.90±2.23a |
| 物种丰富度Species richness | 12.40±2.72a | 15.00±5.08a | 15.80±5.31a |
| Margalef 指数Margalef index (Ma) | 2.43±0.44a | 2.69±0.85a | 2.73±0.88a |
| Simpson 指数Simpson index (D) | 0.86±0.04b | 0.89±0.05ab | 0.91±0.02a |
| Shannon-Wiener 指数Shannon-Wiener index (H) | 1.92±0.20b | 2.12±0.40ab | 2.25±0.33a |
| Pielou 指数Pielou index (E) | 0.77±0.03b | 0.79±0.06ab | 0.83±0.03a |
| β多样性β diversity (βsor) | 0.63±0.05a | 0.61±0.09a | 0.57±0.09a |
| 物种周转Species turnover (βsim) | 0.58±0.06a | 0.52±0.10ab | 0.46±0.11b |
| 物种嵌套Species nesting (βsne) | 0.05±0.01b | 0.09±0.02a | 0.11±0.05a |
| 地上生物量Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | 323.60±188.79a | 355.57±83.29a | 383.36±99.24a |
图1 地形环境下植物群落结构特征的相关性分析El: 海拔Elevation; R: 物种丰富度Species richness; Ma: Margalef指数Margalef index; D: Simpson指数Simpson index; H: Shannon-Wiener指数Shannon-Wiener index; E: Pielou指数Pielou index; βsor: β多样性β diversity; βsim: 物种周转Species turnover; βsne: 物种嵌套Species nesting; AB: 地上生物量Aboveground biomass; CH: 群落高度Community height; CC: 群落盖度Community coverage; Sl: 坡度Slope; As: 坡向Aspect. *和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平上显著相关。* and ** indicate significant correlation at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level, respectively. 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Correlation analysis of plant community structure characteristics under topographic environment
图2 不同海拔样带主要植物物种的生态位宽度E1: 海拔样带1 Elevation transect 1; E2: 海拔样带2 Elevation transect 2; E3: 海拔样带3 Elevation transect 3. S1: 芒M. sinensis; S2: 野古草A. hirta; S3: 华北剪股颖A. clavata; S4: 台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis; S6: 求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius; S9: 条穗薹草C. nemostachys; S10: 签草C. doniana; S11: 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya; S14: 牡蒿Artemisia japonica; S16: 珠光香青Anaphalis margaritacea; S17: 香青Anaphalis sinica; S19: 三脉紫菀A. ageratoides; S22: 异叶黄鹌菜Y. heterophylla; S23: 一枝黄花S. decurrens; S24: 林荫千里光Senecio nemorensis; S29: 九华蒲儿根Sinosenecio jiuhuashanicus; S30: 小蓬草E. canadensis; S31: 鬼针草Bidens pilosa; S32: 野菊C. indicum; S37: 三叶委陵菜P. freyniana; S38: 尼泊尔蓼Persicaria nepalensis; S42: 戟叶堇菜V. betonicifolia; S43: 紫花堇菜V. grypoceras; S44: 福建堇菜Viola kosanensis; S54: 大叶胡枝子L. davidii; S57: 腺茎柳叶菜Epilobium brevifolium; S59: 武当菝葜Smilax outanscianensis; S62: 前胡P. praeruptorum; S66: 剑叶耳草H. caudatifolia; S69: 双蝴蝶T. chinense; S72: 轮叶沙参A. tetraphylla; S73: 杜鹃Rhododendron simsii; S75: 羽毛地杨梅Luzula plumosa; S76: 灯芯草J. effusus; S77: 平车前P. depressa; S82: 牯岭藜芦Veratrum schindleri; S83: 髭脉桤叶树Clethra barbinervis; S86: 小连翘H. erectum; S87: 狼尾花L. barystachys; S88: 油点草Tricyrtis macropoda; S90: 小二仙草Gonocarpus micranthus; S93: 中国繁缕S. chinensis; S94: 蕨P. aquilinum; S95: 日本安蕨Anisocampium niponicum; S96: 细叶卷柏S. labordei. 下同The same below.
Fig.2 Niche breadth of main plant species of different elevation transects
物种 Species | 生态属性Ecological attributes (ΔOik ) | 生态响应速率Ecological response rate (ER) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | E2 | E3 | E1 | E2 | E3 | |
| 芒M. sinensis | 3.04 | 3.74 | 2.81 | 0.339 | 0.555 | 0.722 |
| 野古草A. hirta | 2.08 | 4.87 | 5.11 | 1.077 | 0.438 | 0.422 |
| 华北剪股颖A. clavata | - | 7.84 | 4.14 | - | 0.170 | 0.471 |
| 台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis | - | 3.14 | 1.57 | - | 0.416 | 0.434 |
| 求米草O. undulatifolius | - | 10.39 | 6.68 | - | 0.098 | 0.153 |
| 条穗薹草C. nemostachys | 8.55 | -0.03 | -0.23 | 0.069 | -4.472 | -0.829 |
| 签草C. doniana | -2.23 | 2.25 | - | -0.030 | 0.584 | - |
| 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | - | 7.61 | 4.19 | - | 0.205 | 0.461 |
| 牡蒿A. japonica | 6.82 | 7.12 | - | 0.099 | 0.150 | - |
| 珠光香青A. margaritacea | - | - | 5.98 | - | - | 0.263 |
| 香青A. sinica | - | 9.44 | 5.22 | - | 0.073 | 0.259 |
| 三脉紫菀A. ageratoides | 4.51 | -5.51 | -9.43 | 0.140 | -0.007 | -0.004 |
| 异叶黄鹌菜Y. heterophylla | 3.28 | 4.54 | 9.53 | 0.422 | 0.424 | 0.073 |
| 一枝黄花S. decurrens | 2.13 | 5.08 | 6.24 | 0.324 | 0.310 | 0.280 |
| 林荫千里光S. nemorensis | - | 7.32 | 0.12 | - | 0.094 | 5.712 |
| 九华蒲儿根S. jiuhuashanicus | 1.22 | -13.35 | 0.13 | 0.537 | -0.002 | 4.683 |
| 小蓬草E. canadensis | -3.57 | -1.54 | 14.01 | -0.013 | -0.065 | 0.047 |
| 鬼针草B. pilosa | - | -8.42 | 7.52 | - | -0.005 | 0.210 |
| 野菊C. indicum | 3.59 | 10.72 | - | 0.437 | 0.064 | - |
| 三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 2.65 | 6.21 | 5.79 | 0.762 | 0.278 | 0.301 |
| 尼泊尔蓼P. nepalensis | 1.74 | -5.22 | - | 0.338 | -0.011 | - |
| 戟叶堇菜V. betonicifolia | 2.72 | 2.74 | -12.94 | 0.205 | 0.242 | -0.002 |
| 紫花堇菜V. grypoceras | 1.00 | -3.15 | -8.83 | 0.680 | -0.017 | -0.004 |
| 福建堇菜V. kosanensis | - | 4.48 | 4.42 | - | 0.241 | 0.219 |
| 大叶胡枝子L. davidii | 3.40 | - | - | 0.512 | - | - |
| 腺茎柳叶菜E. brevifolium | - | 7.11 | -13.97 | - | 0.097 | -0.002 |
| 武当菝葜S. outanscianensis | 1.72 | -0.48 | - | 0.637 | -0.179 | - |
| 前胡P. praeruptorum | 4.72 | 5.52 | 2.26 | 0.136 | 0.282 | 0.737 |
| 剑叶耳草H. caudatifolia | 0.89 | - | - | 1.430 | - | - |
| 双蝴蝶T. chinense | 1.59 | 6.75 | - | 0.623 | 0.160 | - |
| 轮叶沙参A. tetraphylla | -2.22 | 5.64 | 7.50 | -0.031 | 0.315 | 0.209 |
| 杜鹃R. simsii | 2.99 | -1.73 | - | 0.356 | -0.057 | - |
| 羽毛地杨梅L. plumosa | - | - | 9.44 | - | - | 0.135 |
| 灯芯草J. effusus | -0.13 | - | 3.16 | -1.373 | - | 0.348 |
| 平车前P. depressa | 2.63 | -17.69 | -16.78 | 0.206 | -0.001 | -0.001 |
| 牯岭藜芦V. schindleri | - | 4.90 | 3.81 | - | 0.277 | 0.504 |
| 髭脉桤叶树C. barbinervis | 0.80 | - | - | 1.355 | - | - |
| 小连翘H. erectum | 3.57 | 5.57 | 3.96 | 0.496 | 0.341 | 0.541 |
| 狼尾花L. barystachys | 2.48 | 4.31 | 5.89 | 0.866 | 0.501 | 0.325 |
| 油点草T. macropoda | - | 6.28 | 5.51 | - | 0.174 | 0.242 |
| 小二仙草G. micranthus | -2.69 | 5.09 | - | -0.022 | 0.212 | - |
| 中国繁缕S. chinensis | -2.50 | -9.86 | -12.33 | -0.025 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
| 蕨P. aquilinum | 0.85 | -1.31 | -1.66 | 1.835 | -0.090 | -0.062 |
| 日本安蕨A. niponicum | -9.52 | -10.01 | 2.46 | -0.004 | -0.003 | 0.269 |
| 细叶卷柏S. labordei | - | 6.51 | 8.07 | - | 0.164 | 0.136 |
表3 武功山草甸主要植物物种的生态属性(ΔOik )和生态响应速率(ER)
Table 3 Ecological attributes (ΔOik ) and ecological response rate (ER) of main species in Wugong Mountain meadow
物种 Species | 生态属性Ecological attributes (ΔOik ) | 生态响应速率Ecological response rate (ER) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1 | E2 | E3 | E1 | E2 | E3 | |
| 芒M. sinensis | 3.04 | 3.74 | 2.81 | 0.339 | 0.555 | 0.722 |
| 野古草A. hirta | 2.08 | 4.87 | 5.11 | 1.077 | 0.438 | 0.422 |
| 华北剪股颖A. clavata | - | 7.84 | 4.14 | - | 0.170 | 0.471 |
| 台湾剪股颖A. sozanensis | - | 3.14 | 1.57 | - | 0.416 | 0.434 |
| 求米草O. undulatifolius | - | 10.39 | 6.68 | - | 0.098 | 0.153 |
| 条穗薹草C. nemostachys | 8.55 | -0.03 | -0.23 | 0.069 | -4.472 | -0.829 |
| 签草C. doniana | -2.23 | 2.25 | - | -0.030 | 0.584 | - |
| 狭穗薹草C. ischnostachya | - | 7.61 | 4.19 | - | 0.205 | 0.461 |
| 牡蒿A. japonica | 6.82 | 7.12 | - | 0.099 | 0.150 | - |
| 珠光香青A. margaritacea | - | - | 5.98 | - | - | 0.263 |
| 香青A. sinica | - | 9.44 | 5.22 | - | 0.073 | 0.259 |
| 三脉紫菀A. ageratoides | 4.51 | -5.51 | -9.43 | 0.140 | -0.007 | -0.004 |
| 异叶黄鹌菜Y. heterophylla | 3.28 | 4.54 | 9.53 | 0.422 | 0.424 | 0.073 |
| 一枝黄花S. decurrens | 2.13 | 5.08 | 6.24 | 0.324 | 0.310 | 0.280 |
| 林荫千里光S. nemorensis | - | 7.32 | 0.12 | - | 0.094 | 5.712 |
| 九华蒲儿根S. jiuhuashanicus | 1.22 | -13.35 | 0.13 | 0.537 | -0.002 | 4.683 |
| 小蓬草E. canadensis | -3.57 | -1.54 | 14.01 | -0.013 | -0.065 | 0.047 |
| 鬼针草B. pilosa | - | -8.42 | 7.52 | - | -0.005 | 0.210 |
| 野菊C. indicum | 3.59 | 10.72 | - | 0.437 | 0.064 | - |
| 三叶委陵菜P. freyniana | 2.65 | 6.21 | 5.79 | 0.762 | 0.278 | 0.301 |
| 尼泊尔蓼P. nepalensis | 1.74 | -5.22 | - | 0.338 | -0.011 | - |
| 戟叶堇菜V. betonicifolia | 2.72 | 2.74 | -12.94 | 0.205 | 0.242 | -0.002 |
| 紫花堇菜V. grypoceras | 1.00 | -3.15 | -8.83 | 0.680 | -0.017 | -0.004 |
| 福建堇菜V. kosanensis | - | 4.48 | 4.42 | - | 0.241 | 0.219 |
| 大叶胡枝子L. davidii | 3.40 | - | - | 0.512 | - | - |
| 腺茎柳叶菜E. brevifolium | - | 7.11 | -13.97 | - | 0.097 | -0.002 |
| 武当菝葜S. outanscianensis | 1.72 | -0.48 | - | 0.637 | -0.179 | - |
| 前胡P. praeruptorum | 4.72 | 5.52 | 2.26 | 0.136 | 0.282 | 0.737 |
| 剑叶耳草H. caudatifolia | 0.89 | - | - | 1.430 | - | - |
| 双蝴蝶T. chinense | 1.59 | 6.75 | - | 0.623 | 0.160 | - |
| 轮叶沙参A. tetraphylla | -2.22 | 5.64 | 7.50 | -0.031 | 0.315 | 0.209 |
| 杜鹃R. simsii | 2.99 | -1.73 | - | 0.356 | -0.057 | - |
| 羽毛地杨梅L. plumosa | - | - | 9.44 | - | - | 0.135 |
| 灯芯草J. effusus | -0.13 | - | 3.16 | -1.373 | - | 0.348 |
| 平车前P. depressa | 2.63 | -17.69 | -16.78 | 0.206 | -0.001 | -0.001 |
| 牯岭藜芦V. schindleri | - | 4.90 | 3.81 | - | 0.277 | 0.504 |
| 髭脉桤叶树C. barbinervis | 0.80 | - | - | 1.355 | - | - |
| 小连翘H. erectum | 3.57 | 5.57 | 3.96 | 0.496 | 0.341 | 0.541 |
| 狼尾花L. barystachys | 2.48 | 4.31 | 5.89 | 0.866 | 0.501 | 0.325 |
| 油点草T. macropoda | - | 6.28 | 5.51 | - | 0.174 | 0.242 |
| 小二仙草G. micranthus | -2.69 | 5.09 | - | -0.022 | 0.212 | - |
| 中国繁缕S. chinensis | -2.50 | -9.86 | -12.33 | -0.025 | -0.003 | -0.002 |
| 蕨P. aquilinum | 0.85 | -1.31 | -1.66 | 1.835 | -0.090 | -0.062 |
| 日本安蕨A. niponicum | -9.52 | -10.01 | 2.46 | -0.004 | -0.003 | 0.269 |
| 细叶卷柏S. labordei | - | 6.51 | 8.07 | - | 0.164 | 0.136 |
| 指标Index | E1 | E2 | E3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 物种数Species numbers | 52 | 57 | 54 |
| 种对数Species pairs numbers | 2652 | 3192 | 2862 |
| 生态位重叠>0.6的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.6 | 455 | 593 | 610 |
| 生态位重叠>0.7的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.7 | 411 | 516 | 536 |
| 生态位重叠>0.8的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.8 | 371 | 471 | 481 |
| 生态位重叠>0.9的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.9 | 331 | 434 | 432 |
| 生态位重叠>1.0的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >1.0 | 304 | 410 | 393 |
| 生态位重叠总和Sum of niche overlap | 4715.47 | 9819.53 | 9403.00 |
表4 武功山草甸植物物种间的生态位重叠竞争结果
Table 4 Results of niche overlap competition among plant species in Wugong Mountain meadow
| 指标Index | E1 | E2 | E3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 物种数Species numbers | 52 | 57 | 54 |
| 种对数Species pairs numbers | 2652 | 3192 | 2862 |
| 生态位重叠>0.6的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.6 | 455 | 593 | 610 |
| 生态位重叠>0.7的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.7 | 411 | 516 | 536 |
| 生态位重叠>0.8的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.8 | 371 | 471 | 481 |
| 生态位重叠>0.9的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >0.9 | 331 | 434 | 432 |
| 生态位重叠>1.0的种对数The number of species pairs with niche overlap >1.0 | 304 | 410 | 393 |
| 生态位重叠总和Sum of niche overlap | 4715.47 | 9819.53 | 9403.00 |
图3 不同海拔样带植物物种的生态位重叠系数Oik 表示种群i对种群k的生态位重叠系数;Oki 表示种群k对种群i的生态位重叠系数。Oik represents the niche overlap coefficient of population i to population k; Oki represents the niche overlap coefficient of population k to population i. *表示在P<0.05水平上差异显著。* indicates significant difference at P<0.05 level.
Fig.3 Niche overlap coefficient of plant species of different elevation transects
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