草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 113-125.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025204
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
李小聪1,3(
), 闫聚辉1,3, 王星1,3, 胡鹏飞1,3, 叶雨浓1,3, 伏兵哲1,2,3(
)
收稿日期:2025-05-21
修回日期:2025-07-18
出版日期:2026-05-20
发布日期:2026-03-11
通讯作者:
伏兵哲
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: fbzhe19@163.com基金资助:
Xiao-cong LI1,3(
), Ju-hui YAN1,3, Xing WANG1,3, Peng-fei HU1,3, Yu-nong YE1,3, Bing-zhe FU1,2,3(
)
Received:2025-05-21
Revised:2025-07-18
Online:2026-05-20
Published:2026-03-11
Contact:
Bing-zhe FU
摘要:
为探究宁夏半干旱区紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦间行种植的适宜比例,以单播紫花苜蓿(CKM)和无芒雀麦(CKB)为对照,设置紫花苜蓿(M)和无芒雀麦(B)5种种植比例(3∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3,分别为M3B1、M2B1、M1B1、M1B2、M1B3),测定与分析不同种植模式下紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦的农艺性状、营养品质、土壤养分等指标。结果表明,间行种植比例(M2B1)在产量、品质和土壤养分积累方面表现最优。M2B1处理使紫花苜蓿分枝数较CKM提高18.36%,无芒雀麦株高和叶面积较CKB分别提高22.40%和37.03%,混合干草产量达17.70 t·hm-2,与CKM相当。M2B1处理下的粗蛋白含量较CKB提高33.83%,中性洗涤纤维降低5.12%。土壤养分积累方面,M2B1处理的有机质含量较CKM和CKB分别提高2.13%和3.90%,碱解氮含量分别提高16.53%和37.33%。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,混合产量与土壤速效钾、碱解氮含量呈正相关关系。综合评价显示,紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦按2∶1间行种植时,土地资源利用效率、生产力提升和土壤养分积累效果最优。
李小聪, 闫聚辉, 王星, 胡鹏飞, 叶雨浓, 伏兵哲. 紫花苜蓿/无芒雀麦间作对草地生产性能和土壤理化特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(5): 113-125.
Xiao-cong LI, Ju-hui YAN, Xing WANG, Peng-fei HU, Yu-nong YE, Bing-zhe FU. Effects of different inter-row planting ratios of alfalfa and smooth brome on grass production performance and soil physicochemical properties[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(5): 113-125.
物种 Species | 处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 叶面积 Leaf area (mm2) | 分枝数或分蘖数 Branch/tiller number | 茎叶比 Stem-leaf ratio | 干草产量 Hay yield (t?hm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | M1B1 | 92.78±1.08bc | 3.56±0.17a | 318.11±11.97ab | 210.00±7.93a | 1.71±0.07ab | 11.87±0.45c |
| M3B1 | 87.46±1.79d | 3.19±0.12a | 311.30±10.20b | 189.80±5.84ab | 1.75±0.05ab | 14.49±0.72b | |
| M1B2 | 94.74±1.04ab | 3.41±0.12a | 244.93±11.64c | 201.90±6.95ab | 1.67±0.06ab | 9.64±0.64d | |
| M2B1 | 87.89±1.57d | 3.34±0.14a | 237.09±11.72c | 181.80±7.62b | 1.59±0.04b | 15.19±0.86b | |
| M1B3 | 89.46±1.25cd | 3.37±0.12a | 246.71±10.74c | 210.30±8.77a | 1.57±0.06b | 7.38±0.31e | |
| CKM | 98.21±1.10a | 3.37±0.12a | 346.96±11.27a | 153.60±6.12c | 1.83±0.07a | 17.87±0.93a | |
无芒雀麦 B. inermis | M1B1 | 108.86±1.33a | 2.46±0.09a | 2068.86±109.87a | 269.08±15.76c | 0.98±0.08c | 4.07±0.20d |
| M3B1 | 102.56±1.59b | 2.61±0.13a | 2229.82±101.63a | 286.42±21.23bc | 0.96±0.07c | 1.97±0.12e | |
| M1B2 | 108.11±1.03a | 2.54±0.10a | 1582.82±60.10b | 283.92±15.37bc | 1.34±0.15ab | 7.03±0.41c | |
| M2B1 | 107.36±1.33a | 2.52±0.10a | 1689.89±104.57b | 255.58±11.27c | 1.52±0.15a | 2.51±0.14e | |
| M1B3 | 107.78±1.51a | 2.54±0.11a | 1437.11±74.77bc | 327.67±16.86ab | 1.51±0.11a | 8.51±0.43b | |
| CKB | 87.71±1.40c | 2.61±0.12a | 1233.21±59.19c | 343.75±10.75a | 1.14±0.07bc | 9.70±0.43a |
表1 不同间行种植比例对紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦农艺性状的影响
Table 1 Effects of different inter-row planting ratios on agronomic traits of M. sativa and B. inermis
物种 Species | 处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (mm) | 叶面积 Leaf area (mm2) | 分枝数或分蘖数 Branch/tiller number | 茎叶比 Stem-leaf ratio | 干草产量 Hay yield (t?hm-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | M1B1 | 92.78±1.08bc | 3.56±0.17a | 318.11±11.97ab | 210.00±7.93a | 1.71±0.07ab | 11.87±0.45c |
| M3B1 | 87.46±1.79d | 3.19±0.12a | 311.30±10.20b | 189.80±5.84ab | 1.75±0.05ab | 14.49±0.72b | |
| M1B2 | 94.74±1.04ab | 3.41±0.12a | 244.93±11.64c | 201.90±6.95ab | 1.67±0.06ab | 9.64±0.64d | |
| M2B1 | 87.89±1.57d | 3.34±0.14a | 237.09±11.72c | 181.80±7.62b | 1.59±0.04b | 15.19±0.86b | |
| M1B3 | 89.46±1.25cd | 3.37±0.12a | 246.71±10.74c | 210.30±8.77a | 1.57±0.06b | 7.38±0.31e | |
| CKM | 98.21±1.10a | 3.37±0.12a | 346.96±11.27a | 153.60±6.12c | 1.83±0.07a | 17.87±0.93a | |
无芒雀麦 B. inermis | M1B1 | 108.86±1.33a | 2.46±0.09a | 2068.86±109.87a | 269.08±15.76c | 0.98±0.08c | 4.07±0.20d |
| M3B1 | 102.56±1.59b | 2.61±0.13a | 2229.82±101.63a | 286.42±21.23bc | 0.96±0.07c | 1.97±0.12e | |
| M1B2 | 108.11±1.03a | 2.54±0.10a | 1582.82±60.10b | 283.92±15.37bc | 1.34±0.15ab | 7.03±0.41c | |
| M2B1 | 107.36±1.33a | 2.52±0.10a | 1689.89±104.57b | 255.58±11.27c | 1.52±0.15a | 2.51±0.14e | |
| M1B3 | 107.78±1.51a | 2.54±0.11a | 1437.11±74.77bc | 327.67±16.86ab | 1.51±0.11a | 8.51±0.43b | |
| CKB | 87.71±1.40c | 2.61±0.12a | 1233.21±59.19c | 343.75±10.75a | 1.14±0.07bc | 9.70±0.43a |
图2 紫花苜蓿/无芒雀麦不同间行种植比例下混合干草产量和粗蛋白产量不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.2 Mixed hay yield and crude protein yield under different inter-row planting ratios of M. sativa and B. inermis
处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 相对饲喂价值 Relative feeding value (RFV) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1B1 | 14.73±0.21b | 63.37±1.14b | 42.73±0.44b | 83.78±1.55b |
| M3B1 | 13.84±0.13c | 60.40±0.33c | 44.32±0.32a | 84.45±0.80b |
| M1B2 | 12.27±0.16d | 66.18±0.38a | 43.96±0.32a | 77.90±0.80c |
| M2B1 | 14.36±0.12b | 62.40±0.58b | 43.97±0.42a | 82.69±1.23b |
| M1B3 | 11.68±0.13e | 67.01±0.35a | 43.51±0.25ab | 78.75±0.76c |
| CKM | 16.21±0.18a | 55.23±0.62d | 40.22±0.46c | 97.29±1.81a |
| CKB | 10.73±0.25f | 65.77±0.22a | 39.11±0.32d | 82.61±0.48b |
表2 紫花苜蓿/无芒雀麦不同间行种植比例下的牧草营养品质
Table 2 Forage nutritional quality under different inter-row planting ratios of M. sativa and B. inermis
处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %) | 相对饲喂价值 Relative feeding value (RFV) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1B1 | 14.73±0.21b | 63.37±1.14b | 42.73±0.44b | 83.78±1.55b |
| M3B1 | 13.84±0.13c | 60.40±0.33c | 44.32±0.32a | 84.45±0.80b |
| M1B2 | 12.27±0.16d | 66.18±0.38a | 43.96±0.32a | 77.90±0.80c |
| M2B1 | 14.36±0.12b | 62.40±0.58b | 43.97±0.42a | 82.69±1.23b |
| M1B3 | 11.68±0.13e | 67.01±0.35a | 43.51±0.25ab | 78.75±0.76c |
| CKM | 16.21±0.18a | 55.23±0.62d | 40.22±0.46c | 97.29±1.81a |
| CKB | 10.73±0.25f | 65.77±0.22a | 39.11±0.32d | 82.61±0.48b |
图5 紫花苜蓿/无芒雀麦的农艺性状指标与土壤理化性质的关系SOM: 土壤有机质Soil organic matter; TN: 全氮Total nitrogen; TP: 全磷Total phosphorus; TK: 全钾Total potassium; AN: 碱解氮Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen; AP: 有效磷Effective phosphorus; AK: 速效钾Available potassium; M-PH: 紫花苜蓿-株高M. sativa-plant height; M-SD: 紫花苜蓿-茎粗M. sativa-stem diameter; M-BN: 紫花苜蓿-分枝数M. sativa-number of branches; M-LA: 紫花苜蓿-叶面积M. sativa-leaf area; B-PH: 无芒雀麦-株高B. inermis-plant height; B-SD: 无芒雀麦-茎粗B. inermis-stem diameter; B-BN: 无芒雀麦-分蘖数B. inermis-number of tillers; B-LA: 无芒雀麦-叶面积B. inermis-leaf area. 下同The same below. *: P≤0.05; **: P≤0.01; ***: P≤0.001.
Fig.5 Relationship between agronomic trait indicators and soil physico-chemical properties of M. sativa and B. inermis
图6 不同间行种植比例下牧草产量、粗蛋白产量、土地当量比与土壤养分含量的冗余分析MHY: 混合干草产量Mixed hay yield. A: M1B1; B: M3B1; C: M1B2; D: M2B1; E: M1B3; F: CKM; G: CKB.
Fig.6 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of forage yield, crude protein yield (CPY), land equivalent ratio (LER) and soil nutrient content of different inter-row planting ratios
指标 Index | 主成分 Principal component (PC) | 指标 Index | 主成分 Principal component (PC) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
| 粗蛋白含量Crude protein content | 0.171 | 0.079 | -0.072 | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fibre | -0.020 | 0.212 | -0.068 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fibre | -0.180 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 全磷Total phosphorus | -0.013 | -0.225 | 0.044 |
| 粗蛋白产量Crude protein yield | 0.145 | 0.131 | -0.189 | 有效磷Effective phosphorus | -0.048 | 0.189 | 0.275 |
| 相对饲喂价值Relative feeding value | 0.164 | -0.099 | -0.048 | 全钾Total potassium | -0.050 | 0.118 | 0.314 |
| 全氮Total nitrogen | 0.157 | -0.026 | 0.264 | 有机质Organic matter | 0.121 | -0.053 | 0.330 |
| 碱解氮Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen | 0.141 | 0.067 | 0.201 | 特征值Eigenvalue | 5.326 | 3.892 | 2.002 |
| 混合干草产量Mixed hay yield | 0.111 | 0.153 | -0.233 | 贡献率Contribution rate (%) | 40.971 | 29.941 | 15.398 |
| 速效钾Available potassium | -0.039 | 0.213 | 0.028 | 累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%) | 40.971 | 70.913 | 86.310 |
表3 不同间行种植比例下各指标的特征值和累积贡献率
Table 3 Eigenvalues and cumulative contributions rate of indicators under different inter-row planting ratios
指标 Index | 主成分 Principal component (PC) | 指标 Index | 主成分 Principal component (PC) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
| 粗蛋白含量Crude protein content | 0.171 | 0.079 | -0.072 | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fibre | -0.020 | 0.212 | -0.068 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fibre | -0.180 | 0.042 | 0.041 | 全磷Total phosphorus | -0.013 | -0.225 | 0.044 |
| 粗蛋白产量Crude protein yield | 0.145 | 0.131 | -0.189 | 有效磷Effective phosphorus | -0.048 | 0.189 | 0.275 |
| 相对饲喂价值Relative feeding value | 0.164 | -0.099 | -0.048 | 全钾Total potassium | -0.050 | 0.118 | 0.314 |
| 全氮Total nitrogen | 0.157 | -0.026 | 0.264 | 有机质Organic matter | 0.121 | -0.053 | 0.330 |
| 碱解氮Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen | 0.141 | 0.067 | 0.201 | 特征值Eigenvalue | 5.326 | 3.892 | 2.002 |
| 混合干草产量Mixed hay yield | 0.111 | 0.153 | -0.233 | 贡献率Contribution rate (%) | 40.971 | 29.941 | 15.398 |
| 速效钾Available potassium | -0.039 | 0.213 | 0.028 | 累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%) | 40.971 | 70.913 | 86.310 |
处理 Treatment | 隶属函数值 Membership function value | 排名 Ranking |
|---|---|---|
| M1B1 | 0.632 | 2 |
| M3B1 | 0.604 | 3 |
| M1B2 | 0.236 | 6 |
| M2B1 | 0.764 | 1 |
| M1B3 | 0.310 | 5 |
| CKM | 0.589 | 4 |
| CKB | 0.184 | 7 |
表4 不同间行种植比例的隶属函数值及其排名
Table 4 Membership function values and their ranking for different inter-row planting ratios
处理 Treatment | 隶属函数值 Membership function value | 排名 Ranking |
|---|---|---|
| M1B1 | 0.632 | 2 |
| M3B1 | 0.604 | 3 |
| M1B2 | 0.236 | 6 |
| M2B1 | 0.764 | 1 |
| M1B3 | 0.310 | 5 |
| CKM | 0.589 | 4 |
| CKB | 0.184 | 7 |
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